Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabiliza...Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabilization of these volatile ingredients using encapsulation is a commonly investigated practice.Complexation of aroma compounds using starch inclusion complex could be a potential approach due to the hydrophobicity of the left-handed single helical structure.In the present study,we used starch of three different V-type structures,namely V,V,and V,to encapsulate six different aroma compounds,including1-decanol(DN),cis-3-hexen-1-ol(HN),4-allylanisole(AN),γ-decalactone(DA),trans-cinnamaldehyde(CA),and citral(CT).The formed inclusion complexes samples were characterized using complementary techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that upon complexation with aroma compounds,all V-subtypes retained their original crystalline structures.However,different trends of crystallinity were observed for each type of the prepared inclusion complexes.Additionally,among three V-type starches,V-type starch formed inclusion complexes with aroma compounds most efficiently and promoted the formation of FormⅡcomplex.This study suggested that the structure of aroma compounds and the type of V starch could both affect the complexation properties.展开更多
The entropy squeezing of a V-type three-level atom interacting with a single-mode field and passing through the amplitude damping channel is investigated in detail. Our results show that when coupled to the single-mod...The entropy squeezing of a V-type three-level atom interacting with a single-mode field and passing through the amplitude damping channel is investigated in detail. Our results show that when coupled to the single-mode field, the atom in appropriate initial states can not only generate obvious entropy squeezing but also keep in the optimal squeezing state,while passing through the amplitude damping channel, the atom can generate entropy squeezing under the control of the weak measurement. Besides, it is proved again that as a measurement method for atomic squeezing, the entropy squeezing is precise and effective. Therefore our work is instructive for experiments in preparing three-level system information resource with ultra-low quantum noise.展开更多
Optical nanofiber(ONF)is a special tool to achieve the interaction between light and matter with ultralow power.In this paper,we demonstrate V-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)in cold atoms trapped by...Optical nanofiber(ONF)is a special tool to achieve the interaction between light and matter with ultralow power.In this paper,we demonstrate V-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)in cold atoms trapped by an ONFbased two-color optical lattice.At an optical depth of 7.35,90%transmission can be achieved by only 7.7 pW coupling power.The EIT peak and linewidth are investigated as a function of the coupling optical power.By modulating the pWlevel control beam of the ONF-EIT system in sequence,we further achieve efficient and high contrast control of the probe transmission,as well as its potential application in the field of quantum communication and quantum information science by using one-dimensional atomic chains.展开更多
The statistic properties of photon emissions from single semiconductor quantum dots with V-type leveldriven by pulses are investigated theoretically.Based on quantum regression theorem and master equations,the dynamic...The statistic properties of photon emissions from single semiconductor quantum dots with V-type leveldriven by pulses are investigated theoretically.Based on quantum regression theorem and master equations,the dynamicequations of the second-order correlation function of the photon emissions are deduced.The calculated results reveal thatthe efficiency of single photon emissions from two orthogonal polarization eigenstates(|x〉and |y〉)reaches the maximumwhen the input pulses area is about π,and the probability of the cross-polarized single photon emission from |x〉and |y〉decreases with increasing of pulse width.展开更多
An analytical method is developed for the study of the wave defending effects of the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in water of consta...An analytical method is developed for the study of the wave defending effects of the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in water of constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into three sub-regions by an imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions. By satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions and matching conditions in and between sub-regions, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for the eigenfunction expansions for each sub-region. The accuracy of the present model is verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of an isolated breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the relative wave amplitude around the breakwater, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. The results show that the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater is generally effective in defending against waves. In general, the wave height in the protected area is about 20～50 percent of the incident wave height.展开更多
