This paper presents an advanced control strategy for DC-DC buck converters utilizing Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) representation combined with Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control, optimized through Linear Quadr...This paper presents an advanced control strategy for DC-DC buck converters utilizing Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) representation combined with Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control, optimized through Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design. The proposed approach leverages NMSS to eliminate the need for state observers, enhancing robustness against model mismatch and improving overall system performance. The PIP controller extends traditional PI control by incorporating additional dynamic feedback. Experimental results demonstrate that the NMSS-PIP-LQR controlled buck converter achieves excellent dynamic performance. The design procedure is fully documented, and microcontroller implementation issues are discussed.展开更多
The precondition of realizing feedback controlling DC DC converter to avoid chaotic state is to judge the behavior of the converter and take corresponding measures. In this paper, the output signals under different ci...The precondition of realizing feedback controlling DC DC converter to avoid chaotic state is to judge the behavior of the converter and take corresponding measures. In this paper, the output signals under different circuit parameters of the PWM buck converter have been analyzed. The method of using Fourier descriptor to extract output signals characteristics is put forward and proved to be a gist of identifying and classifying the behavior of DC DC converter. This method can establish a good foundation fo...展开更多
A mine-used multi-function serial signal converter is introduced.This converter is based on Ethernet.The core of this design is embedded microprocessor STM32F107VCT6.Embedded operation system μC/OS-Ⅱ is transplanted...A mine-used multi-function serial signal converter is introduced.This converter is based on Ethernet.The core of this design is embedded microprocessor STM32F107VCT6.Embedded operation system μC/OS-Ⅱ is transplanted into this converter,and light-weight Internet protocal （LwIP） stack is also embedded to realize mutual conversion of serial signals such as meter bus （M-Bus） signal,RS485 signal,RS232 signal and Ethernet signal.Interconnection between all kinds of monitoring system interfaces under coal mine can be formed easily,which can solve compatibility problem between monitoring system and communication system and improve overall performance of safety monitoring system.The designed multi-function serial signal converter is of great value for application,which is worthy to be popularized in coal mine safety production.展开更多
Microelectronic power converters such as buck and boost converter are required to be tolerant to radiations including electron radiation. This paper examines electron radiation effects on the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics of ...Microelectronic power converters such as buck and boost converter are required to be tolerant to radiations including electron radiation. This paper examines electron radiation effects on the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics of VDMOSFET and its corresponding effects in buck converter. Analysis of the electrical characteristics shows that after irradiation the threshold voltage and drain current for all VDMOSFETs degraded more than two orders of magnitude. The impact of this electrical degradation has been investigated in an application of typical buck converter circuit. The buck converter with n-channel switching transistor shows that after irradiation its output voltage increased with the drain current in the n-channel ZVN4424 A VDMOSFET, while the buck converter with p-channel switching transistor shows its output voltage decreased with the drain current in the p-channel ZVP4424 A VDMOSFET after irradiation.展开更多
Preparation of V2O5 from converter slag （CS） was investigated through roasting, leaching, extracting, and precipitating processes. The corresponding roles of the parameters during every procedure were analyzed in de...Preparation of V2O5 from converter slag （CS） was investigated through roasting, leaching, extracting, and precipitating processes. The corresponding roles of the parameters during every procedure were analyzed in detail. （NH4）2SO4 and KHSO4 were used as fusing agents to transform compounds containing vanadium into soluble species. Mass ratio of （NH4）2SO4 to CS, mass ratio of KHSO4 to CS, and roasting temperature during the roasting process can significantly influence leaching rate of vanadium （LRV）. With H2SO4 as leaching agent, 99.2 % vanadium in CS can be leached out under the optimum leaching conditions, which mainly refer to liquid-to-solid ratio, H2SO4 concentration, leaching temperature, and leaching time. Extracting and back-extracting processes were introduced to purify the vanadium from the H2SO4 lixivium. Extracting rate of vanadium （ERV） greatly depends on iron powder concentration, pH, diisooctyl phosphate （P2O4） content, volume ratio of extractant to H2SO4 lixivium, and extracting time. By adding ammonium hydroxide, 94.0 % vanadium in back-extracting solution can be separated in the form of precipitates. The product from the roasted precipitate mainly consists of V2O5, the content of which is higher than 90.0 %.展开更多
