Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between c...Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.展开更多
Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association betw...Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.展开更多
Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^(...Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.展开更多
Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-...Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS2 is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with𝐺𝑊and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.展开更多
Russell body gastritis(RBG) is an unusual type of chronic gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of Mott cells,which are plasma cells filled with spherical eosinophilic bodies referred to as Russell bodies.It ...Russell body gastritis(RBG) is an unusual type of chronic gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of Mott cells,which are plasma cells filled with spherical eosinophilic bodies referred to as Russell bodies.It was initially thought that Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection was a major cause of RBG and that the infiltrating Mott cells were polyphenotypic;however,a number of cases of RBG without H.pylori infection or with monoclonal Mott cells have been reported.Thus,diagnostic difficulty exists in distinguishing RBG with monoclonal Mott cells from malignant lymphoma.Here,we report an unusual case of an 86-year-old-Japanese man with H.pylori-positive RBG.During the examination of melena,endoscopic evaluation confirmed a 13-mm whitish,flat lesion in the gastric antrum.Magnification endoscopy with narrowband imaging suggested that the lesion was most likely a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Biopsy findings were consistent with chronic gastritis with many Mott cells with intranuclear inclusions referred to as Dutcher bodies.Endoscopic submucosal dissection confirmed the diagnosis of RBG with kappa-restricted monoclonal Mott cells.Malignant lymphoma was unlikely given the paucity of cytological atypia and Ki-67 immunoreactivity of monoclonal Mott cells.This is the first reported case of RBG with endoscopic diagnosis of malignant tumor and the presence of Dutcher bodies.展开更多
Faced with the challenge of arguments about the relation of post-,and trans-humanism,putting forth questions on their“antagonism”,or“convergence”,I propose to(re-)evaluate/highlight the relevance of the thinking o...Faced with the challenge of arguments about the relation of post-,and trans-humanism,putting forth questions on their“antagonism”,or“convergence”,I propose to(re-)evaluate/highlight the relevance of the thinking of Michel Serres for posthuman debates.It specifically seems to me that Serresian idea of bodily hominescence can be read as a suggestion of“convergence”of post-and trans-humanism.Starting from the assumption that the body is a crucial node of both of them in that its consideration by one and the other marks a major front of their divergence(tool body according to transhumanism,dimensional body according to posthumanism),I seem to grasp,within the Serresian theme of the hominescent body as totipotent/virtual,the idea of bodily virtuality as a point of their convergence.Following Serres’s argument that,due to its virtuality/potentiality(intended as the totality of the possibilities),the body,though always involved in(technological)hybridization processes,is difficult to be artificially reproduced and to be reduced to information,I assume virtuality as an“operational concept”capable of“producing”convergence of post-and trans-humanism.Such a concept allows me,in fact,to read the body(re-)invested,by technology as an infiltrative agent,of a dimensional role as hybridizer(and in this sense normalized).Through virtuality,therefore,I think to be able to understand the body as a meeting ground between trans-and post-component,in the sense that technological“intervention”no longer constitutes an enhancement of the body,but a hybridizing event not implying dis-incarnation but rather normalization of body’s dimensional value;precisely such,due eminently to hybridization with otherness within a process of technological infiltration.The body normalized by such a technology is therefore a trans-posthuman body,in the sense of being contaminated by technological processes keeping it in its dimensionality.In order to better illustrate this idea,I propose to examine Serresian metaphor of the body as a trunk without branches with cultural cut twigs,which seems to me to effectively express the theme of the body as a ground/condition of hybridization,i.e.,as an anthropo-techno-poietic dimension.I aim so at showing the relevance of Serres’s thought to conceive,in a convergent perspective,a body,not to be strengthened,but to be normalized in its dimensionality,namely,a trans/posthuman body in a trans/posthumanist context.展开更多
Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV） serotype 2, 3 and 8 vectors are the most promising liver- tropic AAV serotype vectors. Liver diseases are significant problems in China. However, to date, few studies on AAV...Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV） serotype 2, 3 and 8 vectors are the most promising liver- tropic AAV serotype vectors. Liver diseases are significant problems in China. However, to date, few studies on AAV neutralizing antibodies （Nabs） were working with the Chinese population or with the rAAV3 vectors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Nabs in Chinese population against wild-type AAV2, AAV3 and AAV8 capsids as well as additional two AAV3 variants. In addition, we performed a preliminary analysis to investigate the potential influence of traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions on AAV Nabs. Our work demonstrated that the majority of healthy Chinese subjects were positive for AAV Nabs, with the order of AAV2 〉 AAV3 = AAVLK03 〉 AAV8. There was no difference between： 1）AAV3 and its variants; 2） male and female subjects; and 3） different age cohorts （〈 35, 36- 50, and 〉 51 years old）. People in the Qi-deficiency constitution had significantly increased AAV8 Nabs than people in the Gentleness constitution. Our studies may have impact on the future clinical design of AAV-based gene therapy in the Chinese population.展开更多
The study of soil and rigid body system interactions is very important for the exploration of the Moon and Mars worldwide.The discrete element method(DEM)is a relatively accurate simulation method to study dry sand so...The study of soil and rigid body system interactions is very important for the exploration of the Moon and Mars worldwide.The discrete element method(DEM)is a relatively accurate simulation method to study dry sand soil mechanical properties.However,it is not suitable for bodies that are in mutual contact,connected due to constraints or have complex inertia properties due to their geometry.An efficient combination of the two-dimensional discrete element and multibody dynamic modeling method is proposed to solve the problem,in which the contacts and frictions among the granular spheres and the multibody system,including the smooth and rough rigid bodies,are taken into account.In this work,the soil field is modeled by a two-dimensional DEM,and the dynamics of the constrained rigid body system are modeled by the Cartesian method.A detection algorithm is developed to address the interactions between spherical discrete elements and roughly shaped rigid bodies.The advantage of this coupled method is that it enables the simultaneous capture of both responses.Finally,the program is verified by simulation experiments of the three-ball collision and the collision among the rectangular bars and the three balls.Based on this,the movement of the toothed wheel in the granular matter is analyzed,and the results show that the wheel with six teeth and 30°inclination has the fastest forward speed.In extraterrestrial objects,the wheel grip worsens,but the forward speed first increases and then decreases with decreasing gravity acceleration and loads on wheels,which proves that the coupled two-dimensional DEM and multibody dynamic program is effective in solving engineering problems.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development pro...Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development process of the MBC App involved:1)establishing a research group;2)determining of the content of the MBC App based on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and 3)technical exploitation and maintenance.A mixed-methods study was conducted.We selected ten BCSs by a convenience sampling method.After using the APP for three months,five assessed the quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale:User Version(uMARS)and another five were interviewed for process evaluation.Results The MBC App was developed with three modules:1)Library to provide health education information on body image,stigma,mindfulness,recovery and etc;2)Mindfulness Yoga to offer 12 Hatha yoga videos for daily practice;and 3)Mindfulness Practices to have 12 sessions of mindfulness videoconferences.Based on the uMARS data,the MBC App received high ratings for functionality(4.10±0.34),aesthetics(3.93±0.55),information quality(4.10±0.72),and perceived impact(4.03±0.96),as well as moderate ratings for engagement(3.72±0.94)and subjective quality(3.87±0.77).Participants indicated that the MBC App provided reliable knowledge,information,and emotional support.Recommendations from participants included categorizing knowledge in the Library Module,recording videoconferences of mindfulness practice,and adding discussion sessions in the videoconference.Afterward,we optimized the MBC App to enhance the user experience accordingly.Conclusions The MBC App offers online mindfulness interventions specifically for BCSs in China.The preliminary quality assessment indicates that the MBC App may be a promising tool for delivering mindfulness interventions to BCSs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Overweight children exhibit a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders compared with their normal-weight peers,yet the underlying reasons remain unclear.Gastrointestinal motility,a key pat...BACKGROUND Overweight children exhibit a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders compared with their normal-weight peers,yet the underlying reasons remain unclear.Gastrointestinal motility,a key pathophysiological factor in functional gastrointestinal disorders,may be influenced by body mass index(BMI).AIM To evaluate the impact of BMI on gastric motility parameters in children with functional abdominal pain disorders(FAPDs).METHODS We