We investigate the influence of the field fluctuations to the emission photons of V-type three-level systems.The emission intensity I and Mandel＇s Q parameter show stochastic resonance with respect to the pure dephas...We investigate the influence of the field fluctuations to the emission photons of V-type three-level systems.The emission intensity I and Mandel＇s Q parameter show stochastic resonance with respect to the pure dephasing constantγp.The amplitude fluctuation of the field causes these systems to lose their coherence.On the other hand,the amplitude fluctuation provides a new interference method for these systems.The quantum beats are shown in the orthogonal system.展开更多
This paper proposes a scheme for the generation of entangled coherent states for two cavity modes. In the scheme a V-type three-level atom is sent through a two-mode cavity filled with a coherent field. After the atom...This paper proposes a scheme for the generation of entangled coherent states for two cavity modes. In the scheme a V-type three-level atom is sent through a two-mode cavity filled with a coherent field. After the atom cavity interaction and detection of the atomic state the cavity modes may evolve to a superposition of two-mode coherent states. As the scheme is based on resonant atom-cavity interaction, the required interaction time is short, which is important in view of the decoherence. Moreover, additional classical pulses are unnecessary before and after the atom-cavlty interaction.展开更多
Abstract The reduced dynamics of a V-type three-level atom in a structure reservoir is presented, which has the exact solution in certain special condition. The Markovian and non-Markovian master equations for this co...Abstract The reduced dynamics of a V-type three-level atom in a structure reservoir is presented, which has the exact solution in certain special condition. The Markovian and non-Markovian master equations for this composite system are solved and compared with the exact solution. The solving approach can be directly generalized to the solution of a V-type multilevel system dynamics interacting with a reservoir. The results further testify that these two kinds of master equations are exploited in different coupling regime, providing guidance for further application of these variants master equations to solve multilevel system dynamics without the exact solution.展开更多
The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the re...The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the real-space Hamiltonian. The calculated results show that the probability of single photon frequency down-or up-conversion can reach a unit by choosing appropriate parameters in the non-dissipative system with perfect chiral coupling.We present a nonreciprocal single photon beam splitter whose frequency of the output photon is different from that of the input photon. The influences of dissipations and non-perfect chiral coupling on the single frequency conversion are also shown. Our results may be useful in designing quantum devices at the single-photon level.展开更多
Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative...Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative carrierenvelope phase （hereinafter referred to as the relative phase） on resonant propagation of two-colour femtosecond ultrashort laser pulses in a V-type three-level atomic medium. It is found that the pulse splitting occurs for a smaller value of relative phase; when the value of relative phase increases to a certain value, only the variation of pulse shape is present and the pulse splitting does not occur any more; moreover, when the value of relative phase is smaller, the pulse group velocity is larger. The relative phase also has an obvious effect on population and spectral property. Different population transfers can be realized by adjusting the value of relative phase. Generally speaking, for the pulses with smaller areas their spectral strengths and frequency ranges decrease obviously with the value of relative phase increasing; for the pulses with larger areas, with value of the relative phase increasing, their spectral strengths decrease remarkably but the relative strengths of the higher frequency components increase significantly, while the spectral frequency range is not varied evidently.展开更多
This study developed a novel method to prepare high-adsorbency V-type porous starch(VPS)through the pullulanase hydrolysis of V-type maize starch(VS)in 45°%(v/v)ethanol-water solution.Unlike conventional applicat...This study developed a novel method to prepare high-adsorbency V-type porous starch(VPS)through the pullulanase hydrolysis of V-type maize starch(VS)in 45°%(v/v)ethanol-water solution.Unlike conventional applications where pullulanase fails to hydrolyze native starch to produce porous starch,we discovered that pullulanase retains 41.60°%relative activity in 45°% ethanol when V-type maize starch(VS)is used as the substrate.Key parameters were systematically optimized,with enzyme concentration identified as the dominant factor.Under optimal conditions(0.4°% enzyme,500 r/min stirring,and 2 h hydrolysis),the resulting VPS exhibited a high yield(80.81°%)and exceptional oil adsorption capacity(344.60°%).XRD analysis confirmed the improved V-type relative crystallinity,while SEM observations revealed VPS had a unique porous granular structure with nano-spherical particles attachment which may contribute to the high yield and oil adsorption capacity.Overall,pullulanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of VS in 45°% ethanol solution offers an efficient and scalable route to produce high oil-adsorptive VPS for versatile applications in food and pharmaceuticals industries.展开更多