This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency o...This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency of timer output waveform which is measured using a digital storage oscillator(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the applied input voltage.Hence we obtain a linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the input voltage.Because of its quasi-digital output,the main advantages of this developed converter are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy portabilityand high cost performance.In addition,the timer output waveform can be directly interfaced with personal computer or microprocessor/microcontroller for further processing of the input voltage signal without intervening any analog-to-digital converter(ADC).展开更多
State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When c...State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When compared with ANFIS controllers,traditional controllers such as PI and PID show challenges.They may not sufficiently react to changing conditions or non-linearity’s and use fixed gain values requiring hand tuning.By means of learning,ANFIS controllers can thus dynamically change their parameters,so providing enhanced accuracy and flexibility in real-time control.The main objectives are to control the DC link voltage,lower total harmonic distortion(THD),and lower the errors.The Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF)transformation changes three-phase AC into a two-axis(d-q)system,making it easier to control active and reactive power separately.We developed a thorough Simulink model in MATLAB 2023a to model the bidirectional off-board fast charger at a power level of 60 kW.After validation,a 5-kW hardware prototype was built in the lab.The main platform is an AC-DC converter,followed by a DC-DC converter.A programmable DC power supply,Chroma 62050H-600S,connected to the DC-DC converter,mimics the dynamic characteristics of a battery.The control algorithm,deployed on a Spartan-6 LX9 FPGA,manages both voltage and current,maintaining a stable DC link voltage of 800 V.The results obtained indicate that the ANFIS controller outperforms a conventional PI controller when handling dynamic load variations.展开更多
Background:The JAK2^(V617F)mutation plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN),which includes polycythemia vera(PV),essential thrombocythemia(ET),and primary myelofibrosis(PMF)leadin...Background:The JAK2^(V617F)mutation plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN),which includes polycythemia vera(PV),essential thrombocythemia(ET),and primary myelofibrosis(PMF)leading to aberrant proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells.Alongside the challenges of drug resistance and side effects,identifying novel compounds that selectively target JAK2^(V617F)could provide more effective and safer therapeutic options for patients with MPNs.Materials and Methods:We employed computational approaches like high-throughput virtual screening,molecular dynamics simulations(MDS),and binding free energy calculations to identify inhibitors targeting wild and mutant JAK2 kinases.JAK2^(V617F)positive HEL,wild type JAK2 positive TF-1,and non-cancerous Vero cells were used for in vitro validations.Results:SBLJ23 emerged as a top candidate inhibitor with specificity for JAK2^(V617F).Protein-ligand interaction studies and MDS revealed stable interactions and binding of SBLJ23 over the simulation period,with Root Mean Square Deviation(RMSD)indicating consistent binding after 1t15ns.SBLJ23 displayed a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value of 522.4 nM against the JAK2 enzyme.The compound exhibited inhibition of cell proliferation in HEL and TF-1 cells,with half maximal cell growth inhibitory concentration(GI 50)values of 2.51 and 15.87μM,respectively.Moreover,SBLJ23 induced G 2/M cell cycle arrest in HEL cells to facilitate apoptosis in these cell lines.The compound significantly reduced the percentage of phospho JAK2 and phospho STAT3 in HEL cells.Conclusion:High binding affinity,stable interaction profile,favorable binding free energy,and in vitro validations claim SBLJ23 as a potential lead compound against JAK2^(V617F)and suggest further development and optimization towards clinical application in managing myeloproliferative neoplasms.展开更多
A discrete iterative map model of V^2C control boost converter was established to study the dynamical behaviors of the converter. By using parameter space map and bifurcation diagram, the effects of circuit parameters...A discrete iterative map model of V^2C control boost converter was established to study the dynamical behaviors of the converter. By using parameter space map and bifurcation diagram, the effects of circuit parameters on the bifurcation behaviors of V^2C control and current-mode control boost converters were analyzed. The phase portraits and time-domain waveforms of the V^2C control boost converter were obtained by Runge-Kutta algorithm through piecewise smooth switching model. The research results indicate that V^2C control boost converters can evolve into periodic and chaotic behaviors, and show weaker nonlinear behaviors than current-mode control boost converters.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an advanced control strategy for DC-DC buck converters utilizing Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) representation combined with Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control, optimized through Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design. The proposed approach leverages NMSS to eliminate the need for state observers, enhancing robustness against model mismatch and improving overall system performance. The PIP controller extends traditional PI control by incorporating additional dynamic feedback. Experimental results demonstrate that the NMSS-PIP-LQR controlled buck converter achieves excellent dynamic performance. The design procedure is fully documented, and microcontroller implementation issues are discussed.