assessed gastric motility in 176 children with FAPDs(61.4%females,mean age 7.94 years,SD 1.96 years)and 63 healthy controls(57.1%females,mean age 9.17 years,SD 1.90 years)at the Gastroenterology Research Laboratory,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka.FAPDs were diagnosed and subtyped using the Rome IV criteria:Functional abdominal pain 97 patients;irritable bowel syndrome 39 patients,functional dyspepsia(FD)25 patients;and abdominal migraine 15 patients.Gastric motility was measured using a validated ultrasound method.Weight and height were measured using sensitive standard scales.RESULTS The BMIs of children with FAPDs and controls were 15.04 and 15.46 kg/m^(2),respectively(P=0.33).Fasting antral area(FAA)and antral area at 1 min(AA1)and 15 min(AA15)were significantly greater in patients with FAPD with a higher BMI(2.71 cm^(2),12.57 cm^(2),and 7.19 cm^(2),respectively)compared with those with a lower BMI(2.12 cm^(2),10.68 cm^(2),and 6.13 cm^(2),respectively)(P<0.01).BMI positively correlated with FAA and AA15(r=0.18 and r=0.19,respectively)(P<0.01)in those with FAPDs.In controls,only AA1 was greater in the higher BMI group(12.51 cm^(2)vs 9.93 cm^(2))and had a positive correlation(r=0.33)(P≤0.01).Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with FD,BMI negatively correlated with gastric emptying rate(GER)(r=-0.59)and antral motility index(MI)(r=-0.49),while in functional abdominal pain,MI positively correlated(r=0.25)with BMI(P≤0.01).CONCLUSION In children with FAPDs,higher BMI was associated with increased gastric antral distention during fasting and postprandial periods(as indicated by FAA,AA1,and AA15)but not with contractility and transit(MI,GER).However,in the FD subgroup,high BMI correlated with reduced GER and MI.This indicates the possible role of BMI in gastric hypomotility and the pathophysiology of FD.These findings underscore the importance of lifestyle and dietary interventions aimed at optimizing BMI in the management of FAPDs,particularly FD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical...BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.展开更多
Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and manag...Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and management of foreign bodies in the lower airways. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted over a 6-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019) in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Donka National Hospital. Results: We observed a prevalence of 1.79%. The average age was 5.71 years, with a sex ratio of 1.2. However, 82.61% of the cases originated from rural areas. We noted that 78.83% of patients were referred after visiting 1 to 2 healthcare facilities (75.36%). The consultation delay was 3 days. Penetration syndrome was present in 98.56% of cases. The foreign body incidents occurred during play in 54.84% and during meals in 29.09% of cases. Radiographs were performed in 93.9% of cases. Endoscopy was used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in all patients. The foreign bodies were located in the trachea (37.68%), larynx (26.08%), and bronchi (21.73%). Non-organic foreign bodies were predominant (52.17%). Postoperative outcomes were uncomplicated in 95.98% of cases, and the lethality rate was 2.85%. Conclusion: The pathway of patients with foreign bodies in the airways remains unpredictable in our context due to parental hesitations. Early management reduces morbidity and mortality rates.展开更多
Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival gr...Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival granulomas, the prevalence would be approximately 10% and their underestimation is probably linked to the inconsistency of their clinical presentation. Patient and Observations: We report a case of conjunctival granuloma caused by a metallic foreign body that went unnoticed in a young boy, the interest of rigor on primary protection measures for high-risk occupations, and of the strict application of the diagnostic protocol relating to ocular trauma. Discussion: foreign body granulomas, despite their usually harmless nature, can jeopardize the anatomical and functional prognosis of the affected eye. Only a detailed interview and a meticulous clinical examination allow the diagnosis to be made and the distinction to be made with conjunctival granulomas of different causes. Conclusion: the possibility of the involvement of a foreign body in the genesis of conjunctival granulomas must impose the rigorous application of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.展开更多
The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts....The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS...BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weigh...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Project of National Science and Technology Basic Resources Survey(Grant No.2017FY101100)。
