Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the lis...Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the listeners. According to compare with the traditional approaches the thesis points out; the context-dependence method is well applied to the understanding of all metaphorical utterances. Only when you grasp the whole meaning of the context,can you know the specific meaning of each sentence.展开更多
Meaning in the learning of a language is communicated in many different forms. All meaning is communicated in some form of context and the only way to understanding them is in context. In the learning of English, unde...Meaning in the learning of a language is communicated in many different forms. All meaning is communicated in some form of context and the only way to understanding them is in context. In the learning of English, understanding the cultural context is the most effective way to learn real meaning and to read, write and speak competently.展开更多
Humorous utterances,especially those in the form of conversation in life,have distinctive pragmatic features.There is a close relationship between humor and pragmatics,which can be found in various books on pragmatics...Humorous utterances,especially those in the form of conversation in life,have distinctive pragmatic features.There is a close relationship between humor and pragmatics,which can be found in various books on pragmatics.In those books,humorous utterances function as examples for pragmatic analysis.Effective humorous languages often reflect one or several pragmatic features.This paper specifically introduces one of the important theories of pragmatics:cooperative principle,by which the paper analyzes the humorous utterance and explores the relationship between pragmatic rules and humorous utterance.The purpose is to make people know humorous utterance is a matter of pragmatics. The reality of the humor especially depends on implication of the language and the context.展开更多
According to different angles of semantics and pragmatics,meaning can be divided into two kinds:Sentence Meaning(SM) and Utterance Meaning(UM).This paper intends to discuss some problems of SM and UM.
The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social probl...The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social problems that are shrunk into personal problems.This article aims to examine how she uses the schizophrenic utterances to illustrate the failure of her love affair differently.展开更多
Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitnes...Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitness of utterance in view of its sound features.展开更多
Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children...Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.展开更多
Italicized word in character utterance, which indicates that extra stress is put on the word, is meant to convey implied meanings and therefore should be given adequate attention in the translation of novels. Through ...Italicized word in character utterance, which indicates that extra stress is put on the word, is meant to convey implied meanings and therefore should be given adequate attention in the translation of novels. Through a comparative case study of three Chinese versions of Pride and prejudice, the thesis points out that stress attached to words is often neglected in translation and that a literal rendition of stress runs the risk of changing, deleting the original meaning conveyed or adding meanings unwanted by the character and the novelist. The problem can be solved by employing lexical and syntactic means in translation.展开更多
Each utterance occurs in different situational context.Situational context imposes constraints on communication by providing a common ground for uttering.Owing to it,speaker is limited to make contextual appropriate u...Each utterance occurs in different situational context.Situational context imposes constraints on communication by providing a common ground for uttering.Owing to it,speaker is limited to make contextual appropriate utterances according to the environment in which the communication is going on.展开更多
As one of the leading roles in TV series The Big Bang Theory,Sheldon Cooper is very popular among young people.One of thefactors that have contributed to his popularity may be his odd utterances.What he says usually m...As one of the leading roles in TV series The Big Bang Theory,Sheldon Cooper is very popular among young people.One of thefactors that have contributed to his popularity may be his odd utterances.What he says usually makes people around him feel award anduncomfortable,which yet makes audience laugh.That happens when he neglects the application of adaptation theory in conversations.Sheldon's odd utterances are going to be analyzed from the perspective of communicative context and linguistic context in context adap-tation which is a part of adaptation theory.Specifically,Sheldon neglects the social world as in hearers' status and culture,and mentalworld as in hearers' emotion and belief in conversations,and he also neglects the discourse cohesion.All these factors make his utter-ances odd and inappropriate.展开更多