文摘The precondition of realizing feedback controlling DC DC converter to avoid chaotic state is to judge the behavior of the converter and take corresponding measures. In this paper, the output signals under different circuit parameters of the PWM buck converter have been analyzed. The method of using Fourier descriptor to extract output signals characteristics is put forward and proved to be a gist of identifying and classifying the behavior of DC DC converter. This method can establish a good foundation fo...
文摘A mine-used multi-function serial signal converter is introduced.This converter is based on Ethernet.The core of this design is embedded microprocessor STM32F107VCT6.Embedded operation system μC/OS-Ⅱ is transplanted into this converter,and light-weight Internet protocal （LwIP） stack is also embedded to realize mutual conversion of serial signals such as meter bus （M-Bus） signal,RS485 signal,RS232 signal and Ethernet signal.Interconnection between all kinds of monitoring system interfaces under coal mine can be formed easily,which can solve compatibility problem between monitoring system and communication system and improve overall performance of safety monitoring system.The designed multi-function serial signal converter is of great value for application,which is worthy to be popularized in coal mine safety production.
基金funded by International Islamic University Malaysia(No.EDW B14-159-1044)
文摘Microelectronic power converters such as buck and boost converter are required to be tolerant to radiations including electron radiation. This paper examines electron radiation effects on the Ⅰ-Ⅴ characteristics of VDMOSFET and its corresponding effects in buck converter. Analysis of the electrical characteristics shows that after irradiation the threshold voltage and drain current for all VDMOSFETs degraded more than two orders of magnitude. The impact of this electrical degradation has been investigated in an application of typical buck converter circuit. The buck converter with n-channel switching transistor shows that after irradiation its output voltage increased with the drain current in the n-channel ZVN4424 A VDMOSFET, while the buck converter with p-channel switching transistor shows its output voltage decreased with the drain current in the p-channel ZVP4424 A VDMOSFET after irradiation.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (No. N130302004)the National Major International Cooperation Program of China (No. 2012DFR60210)+1 种基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA062304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51090384 and U1360204)
文摘Preparation of V2O5 from converter slag （CS） was investigated through roasting, leaching, extracting, and precipitating processes. The corresponding roles of the parameters during every procedure were analyzed in detail. （NH4）2SO4 and KHSO4 were used as fusing agents to transform compounds containing vanadium into soluble species. Mass ratio of （NH4）2SO4 to CS, mass ratio of KHSO4 to CS, and roasting temperature during the roasting process can significantly influence leaching rate of vanadium （LRV）. With H2SO4 as leaching agent, 99.2 % vanadium in CS can be leached out under the optimum leaching conditions, which mainly refer to liquid-to-solid ratio, H2SO4 concentration, leaching temperature, and leaching time. Extracting and back-extracting processes were introduced to purify the vanadium from the H2SO4 lixivium. Extracting rate of vanadium （ERV） greatly depends on iron powder concentration, pH, diisooctyl phosphate （P2O4） content, volume ratio of extractant to H2SO4 lixivium, and extracting time. By adding ammonium hydroxide, 94.0 % vanadium in back-extracting solution can be separated in the form of precipitates. The product from the roasted precipitate mainly consists of V2O5, the content of which is higher than 90.0 %.