文摘Objective The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is closely associated with suboptimal dietary patterns.To address this public health concern,we conducted a comprehensive study to examine the association between coarse cereals consumption and body fat percentage(BFP)in Chinese children and adolescents.Methods The study included 48,305 children aged 6–17 years from 28 districts/counties in 14 provinces across seven regions of China(24,152 girls and 24,153 boys).BFP was examined using bioelectrical impedance analysis in the early morning.Coarse cereals consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into three groups:0 g/1,000 kcal per day,0–10 g/1,000kcal per day,and>10 g/1,000 kcal per day(daily consumption of coarse cereals×1,000/total energy consumption).Quantile regression model was used to analyze the association between coarse cereals and BFP,adjusting for potential confounders such as age,pubertal development stage,urban/rural and regional factors,total daily dietary energy consumption,sedentary time,moderate-to-high physical activity,household income,parental education,and consumption of other foods.Results Boys aged 6–10,11–14,and 15–17 years had median daily coarse cereals consumptions of6.6 g,7.1 g,and 5.7 g,with BFP of 19.6%,19.5%,and 17.5%(all P<0.05).Girls in the same age groups showed consumption of 7.1 g,8.4 g,and 6.7 g,with BFP of 20.3%,26.4%,and 31.0%(all P<0.05).The quantile regression results for boys showed that daily consumption of coarse cereals was significantly correlated with their BFP in the 0.15,0.25,and 0.50 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.257,-0.221,and-0.330,respectively,after adjusting for potential confounders(P<0.05).For girls,there was a significant correlation with PBF at the 0.05,0.15,0.25,0.50,0.75,and 0.85 quartiles,with regression coefficients of-0.258,-0.366,-0.372,-0.431,-0.472,and-0.503(P<0.05 for all).Conclusions Coarse cereals consumption among Chinese children and adolescents remains relatively low.Higher consumption was inversely associated with BFP in children aged 6–17 years.Future interventional studies should assess how increased coarse cereals consumption prevents childhood obesity.
基金supported by the Yanzhao Gold Talent Project of Hebei Province(NO.HJZD202506)。
文摘Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.
文摘Overweight and obesity has been a major public health problem globally.It was estimated that more than 2.1 billion adults were affected by overweight or obese in 2021 worldwide,about one fifth of whom lived in China^([1]).By 2050,the country is forecast to remain the one with the largest population of overweight and obese globally^([1]),if no effective strategies were applied on overweight/obesity control.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2024YFA1409800 for J.Z.and2024YFA1408603 for Q.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12125408,12334004for J.Z.,and 12174363 for Q.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0303306 for J.Z.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0450101 for J.Z.)。
文摘Electron–hole(e–h)recombination is a fundamental process that governs energy dissipation and device efficiency in semiconductors.In two-dimensional(2D)materials,the formation of tightly bound excitons makes exciton-mediated e–h recombination the dominant decay pathway.In this work,nonradiative e–h recombination within excitons in monolayer MoS2 is investigated using first-principles simulations that combine nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with𝐺𝑊and real-time Bethe–Salpeter equation(BSE)propagation.A two-step process is identified:rapid intervalley redistribution induced by exchange interaction,followed by slower phonon-assisted recombination facilitated by exciton binding.By selectively removing the screened Coulomb and exchange terms from the BSE Hamiltonian,their respective contributions are disentangled—exchange interaction is found to increase the number of accessible recombination pathways,while binding reduces the excitation energy and enhances nonradiative decay.A reduction in recombination lifetime by over an order of magnitude is observed due to the excitonic many-body effects.These findings provide microscopic insights for understanding and tuning exciton lifetimes in 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides.
文摘Russell body gastritis(RBG) is an unusual type of chronic gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of Mott cells,which are plasma cells filled with spherical eosinophilic bodies referred to as Russell bodies.It was initially thought that Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection was a major cause of RBG and that the infiltrating Mott cells were polyphenotypic;however,a number of cases of RBG without H.pylori infection or with monoclonal Mott cells have been reported.Thus,diagnostic difficulty exists in distinguishing RBG with monoclonal Mott cells from malignant lymphoma.Here,we report an unusual case of an 86-year-old-Japanese man with H.pylori-positive RBG.During the examination of melena,endoscopic evaluation confirmed a 13-mm whitish,flat lesion in the gastric antrum.Magnification endoscopy with narrowband imaging suggested that the lesion was most likely a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.Biopsy findings were consistent with chronic gastritis with many Mott cells with intranuclear inclusions referred to as Dutcher bodies.Endoscopic submucosal dissection confirmed the diagnosis of RBG with kappa-restricted monoclonal Mott cells.Malignant lymphoma was unlikely given the paucity of cytological atypia and Ki-67 immunoreactivity of monoclonal Mott cells.This is the first reported case of RBG with endoscopic diagnosis of malignant tumor and the presence of Dutcher bodies.