This paper discusses the function of context in utterance interpretation.In speech communication,context plays a very important role in expressing utterance meaning appropriately and understanding that precisely.Conte...This paper discusses the function of context in utterance interpretation.In speech communication,context plays a very important role in expressing utterance meaning appropriately and understanding that precisely.Context can be classified into three kinds,which is context of utterance,context of situation,and context of culture.Each has its own function in interpreting utterance.On one hand,the understanding of utterance-meaning relies a lot on the context,without which the utterance meaning cannot be fully interpreted.On the other hand,context gives some restrictions to the choice of utterance in a certain communication.Moreover,all the ambiguities of utterance can be cleared up through the context.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between situation-bound utterances （SBUs thereafter） and formulaic competence, focusing on the acquisition of three subcategories of SBUs among early intermediate and early a...This study investigated the relationship between situation-bound utterances （SBUs thereafter） and formulaic competence, focusing on the acquisition of three subcategories of SBUs among early intermediate and early advanced Chinese learners of English as a foreign language （EFL）. A group of native English speakers also participated in this study to provide baseline data. One-way ANOVA analysis and post hoc tests confirmed that linguistic competence usually preceded formulaic competence for EFL learners. The findings also showed no statistically significant difference existing between the three groups of participants in the use of plain SBUs, and this could be attributed to the low degree of cultural-embeddedness and high semantic transparency of plain SBUs. It was further argued that a threshold has to be reached for EFL learners to go through a movement from rules to wholes.展开更多
On September 20,the Sixth Board of Directors of Zhejiang Hailiang Co.,Ltd convened third meeting,which reviewed and approved the'Proposal on Accelerating Implementation of Industrial Upgrading,Expanding Production...On September 20,the Sixth Board of Directors of Zhejiang Hailiang Co.,Ltd convened third meeting,which reviewed and approved the'Proposal on Accelerating Implementation of Industrial Upgrading,Expanding Production Scale,Optimizing Production Layout,in Order to Meet the Strategic Target of Becoming the World’s Most Powerful Copper Tube Manufacturer at the Earliest Possible Time'.展开更多
Due to the increasing opportunities for face-to-face communication, students should be able to understand utterances in a particular context. Grice’s conversational implicature theory, mainly consisting of the cooper...Due to the increasing opportunities for face-to-face communication, students should be able to understand utterances in a particular context. Grice’s conversational implicature theory, mainly consisting of the cooperative principle and the maxims, purports to explain what is conveyed by an utterance. Austin and Searle’s speech act theories contribute to the functional explanation of language and explore the illocutionary acts beyond the literal meaning of utterances. With these theories as the theoretical framework, the author proposes a way to improve students’ ability to interpret utterances, that is, teaching theories of conversational implicature and speech act, creating an appropriate and plausible context and inculcating cultural knowledge of the target language.展开更多
任务的目的是识别对话中的关键信息并生成一段简短的文本.由于对话具有非正式化和动态交互性质,导致对话文本信息稀疏、关键信息分散.然而,现有模型未能实现对对话中主题特征信息的有效挖掘,缺乏对核心话语的识别,忽略了附加特征融合过...任务的目的是识别对话中的关键信息并生成一段简短的文本.由于对话具有非正式化和动态交互性质,导致对话文本信息稀疏、关键信息分散.然而,现有模型未能实现对对话中主题特征信息的有效挖掘,缺乏对核心话语的识别,忽略了附加特征融合过程中的噪声问题.针对上述问题,本文提出一种结合主题挖掘与话语中心性的对话摘要模型DS-TMUC(Dialogue Summarization model combining Topic Mining and Utterance Centrality).首先,提出一种主题特征提取模块,该模块引入嵌入式主题模型来有效地挖掘对话中可解释的潜在主题信息,为抽象对话摘要过程提供更丰富的语义信息.其次,提出一种特征动态融合模块,设计特征感知网络为融合特征去除噪声以增强特征的表征能力,利用多头注意力捕捉特征之间的语义关联性,并且使用门控机制进行过滤融合,从而增强特征之间的有效融合.再次,提出一种话语赋权模块,设计无监督聚类方法计算话语中心性权重为话语赋权,通过引导模型选择核心话语,进而提高模型对对话上下文建模的有效性.在SAMSum和DialogSum数据集上的实验结果表明,DS-TMUC模型的总体性能优于对比模型.展开更多
文摘Metaphor utterance is different from any other kind of general utterances,the meaning of which is more complicated and mild. Metaphoric utterance is also precise and vivid,which can create a deep impression on the listeners. According to compare with the traditional approaches the thesis points out; the context-dependence method is well applied to the understanding of all metaphorical utterances. Only when you grasp the whole meaning of the context,can you know the specific meaning of each sentence.
文摘Meaning in the learning of a language is communicated in many different forms. All meaning is communicated in some form of context and the only way to understanding them is in context. In the learning of English, understanding the cultural context is the most effective way to learn real meaning and to read, write and speak competently.
文摘Humorous utterances,especially those in the form of conversation in life,have distinctive pragmatic features.There is a close relationship between humor and pragmatics,which can be found in various books on pragmatics.In those books,humorous utterances function as examples for pragmatic analysis.Effective humorous languages often reflect one or several pragmatic features.This paper specifically introduces one of the important theories of pragmatics:cooperative principle,by which the paper analyzes the humorous utterance and explores the relationship between pragmatic rules and humorous utterance.The purpose is to make people know humorous utterance is a matter of pragmatics. The reality of the humor especially depends on implication of the language and the context.
文摘According to different angles of semantics and pragmatics,meaning can be divided into two kinds:Sentence Meaning(SM) and Utterance Meaning(UM).This paper intends to discuss some problems of SM and UM.
文摘The novel I Love Dick,written by Chris Kraus,discusses the“least described”social problem.The novel starts with describing Chris’s love affair.Her love affair is narrated with her illustrations of some social problems that are shrunk into personal problems.This article aims to examine how she uses the schizophrenic utterances to illustrate the failure of her love affair differently.
文摘Three pragmatic theories in terms of two properties of utterance-explicitness and implicitness are surveyed, with a general commentary and a proposal of further development in the study of explicitness and implicitness of utterance in view of its sound features.