High V-type relative crystallinity(V_(RC))dextrin(HVD)was prepared by high-temperature acid-ethanol hydrolysis(HTAEH)of V-type granular starch(VGS).The influence factors including acid concentration,acidolysis tem-per...High V-type relative crystallinity(V_(RC))dextrin(HVD)was prepared by high-temperature acid-ethanol hydrolysis(HTAEH)of V-type granular starch(VGS).The influence factors including acid concentration,acidolysis tem-perature and acidolysis duration on HVD production were investigated along with the formation mechanism.HVD with the highest V_(RC)(45.15%)was prepared in 60%(v/v)ethanol at an HCl concentration of 2.0%(w/w),an acidolysis temperature of 95℃and an acidolysis duration of 30 min.Increasing V_(RC) during the first stage of HTAEH indicated that the V-type crystalline region of VGS was resistant to acid hydrolysis.The molecular weight of VGS was significantly decreased after 10 min~30 min of HTAEH but remained relatively constant thereafter.The increase in V_(RC) of HVD was due to acid hydrolysis of amylose(AM),and degraded AM with a peak degree of polymerisation of 107 was more easily to complex with ethanol.展开更多
Lutein is a natural plant pigment with a variety of biological functions.However,its low stability and bioavailability limits its use in the food industry.The ethanol-alkaline(EA)method was utilized to manufacture V-t...Lutein is a natural plant pigment with a variety of biological functions.However,its low stability and bioavailability limits its use in the food industry.The ethanol-alkaline(EA)method was utilized to manufacture V-type starch to examine its impact on the stability and release properties of the V-type starch-lutein composite system.The EA treatment increased the amylose content of natural starch and transformed its structure from a typical B-type structure to a more open V-type structure.The results showed that lutein could be efficiently loaded into V-type starch,and fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that hydrogen bonding interaction,in conjunction with helical cavities rather than surface adsorption,was responsible for the lutein loading by V-type starch.The designed loading system enhanced lutein’s photothermal stability,showing a two-fold increase compared to free lutein.V-type starch-lutein systems exhibited protection in gastric fluid and demonstrated sustained release post intestinal digestion.The findings had useful ramifications for the development of efficient delivery strategies for the encapsulation of lipophilic actives.展开更多
Trimethylamine(TMA),which is known to severely affect consumer acceptance and application,is the main compound of sea cucumber intestinal peptides.Herein,different V-type crystalline starches(V_(6a/h),V_(7a/h),V_(8a/h...Trimethylamine(TMA),which is known to severely affect consumer acceptance and application,is the main compound of sea cucumber intestinal peptides.Herein,different V-type crystalline starches(V_(6a/h),V_(7a/h),V_(8a/h))were prepared using high amylose maize starch for the adsorption of TMA.After analyzing the structure of Vtype starches,the V_(8^(-))type starch had a smaller and more evenly dispersed particles with additional surface pores and cracks,and reduced relative crystallinity compared with V_(6^(-))and V_(7^(-))type starch.The relative crystallinity of V_(_(6a)^(-)),V_(6h^(-)),V_(7a^(-)),V_(7h^(-)),V_(8a^(-)),and V_(8h^(-))type starches was 59.1%,51.8%,42.7%,41.3%,40.4%,and 40.1%,respectively.Adsorption models for V-type starches and TMA helped to analyze the adsorption kinetics characteristics and investigate the effect of different V-type starches on adsorption.Moreover,its adsorption kinetics process agreed with pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.96).Note that different V-type starches demonstrate good adsorption effects on TMA,and the removal rate is as follows:V_(8h)>V_(8a)>V_(7h)>V_(7a)>V_(6h)>V_(6a).Herein,we used environmental protection and food-grade V-type starches to effectively adsorb TMA and ensure a theoretical foundation for enhancing the flavor and quality of functional seafoods.展开更多
This study reports on the preparation of high-adsorptive V-type starch(HAVS)through the hydrolysis of normal maize starch using thermal-stableα-amylase in a 40%(v/v)ethanol solution.The resulting HAVS was then utiliz...This study reports on the preparation of high-adsorptive V-type starch(HAVS)through the hydrolysis of normal maize starch using thermal-stableα-amylase in a 40%(v/v)ethanol solution.The resulting HAVS was then utilized to produce powdered flaxseed oil(FO)via dry heating.HAVS prepared in 40%ethanol solution with 0.250%thermal-stableα-amylase(w/w,dry matter basis)at 90℃ for 90 min,yielding an oil adsorption rate of 308.15%.Single-factor experiments determined the optimal conditions for powdered FO production as an oil addition ratio of 130%(v/w),a heating temperature of 80℃ and a heating time of 10 min.In comparison,the maximum adsorption capacity of commercial porous starch(CPS)for FO under identical heating conditions was only 80%(v/w).XRD,DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that powdering of FO using HAVS as a carrier was through physical adsorption.Laser particle size analysis revealed that the powdered FO prepared with HAVS exhibited a more uniform particle size distribution compared to CPS.Storage stability tests demonstrated that HAVS significantly delayed the oxidative rancidity of FO,offering substantial protection.These findings suggest that HAVS is an effective carrier for FO,enhancing its stability and potentially its application in various industries.展开更多