文摘Faced with the challenge of arguments about the relation of post-,and trans-humanism,putting forth questions on their“antagonism”,or“convergence”,I propose to(re-)evaluate/highlight the relevance of the thinking of Michel Serres for posthuman debates.It specifically seems to me that Serresian idea of bodily hominescence can be read as a suggestion of“convergence”of post-and trans-humanism.Starting from the assumption that the body is a crucial node of both of them in that its consideration by one and the other marks a major front of their divergence(tool body according to transhumanism,dimensional body according to posthumanism),I seem to grasp,within the Serresian theme of the hominescent body as totipotent/virtual,the idea of bodily virtuality as a point of their convergence.Following Serres’s argument that,due to its virtuality/potentiality(intended as the totality of the possibilities),the body,though always involved in(technological)hybridization processes,is difficult to be artificially reproduced and to be reduced to information,I assume virtuality as an“operational concept”capable of“producing”convergence of post-and trans-humanism.Such a concept allows me,in fact,to read the body(re-)invested,by technology as an infiltrative agent,of a dimensional role as hybridizer(and in this sense normalized).Through virtuality,therefore,I think to be able to understand the body as a meeting ground between trans-and post-component,in the sense that technological“intervention”no longer constitutes an enhancement of the body,but a hybridizing event not implying dis-incarnation but rather normalization of body’s dimensional value;precisely such,due eminently to hybridization with otherness within a process of technological infiltration.The body normalized by such a technology is therefore a trans-posthuman body,in the sense of being contaminated by technological processes keeping it in its dimensionality.In order to better illustrate this idea,I propose to examine Serresian metaphor of the body as a trunk without branches with cultural cut twigs,which seems to me to effectively express the theme of the body as a ground/condition of hybridization,i.e.,as an anthropo-techno-poietic dimension.I aim so at showing the relevance of Serres’s thought to conceive,in a convergent perspective,a body,not to be strengthened,but to be normalized in its dimensionality,namely,a trans/posthuman body in a trans/posthumanist context.
文摘Recombinant adeno-associated virus （rAAV） serotype 2, 3 and 8 vectors are the most promising liver- tropic AAV serotype vectors. Liver diseases are significant problems in China. However, to date, few studies on AAV neutralizing antibodies （Nabs） were working with the Chinese population or with the rAAV3 vectors. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Nabs in Chinese population against wild-type AAV2, AAV3 and AAV8 capsids as well as additional two AAV3 variants. In addition, we performed a preliminary analysis to investigate the potential influence of traditional Chinese medicine body constitutions on AAV Nabs. Our work demonstrated that the majority of healthy Chinese subjects were positive for AAV Nabs, with the order of AAV2 〉 AAV3 = AAVLK03 〉 AAV8. There was no difference between： 1）AAV3 and its variants; 2） male and female subjects; and 3） different age cohorts （〈 35, 36- 50, and 〉 51 years old）. People in the Qi-deficiency constitution had significantly increased AAV8 Nabs than people in the Gentleness constitution. Our studies may have impact on the future clinical design of AAV-based gene therapy in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11932001)the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772186 and 11772188)for which the authors are grateful.This research was also supported by the Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics(Ministry of Education).
文摘The study of soil and rigid body system interactions is very important for the exploration of the Moon and Mars worldwide.The discrete element method(DEM)is a relatively accurate simulation method to study dry sand soil mechanical properties.However,it is not suitable for bodies that are in mutual contact,connected due to constraints or have complex inertia properties due to their geometry.An efficient combination of the two-dimensional discrete element and multibody dynamic modeling method is proposed to solve the problem,in which the contacts and frictions among the granular spheres and the multibody system,including the smooth and rough rigid bodies,are taken into account.In this work,the soil field is modeled by a two-dimensional DEM,and the dynamics of the constrained rigid body system are modeled by the Cartesian method.A detection algorithm is developed to address the interactions between spherical discrete elements and roughly shaped rigid bodies.The advantage of this coupled method is that it enables the simultaneous capture of both responses.Finally,the program is verified by simulation experiments of the three-ball collision and the collision among the rectangular bars and the three balls.Based on this,the movement of the toothed wheel in the granular matter is analyzed,and the results show that the wheel with six teeth and 30°inclination has the fastest forward speed.In extraterrestrial objects,the wheel grip worsens,but the forward speed first increases and then decreases with decreasing gravity acceleration and loads on wheels,which proves that the coupled two-dimensional DEM and multibody dynamic program is effective in solving engineering problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974162 and No.7231101009).