文摘Language as a means of communication is represented in two basic forms, written and spoken. Spoken is the first form mastered by language speaker, particularly children. Speech community consists of adult and children. In producing their utterance, children are supposed to be affected by their parents. As a result of different educational background of their parents, children may produce different utterances including refusal. Children from different parents＇ educational background vary their refusal. The tendency that the higher parents＇ educational background will result the more polite refusal produced by children is not proved.
文摘Italicized word in character utterance, which indicates that extra stress is put on the word, is meant to convey implied meanings and therefore should be given adequate attention in the translation of novels. Through a comparative case study of three Chinese versions of Pride and prejudice, the thesis points out that stress attached to words is often neglected in translation and that a literal rendition of stress runs the risk of changing, deleting the original meaning conveyed or adding meanings unwanted by the character and the novelist. The problem can be solved by employing lexical and syntactic means in translation.
文摘Each utterance occurs in different situational context.Situational context imposes constraints on communication by providing a common ground for uttering.Owing to it,speaker is limited to make contextual appropriate utterances according to the environment in which the communication is going on.
文摘As one of the leading roles in TV series The Big Bang Theory,Sheldon Cooper is very popular among young people.One of thefactors that have contributed to his popularity may be his odd utterances.What he says usually makes people around him feel award anduncomfortable,which yet makes audience laugh.That happens when he neglects the application of adaptation theory in conversations.Sheldon's odd utterances are going to be analyzed from the perspective of communicative context and linguistic context in context adap-tation which is a part of adaptation theory.Specifically,Sheldon neglects the social world as in hearers' status and culture,and mentalworld as in hearers' emotion and belief in conversations,and he also neglects the discourse cohesion.All these factors make his utter-ances odd and inappropriate.
文摘This paper discusses the function of context in utterance interpretation.In speech communication,context plays a very important role in expressing utterance meaning appropriately and understanding that precisely.Context can be classified into three kinds,which is context of utterance,context of situation,and context of culture.Each has its own function in interpreting utterance.On one hand,the understanding of utterance-meaning relies a lot on the context,without which the utterance meaning cannot be fully interpreted.On the other hand,context gives some restrictions to the choice of utterance in a certain communication.Moreover,all the ambiguities of utterance can be cleared up through the context.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.15BYY100)the China Scholarship Council~~
文摘This study investigated the relationship between situation-bound utterances （SBUs thereafter） and formulaic competence, focusing on the acquisition of three subcategories of SBUs among early intermediate and early advanced Chinese learners of English as a foreign language （EFL）. A group of native English speakers also participated in this study to provide baseline data. One-way ANOVA analysis and post hoc tests confirmed that linguistic competence usually preceded formulaic competence for EFL learners. The findings also showed no statistically significant difference existing between the three groups of participants in the use of plain SBUs, and this could be attributed to the low degree of cultural-embeddedness and high semantic transparency of plain SBUs. It was further argued that a threshold has to be reached for EFL learners to go through a movement from rules to wholes.
文摘On September 20,the Sixth Board of Directors of Zhejiang Hailiang Co.,Ltd convened third meeting,which reviewed and approved the'Proposal on Accelerating Implementation of Industrial Upgrading,Expanding Production Scale,Optimizing Production Layout,in Order to Meet the Strategic Target of Becoming the World’s Most Powerful Copper Tube Manufacturer at the Earliest Possible Time'.
文摘Due to the increasing opportunities for face-to-face communication, students should be able to understand utterances in a particular context. Grice’s conversational implicature theory, mainly consisting of the cooperative principle and the maxims, purports to explain what is conveyed by an utterance. Austin and Searle’s speech act theories contribute to the functional explanation of language and explore the illocutionary acts beyond the literal meaning of utterances. With these theories as the theoretical framework, the author proposes a way to improve students’ ability to interpret utterances, that is, teaching theories of conversational implicature and speech act, creating an appropriate and plausible context and inculcating cultural knowledge of the target language.
文摘任务的目的是识别对话中的关键信息并生成一段简短的文本.由于对话具有非正式化和动态交互性质,导致对话文本信息稀疏、关键信息分散.然而,现有模型未能实现对对话中主题特征信息的有效挖掘,缺乏对核心话语的识别,忽略了附加特征融合过程中的噪声问题.针对上述问题,本文提出一种结合主题挖掘与话语中心性的对话摘要模型DS-TMUC(Dialogue Summarization model combining Topic Mining and Utterance Centrality).首先,提出一种主题特征提取模块,该模块引入嵌入式主题模型来有效地挖掘对话中可解释的潜在主题信息,为抽象对话摘要过程提供更丰富的语义信息.其次,提出一种特征动态融合模块,设计特征感知网络为融合特征去除噪声以增强特征的表征能力,利用多头注意力捕捉特征之间的语义关联性,并且使用门控机制进行过滤融合,从而增强特征之间的有效融合.再次,提出一种话语赋权模块,设计无监督聚类方法计算话语中心性权重为话语赋权,通过引导模型选择核心话语,进而提高模型对对话上下文建模的有效性.在SAMSum和DialogSum数据集上的实验结果表明,DS-TMUC模型的总体性能优于对比模型.