Realizing the teleportation of quantum state, especially the teleportation of N-qubit quantum state, is of great importance in quantum information. In this paper, Raman-interaction of the V-type degenerate three-level...Realizing the teleportation of quantum state, especially the teleportation of N-qubit quantum state, is of great importance in quantum information. In this paper, Raman-interaction of the V-type degenerate three-level atom and single-mode cavity field is studied by utilizing complete quantum theory. Then a new scheme for teleporting N-qubit unknown atomic state via Raman-interaction of the V-type degenerate three-level atom with a single-mode cavity field is proposed, which is based upon the complete quantum theory mentioned above.展开更多
Our study shows that for the copropagating probing and driving fields, the gain without inversion doesn't monotonously decrease or increase with the increasement of Doppler width. When the driving field is resonan...Our study shows that for the copropagating probing and driving fields, the gain without inversion doesn't monotonously decrease or increase with the increasement of Doppler width. When the driving field is resonant, at a suitable Doppler width, we can get a maximum value of the gain without inversion, which is much larger than that obtained when Doppler broadening is absent.展开更多
An optomechanical cavity embedded with a V-type three-level atom is exploited to control single-photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide. The effects of the atom–cavity detuning, the optomechanical effect,the ...An optomechanical cavity embedded with a V-type three-level atom is exploited to control single-photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide. The effects of the atom–cavity detuning, the optomechanical effect,the coupling strengths between the cavity and the atom or the waveguide, and the atomic dissipation on the single-photon transport properties are analyzed systematically. Interestingly, the single-photon transmission spectra show multiple double electromagnetically induced transparency. Moreover, the double electromagnetically induced transparency can be switched to a single one by tuning the atom–cavity detuning.展开更多
基金funded by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Program,Competitive Grants Program award from the Improving Food Quality(A1361)program FY 2018 as grant#2018-67017-27558。
文摘Aroma compounds are low-molecular-weight organic volatile molecules and are broadly utilized in the food industry.However,due to their high volatility and evaporative losses during processing and storage,the stabilization of these volatile ingredients using encapsulation is a commonly investigated practice.Complexation of aroma compounds using starch inclusion complex could be a potential approach due to the hydrophobicity of the left-handed single helical structure.In the present study,we used starch of three different V-type structures,namely V,V,and V,to encapsulate six different aroma compounds,including1-decanol(DN),cis-3-hexen-1-ol(HN),4-allylanisole(AN),γ-decalactone(DA),trans-cinnamaldehyde(CA),and citral(CT).The formed inclusion complexes samples were characterized using complementary techniques,including X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The results showed that upon complexation with aroma compounds,all V-subtypes retained their original crystalline structures.However,different trends of crystallinity were observed for each type of the prepared inclusion complexes.Additionally,among three V-type starches,V-type starch formed inclusion complexes with aroma compounds most efficiently and promoted the formation of FormⅡcomplex.This study suggested that the structure of aroma compounds and the type of V starch could both affect the complexation properties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12064012 and 11374096)。
文摘The entropy squeezing of a V-type three-level atom interacting with a single-mode field and passing through the amplitude damping channel is investigated in detail. Our results show that when coupled to the single-mode field, the atom in appropriate initial states can not only generate obvious entropy squeezing but also keep in the optimal squeezing state,while passing through the amplitude damping channel, the atom can generate entropy squeezing under the control of the weak measurement. Besides, it is proved again that as a measurement method for atomic squeezing, the entropy squeezing is precise and effective. Therefore our work is instructive for experiments in preparing three-level system information resource with ultra-low quantum noise.