文摘Objectives This study aimed to develop and preliminarily assess the quality of a Mindfulness Breast Care(MBC)App to reduce body image distress and stigma among breast cancer survivors(BCSs).Methods The development process of the MBC App involved:1)establishing a research group;2)determining of the content of the MBC App based on Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and 3)technical exploitation and maintenance.A mixed-methods study was conducted.We selected ten BCSs by a convenience sampling method.After using the APP for three months,five assessed the quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale:User Version(uMARS)and another five were interviewed for process evaluation.Results The MBC App was developed with three modules:1)Library to provide health education information on body image,stigma,mindfulness,recovery and etc;2)Mindfulness Yoga to offer 12 Hatha yoga videos for daily practice;and 3)Mindfulness Practices to have 12 sessions of mindfulness videoconferences.Based on the uMARS data,the MBC App received high ratings for functionality(4.10±0.34),aesthetics(3.93±0.55),information quality(4.10±0.72),and perceived impact(4.03±0.96),as well as moderate ratings for engagement(3.72±0.94)and subjective quality(3.87±0.77).Participants indicated that the MBC App provided reliable knowledge,information,and emotional support.Recommendations from participants included categorizing knowledge in the Library Module,recording videoconferences of mindfulness practice,and adding discussion sessions in the videoconference.Afterward,we optimized the MBC App to enhance the user experience accordingly.Conclusions The MBC App offers online mindfulness interventions specifically for BCSs in China.The preliminary quality assessment indicates that the MBC App may be a promising tool for delivering mindfulness interventions to BCSs.
基金Supported by The University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka,Research Council Grant No.G23.
文摘BACKGROUND Overweight children exhibit a higher prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders compared with their normal-weight peers,yet the underlying reasons remain unclear.Gastrointestinal motility,a key pathophysiological factor in functional gastrointestinal disorders,may be influenced by body mass index(BMI).AIM To evaluate the impact of BMI on gastric motility parameters in children with functional abdominal pain disorders(FAPDs).METHODS We assessed gastric motility in 176 children with FAPDs(61.4%females,mean age 7.94 years,SD 1.96 years)and 63 healthy controls(57.1%females,mean age 9.17 years,SD 1.90 years)at the Gastroenterology Research Laboratory,University of Kelaniya,Sri Lanka.FAPDs were diagnosed and subtyped using the Rome IV criteria:Functional abdominal pain 97 patients;irritable bowel syndrome 39 patients,functional dyspepsia(FD)25 patients;and abdominal migraine 15 patients.Gastric motility was measured using a validated ultrasound method.Weight and height were measured using sensitive standard scales.RESULTS The BMIs of children with FAPDs and controls were 15.04 and 15.46 kg/m^(2),respectively(P=0.33).Fasting antral area(FAA)and antral area at 1 min(AA1)and 15 min(AA15)were significantly greater in patients with FAPD with a higher BMI(2.71 cm^(2),12.57 cm^(2),and 7.19 cm^(2),respectively)compared with those with a lower BMI(2.12 cm^(2),10.68 cm^(2),and 6.13 cm^(2),respectively)(P<0.01).BMI positively correlated with FAA and AA15(r=0.18 and r=0.19,respectively)(P<0.01)in those with FAPDs.In controls,only AA1 was greater in the higher BMI group(12.51 cm^(2)vs 9.93 cm^(2))and had a positive correlation(r=0.33)(P≤0.01).Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with FD,BMI negatively correlated with gastric emptying rate(GER)(r=-0.59)and antral motility index(MI)(r=-0.49),while in functional abdominal pain,MI positively correlated(r=0.25)with BMI(P≤0.01).CONCLUSION In children with FAPDs,higher BMI was associated with increased gastric antral distention during fasting and postprandial periods(as indicated by FAA,AA1,and AA15)but not with contractility and transit(MI,GER).However,in the FD subgroup,high BMI correlated with reduced GER and MI.This indicates the possible role of BMI in gastric hypomotility and the pathophysiology of FD.These findings underscore the importance of lifestyle and dietary interventions aimed at optimizing BMI in the management of FAPDs,particularly FD.