文摘This paper describes the development of a timer based voltage to frequency converter(V FC).Timer LM555is used in astable multivibrator mode with two OPTO-LDRs(light dependent resistors)in the circuitry.The frequency of timer output waveform which is measured using a digital storage oscillator(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the applied input voltage.Hence we obtain a linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the input voltage.Because of its quasi-digital output,the main advantages of this developed converter are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy portabilityand high cost performance.In addition,the timer output waveform can be directly interfaced with personal computer or microprocessor/microcontroller for further processing of the input voltage signal without intervening any analog-to-digital converter(ADC).
基金the financial support provided by the Royal Academy of Engineering,UK(Project Reference No:TSP-2526-7102),which enabled the successful execution of this research work.
文摘State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When compared with ANFIS controllers,traditional controllers such as PI and PID show challenges.They may not sufficiently react to changing conditions or non-linearity’s and use fixed gain values requiring hand tuning.By means of learning,ANFIS controllers can thus dynamically change their parameters,so providing enhanced accuracy and flexibility in real-time control.The main objectives are to control the DC link voltage,lower total harmonic distortion(THD),and lower the errors.The Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF)transformation changes three-phase AC into a two-axis(d-q)system,making it easier to control active and reactive power separately.We developed a thorough Simulink model in MATLAB 2023a to model the bidirectional off-board fast charger at a power level of 60 kW.After validation,a 5-kW hardware prototype was built in the lab.The main platform is an AC-DC converter,followed by a DC-DC converter.A programmable DC power supply,Chroma 62050H-600S,connected to the DC-DC converter,mimics the dynamic characteristics of a battery.The control algorithm,deployed on a Spartan-6 LX9 FPGA,manages both voltage and current,maintaining a stable DC link voltage of 800 V.The results obtained indicate that the ANFIS controller outperforms a conventional PI controller when handling dynamic load variations.
文摘Background:The JAK2^(V617F)mutation plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN),which includes polycythemia vera(PV),essential thrombocythemia(ET),and primary myelofibrosis(PMF)leading to aberrant proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells.Alongside the challenges of drug resistance and side effects,identifying novel compounds that selectively target JAK2^(V617F)could provide more effective and safer therapeutic options for patients with MPNs.Materials and Methods:We employed computational approaches like high-throughput virtual screening,molecular dynamics simulations(MDS),and binding free energy calculations to identify inhibitors targeting wild and mutant JAK2 kinases.JAK2^(V617F)positive HEL,wild type JAK2 positive TF-1,and non-cancerous Vero cells were used for in vitro validations.Results:SBLJ23 emerged as a top candidate inhibitor with specificity for JAK2^(V617F).Protein-ligand interaction studies and MDS revealed stable interactions and binding of SBLJ23 over the simulation period,with Root Mean Square Deviation(RMSD)indicating consistent binding after 1t15ns.SBLJ23 displayed a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value of 522.4 nM against the JAK2 enzyme.The compound exhibited inhibition of cell proliferation in HEL and TF-1 cells,with half maximal cell growth inhibitory concentration(GI 50)values of 2.51 and 15.87μM,respectively.Moreover,SBLJ23 induced G 2/M cell cycle arrest in HEL cells to facilitate apoptosis in these cell lines.The compound significantly reduced the percentage of phospho JAK2 and phospho STAT3 in HEL cells.Conclusion:High binding affinity,stable interaction profile,favorable binding free energy,and in vitro validations claim SBLJ23 as a potential lead compound against JAK2^(V617F)and suggest further development and optimization towards clinical application in managing myeloproliferative neoplasms.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50677056)the Natural Science Foundations of Jiangsu Province (No.BK2009105)
文摘A discrete iterative map model of V^2C control boost converter was established to study the dynamical behaviors of the converter. By using parameter space map and bifurcation diagram, the effects of circuit parameters on the bifurcation behaviors of V^2C control and current-mode control boost converters were analyzed. The phase portraits and time-domain waveforms of the V^2C control boost converter were obtained by Runge-Kutta algorithm through piecewise smooth switching model. The research results indicate that V^2C control boost converters can evolve into periodic and chaotic behaviors, and show weaker nonlinear behaviors than current-mode control boost converters.