基金supported by State Grid science and Technology Project(Grant No.5700-202127198A-0-0-00)。
文摘Optical nanofiber(ONF)is a special tool to achieve the interaction between light and matter with ultralow power.In this paper,we demonstrate V-type electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)in cold atoms trapped by an ONFbased two-color optical lattice.At an optical depth of 7.35,90%transmission can be achieved by only 7.7 pW coupling power.The EIT peak and linewidth are investigated as a function of the coupling optical power.By modulating the pWlevel control beam of the ONF-EIT system in sequence,we further achieve efficient and high contrast control of the probe transmission,as well as its potential application in the field of quantum communication and quantum information science by using one-dimensional atomic chains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10534030 and CAST200729
文摘The statistic properties of photon emissions from single semiconductor quantum dots with V-type leveldriven by pulses are investigated theoretically.Based on quantum regression theorem and master equations,the dynamicequations of the second-order correlation function of the photon emissions are deduced.The calculated results reveal thatthe efficiency of single photon emissions from two orthogonal polarization eigenstates(|x〉and |y〉)reaches the maximumwhen the input pulses area is about π,and the probability of the cross-polarized single photon emission from |x〉and |y〉decreases with increasing of pulse width.
文摘An analytical method is developed for the study of the wave defending effects of the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in water of constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into three sub-regions by an imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunctions. By satisfying the corresponding boundary conditions and matching conditions in and between sub-regions, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for the eigenfunction expansions for each sub-region. The accuracy of the present model is verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of an isolated breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the relative wave amplitude around the breakwater, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. The results show that the V-type bottom-mounted breakwater is generally effective in defending against waves. In general, the wave height in the protected area is about 20～50 percent of the incident wave height.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grand Nos.91021009,21073110,and 11374191)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2013AQ020)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2013M531584)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant Nos.20130131110005 and 20130131120006)
文摘We investigate the influence of the field fluctuations to the emission photons of V-type three-level systems.The emission intensity I and Mandel＇s Q parameter show stochastic resonance with respect to the pure dephasing constantγp.The amplitude fluctuation of the field causes these systems to lose their coherence.On the other hand,the amplitude fluctuation provides a new interference method for these systems.The quantum beats are shown in the orthogonal system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10674025)the Funds from Fuzhou University
文摘This paper proposes a scheme for the generation of entangled coherent states for two cavity modes. In the scheme a V-type three-level atom is sent through a two-mode cavity filled with a coherent field. After the atom cavity interaction and detection of the atomic state the cavity modes may evolve to a superposition of two-mode coherent states. As the scheme is based on resonant atom-cavity interaction, the required interaction time is short, which is important in view of the decoherence. Moreover, additional classical pulses are unnecessary before and after the atom-cavlty interaction.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant Nos. 09JJ6011 and 11JJ6007the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Hunan Province under Grant Nos. 07C528 and 11C1057
文摘Abstract The reduced dynamics of a V-type three-level atom in a structure reservoir is presented, which has the exact solution in certain special condition. The Markovian and non-Markovian master equations for this composite system are solved and compared with the exact solution. The solving approach can be directly generalized to the solution of a V-type multilevel system dynamics interacting with a reservoir. The results further testify that these two kinds of master equations are exploited in different coupling regime, providing guidance for further application of these variants master equations to solve multilevel system dynamics without the exact solution.