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)is a life-threatening multisystemic condition with high short-term mortality.With the growing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome,it is important to investigate the clinical implications of high body mass index(BMI)on survival outcomes in ALF.AIM To explore the impact of overweight and obesity on the clinical outcomes of patients with ALF.METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted involving patients with ALF admitted to the Johns Hopkins Health System between January 1,2000 and May 1,2020.We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify outcomes,including the need for liver transplantation(LT)or all-cause mortality.RESULTS A total of 196 patients were included,the median age was 43.5 years,63.3%were female,and 59.7%were of Caucasian ethnicity.Acetaminophen-induced ALF was the most common etiology(45%).The mean BMI was significantly greater among patients who underwent LT or died(29.64 kg/m^(2)vs 26.59 kg/m^(2),P=0.008)than among survivors.Patients with overweight and obesity had a higher risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT by 2.22-fold(95%CI:1.30-3.78)and 2.04-fold(95%CI:1.29-3.39),respectively.Elevated BMI was associated with renal failure and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy.Derangements in serologic markers,including alanine transaminase,lactate,and ammonia,were associated with a mortality risk or need for LT.CONCLUSION In this large,retrospective study,with a diverse cohort of United States patients,Overweight and obese were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality or need for LT.This work highlights the importance of closely monitoring ALF patients who are overweight or obese for adverse complications and measures to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
文摘Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the lower airways (LAs) constitute a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring immediate management. The objective of our study was to describe the patient pathway and management of foreign bodies in the lower airways. Methodology: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection conducted over a 6-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019) in the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Donka National Hospital. Results: We observed a prevalence of 1.79%. The average age was 5.71 years, with a sex ratio of 1.2. However, 82.61% of the cases originated from rural areas. We noted that 78.83% of patients were referred after visiting 1 to 2 healthcare facilities (75.36%). The consultation delay was 3 days. Penetration syndrome was present in 98.56% of cases. The foreign body incidents occurred during play in 54.84% and during meals in 29.09% of cases. Radiographs were performed in 93.9% of cases. Endoscopy was used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in all patients. The foreign bodies were located in the trachea (37.68%), larynx (26.08%), and bronchi (21.73%). Non-organic foreign bodies were predominant (52.17%). Postoperative outcomes were uncomplicated in 95.98% of cases, and the lethality rate was 2.85%. Conclusion: The pathway of patients with foreign bodies in the airways remains unpredictable in our context due to parental hesitations. Early management reduces morbidity and mortality rates.
文摘Introduction: Conjunctival granulomas are tumor pathologies of various origins. A foreign body, whatever its nature, is often involved in its genesis. To date, there is very little data on foreign body conjunctival granulomas, the prevalence would be approximately 10% and their underestimation is probably linked to the inconsistency of their clinical presentation. Patient and Observations: We report a case of conjunctival granuloma caused by a metallic foreign body that went unnoticed in a young boy, the interest of rigor on primary protection measures for high-risk occupations, and of the strict application of the diagnostic protocol relating to ocular trauma. Discussion: foreign body granulomas, despite their usually harmless nature, can jeopardize the anatomical and functional prognosis of the affected eye. Only a detailed interview and a meticulous clinical examination allow the diagnosis to be made and the distinction to be made with conjunctival granulomas of different causes. Conclusion: the possibility of the involvement of a foreign body in the genesis of conjunctival granulomas must impose the rigorous application of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols.
文摘The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072127)。
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we explore how young people respond to the increasing focus on body weight management.As obesity rates climb,body weight management has become a growing concern in China.The government is introducing targeted policies,hospitals are setting up dedicated clinics,and health experts are speaking out.But weight is no longer just a medical issue-it’s increas-ingly tied to identity,confidence,and social image.We examine the cultural forces shaping how young people in China and Africa approach weight-what drives their choices,how ideals are formed,and where health meets appearance in today’s shifting societies.