基金Supported by the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No 1608085MA09the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11774262,61675006,11474003 and 61472282
文摘The single photon frequency conversion is investigated theoretically in the system composed of a V-type system chiral coupling to a pair of waveguides. The single photon scattering amplitudes are obtained using the real-space Hamiltonian. The calculated results show that the probability of single photon frequency down-or up-conversion can reach a unit by choosing appropriate parameters in the non-dissipative system with perfect chiral coupling.We present a nonreciprocal single photon beam splitter whose frequency of the output photon is different from that of the input photon. The influences of dissipations and non-perfect chiral coupling on the single frequency conversion are also shown. Our results may be useful in designing quantum devices at the single-photon level.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB806000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10875072)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
文摘Using numerical solution of the full Maxwell-Bloch equations, which is obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method and the iterative predictor-orrector method, we investigate the modulation effect of relative carrierenvelope phase （hereinafter referred to as the relative phase） on resonant propagation of two-colour femtosecond ultrashort laser pulses in a V-type three-level atomic medium. It is found that the pulse splitting occurs for a smaller value of relative phase; when the value of relative phase increases to a certain value, only the variation of pulse shape is present and the pulse splitting does not occur any more; moreover, when the value of relative phase is smaller, the pulse group velocity is larger. The relative phase also has an obvious effect on population and spectral property. Different population transfers can be realized by adjusting the value of relative phase. Generally speaking, for the pulses with smaller areas their spectral strengths and frequency ranges decrease obviously with the value of relative phase increasing; for the pulses with larger areas, with value of the relative phase increasing, their spectral strengths decrease remarkably but the relative strengths of the higher frequency components increase significantly, while the spectral frequency range is not varied evidently.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172148).
文摘This study developed a novel method to prepare high-adsorbency V-type porous starch(VPS)through the pullulanase hydrolysis of V-type maize starch(VS)in 45°%(v/v)ethanol-water solution.Unlike conventional applications where pullulanase fails to hydrolyze native starch to produce porous starch,we discovered that pullulanase retains 41.60°%relative activity in 45°% ethanol when V-type maize starch(VS)is used as the substrate.Key parameters were systematically optimized,with enzyme concentration identified as the dominant factor.Under optimal conditions(0.4°% enzyme,500 r/min stirring,and 2 h hydrolysis),the resulting VPS exhibited a high yield(80.81°%)and exceptional oil adsorption capacity(344.60°%).XRD analysis confirmed the improved V-type relative crystallinity,while SEM observations revealed VPS had a unique porous granular structure with nano-spherical particles attachment which may contribute to the high yield and oil adsorption capacity.Overall,pullulanase-catalyzed hydrolysis of VS in 45°% ethanol solution offers an efficient and scalable route to produce high oil-adsorptive VPS for versatile applications in food and pharmaceuticals industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172148).
文摘High V-type relative crystallinity(V_(RC))dextrin(HVD)was prepared by high-temperature acid-ethanol hydrolysis(HTAEH)of V-type granular starch(VGS).The influence factors including acid concentration,acidolysis tem-perature and acidolysis duration on HVD production were investigated along with the formation mechanism.HVD with the highest V_(RC)(45.15%)was prepared in 60%(v/v)ethanol at an HCl concentration of 2.0%(w/w),an acidolysis temperature of 95℃and an acidolysis duration of 30 min.Increasing V_(RC) during the first stage of HTAEH indicated that the V-type crystalline region of VGS was resistant to acid hydrolysis.The molecular weight of VGS was significantly decreased after 10 min~30 min of HTAEH but remained relatively constant thereafter.The increase in V_(RC) of HVD was due to acid hydrolysis of amylose(AM),and degraded AM with a peak degree of polymerisation of 107 was more easily to complex with ethanol.
文摘Lutein is a natural plant pigment with a variety of biological functions.However,its low stability and bioavailability limits its use in the food industry.The ethanol-alkaline(EA)method was utilized to manufacture V-type starch to examine its impact on the stability and release properties of the V-type starch-lutein composite system.The EA treatment increased the amylose content of natural starch and transformed its structure from a typical B-type structure to a more open V-type structure.The results showed that lutein could be efficiently loaded into V-type starch,and fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)revealed that hydrogen bonding interaction,in conjunction with helical cavities rather than surface adsorption,was responsible for the lutein loading by V-type starch.The designed loading system enhanced lutein’s photothermal stability,showing a two-fold increase compared to free lutein.V-type starch-lutein systems exhibited protection in gastric fluid and demonstrated sustained release post intestinal digestion.The findings had useful ramifications for the development of efficient delivery strategies for the encapsulation of lipophilic actives.
基金the financial support received from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302141/32272266)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD210020202/2021YFD210020404)Xiamen Science and Technology Project(3502Z20226018).
文摘Trimethylamine(TMA),which is known to severely affect consumer acceptance and application,is the main compound of sea cucumber intestinal peptides.Herein,different V-type crystalline starches(V_(6a/h),V_(7a/h),V_(8a/h))were prepared using high amylose maize starch for the adsorption of TMA.After analyzing the structure of Vtype starches,the V_(8^(-))type starch had a smaller and more evenly dispersed particles with additional surface pores and cracks,and reduced relative crystallinity compared with V_(6^(-))and V_(7^(-))type starch.The relative crystallinity of V_(_(6a)^(-)),V_(6h^(-)),V_(7a^(-)),V_(7h^(-)),V_(8a^(-)),and V_(8h^(-))type starches was 59.1%,51.8%,42.7%,41.3%,40.4%,and 40.1%,respectively.Adsorption models for V-type starches and TMA helped to analyze the adsorption kinetics characteristics and investigate the effect of different V-type starches on adsorption.Moreover,its adsorption kinetics process agreed with pseudo-second-order kinetic model(R^(2)>0.96).Note that different V-type starches demonstrate good adsorption effects on TMA,and the removal rate is as follows:V_(8h)>V_(8a)>V_(7h)>V_(7a)>V_(6h)>V_(6a).Herein,we used environmental protection and food-grade V-type starches to effectively adsorb TMA and ensure a theoretical foundation for enhancing the flavor and quality of functional seafoods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172148).
文摘This study reports on the preparation of high-adsorptive V-type starch(HAVS)through the hydrolysis of normal maize starch using thermal-stableα-amylase in a 40%(v/v)ethanol solution.The resulting HAVS was then utilized to produce powdered flaxseed oil(FO)via dry heating.HAVS prepared in 40%ethanol solution with 0.250%thermal-stableα-amylase(w/w,dry matter basis)at 90℃ for 90 min,yielding an oil adsorption rate of 308.15%.Single-factor experiments determined the optimal conditions for powdered FO production as an oil addition ratio of 130%(v/w),a heating temperature of 80℃ and a heating time of 10 min.In comparison,the maximum adsorption capacity of commercial porous starch(CPS)for FO under identical heating conditions was only 80%(v/w).XRD,DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that powdering of FO using HAVS as a carrier was through physical adsorption.Laser particle size analysis revealed that the powdered FO prepared with HAVS exhibited a more uniform particle size distribution compared to CPS.Storage stability tests demonstrated that HAVS significantly delayed the oxidative rancidity of FO,offering substantial protection.These findings suggest that HAVS is an effective carrier for FO,enhancing its stability and potentially its application in various industries.
文摘Realizing the teleportation of quantum state, especially the teleportation of N-qubit quantum state, is of great importance in quantum information. In this paper, Raman-interaction of the V-type degenerate three-level atom and single-mode cavity field is studied by utilizing complete quantum theory. Then a new scheme for teleporting N-qubit unknown atomic state via Raman-interaction of the V-type degenerate three-level atom with a single-mode cavity field is proposed, which is based upon the complete quantum theory mentioned above.
基金This work wass,IPPorted by theN战ional Natural Science foundation of China under Grant No.69978011 and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.Y2001A07.
文摘Our study shows that for the copropagating probing and driving fields, the gain without inversion doesn't monotonously decrease or increase with the increasement of Doppler width. When the driving field is resonant, at a suitable Doppler width, we can get a maximum value of the gain without inversion, which is much larger than that obtained when Doppler broadening is absent.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11504104,11447221,and 11274148)the Scientific Research Fundof Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.15C0539)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2015JJ6035)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Fostering Talents in Basic Research(No.11405052)the Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control(No.QSQC1409)
文摘An optomechanical cavity embedded with a V-type three-level atom is exploited to control single-photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide. The effects of the atom–cavity detuning, the optomechanical effect,the coupling strengths between the cavity and the atom or the waveguide, and the atomic dissipation on the single-photon transport properties are analyzed systematically. Interestingly, the single-photon transmission spectra show multiple double electromagnetically induced transparency. Moreover, the double electromagnetically induced transparency can be switched to a single one by tuning the atom–cavity detuning.
