In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is ...In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.展开更多
report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropos...report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.展开更多
It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis jav...It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).展开更多
CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development o...CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.展开更多
The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically in...The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically investigated.The structural characteristics and nickel anchoring capacity were analyzed using XRD,BET,FT-IR,H2-TPR,and ICP-OES.The results demonstrated that the crystallization temperature significantly affected the framework order of SBA-15 and the surface anchoring efficiency of Ni ions.The nickel utilization efficiency increased from 8.4%at 80℃ to 60.49%at 140℃,but then decreased to 47.25%at 160℃,indicating an optimal crystallization temperature window.This provides crucial guidance for tailoring high-performance metal-doped molecular sieves.The optimal catalyst exhibited excellent performance in the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol(BYD):the BYD conversion reached 97.25%with 88.99%selectivity of 1,4-butenediol(BED)within 5 h,and reached 99.73%with 87.34%selectivity of 1,4-butanediol(BDO)after 20 h reaction.These results revealed the critical role of crystallization temperature in metal utilization and provided theoretical support for designing highly active molecular sieve catalysts.展开更多
Citrus is the world's most produced fruit.With the rapid growth of citrus cultivation and processing industries globally,the volume of by-products,including dropped fruits,defective fruits,and waste generated duri...Citrus is the world's most produced fruit.With the rapid growth of citrus cultivation and processing industries globally,the volume of by-products,including dropped fruits,defective fruits,and waste generated during processing,has surged.Consequently,resource wastage and environmental pollution due to the low utilization rate of these by-products have become increasingly prominent issues.Currently,citrus by-products are directly utilized as seasonings,tea,and traditional Chinese medicine,or for the extraction of pectin,flavonoids,carotenoids,limonoids,essential oils,synephrine,and other functional ingredients.They are also processed into ethanol,citric acid,feed,and organic fertilizer through biomass fermentation.Despite these applications,the overall utilization rate of citrus by-products remains low.Additionally,there is a lack of key technologies and core equipment,and the production of high value-added functional products is limited.The future direction for citrus by-product utilization lies in green,low-carbon,high-efficiency,and high-value comprehensive recycling.To address the serious environmental pollution and recycling challenges posed by citrus rotting,it is proposed for the first time to develop new products and mold prevention strategies throughout the entire citrus supply chain-"Planting-field management-harvesting-transportation-storage"-to achieve a circular economy approach.This strategy aims to"Take from citrus and give back to citrus"effectively preventing and reducing citrus rotting.Furthermore,it can mitigate the significant economic losses caused by fruit decay and provide insights into the high-quality development of comprehensive citrus by-product utilization.展开更多
A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon cap...A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),which will come into effect on July 1,2026.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
The existing 2D settlement monitoring systems for utility tunnels are heavily reliant on manual interpretation of deformation data and empirical predictionmodels.Consequently,early anomalies(e.g.,minor cracks)are ofte...The existing 2D settlement monitoring systems for utility tunnels are heavily reliant on manual interpretation of deformation data and empirical predictionmodels.Consequently,early anomalies(e.g.,minor cracks)are often misjudged,and warnings lag by about 24 h without automated spatial localization.This study establishes a technical framework for requirements analysis,architectural design,and data-integration protocols.Revit parametric modelling is used to build a 3D tunnel model with structural elements,pipelines and 18 monitoring points(for displacement and joint width).Custom Revit API code integrated real-time sensor data into the BIM platform via an automated pipeline.The system achieved a spatial accuracy of±1 mm in locating deformation hotspots.Notifications are triggered within 10 s of anomaly detection,and the system renders 3D risk propagation paths in real-time.Realtime 3D visualization of risk propagation paths is also facilitated.The efficacy of the solution was validated in a Ningbo utility tunnel project,where it was demonstrated that it eliminates human-dependent judgment errors and reduces warning latency by 99.9%compared to conventional methods.The BIM-IoT integrated approach,which enables millimetre-level precision in risk identification and near-instantaneous response,establishes a new paradigm for intelligent infrastructure safety management.展开更多
Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biolo...Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biological nano-/micro-/meso-scale manufacturing provide complementary approaches to overcome key space exploration challenges by enabling the in-situ production of essential life-support materials,propellants,and other resources.This review examines the origin and historical evolution of space manufacturing and the latest advances across different environments—from orbital space stations and the lunar surface to Mars and asteroids.It is structured to present the current state of research,outline key manufacturing strategies and technologies,assess the technical and environmental challenges,and discuss emerging trends and future directions.Besides,the potential applications of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence in overcoming the limitations of microgravity,limited resources,and extreme conditions are discussed.Ultimately,this integrative review could serve to guide future development,from advancing space science and disruptive manufacturing to enabling interdisciplinary and application-level innovations.展开更多
Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the bi...Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.展开更多
Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the contr...Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.展开更多
Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during th...Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.展开更多
Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating p...Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating packed bed(RPB)in premixing and crystallization on crystallinity and RE utilization rate was further investigated.The results indicate that lanthanide(La)cations are successfully introduced into the sodalite cage of Y-type zeolite.The optimized conditions are that the molar ratio of Si/La is 150,premixing for 5 h,crystallization at 90℃ for 18 h,and calcination at 550℃ for 3.5 h.At this stage,the RE utilization rate reaches 74.5%.Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor(STR),RPB can effectively shorten the premixing time and crystallization time by 4.3 h and 6 h,improve the crystallinity by 23%and RE utilization rate by 7.5%.The RE utilization rate is more than 80%by RPB,surpassing the effectiveness of using the one-exchange one-calcination process in the traditional liquid ion exchange process.It is expected to provide a reference for the in-situ efficient and green synthesis of RE zeolite.展开更多
Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To eluci...Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.展开更多
CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because ...CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].展开更多
The construction of lunar bases represents a crucial goal for long-term human residence on the Moon and future deep-space exploration. Vacuum sintering of lunar regolith for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU) is consi...The construction of lunar bases represents a crucial goal for long-term human residence on the Moon and future deep-space exploration. Vacuum sintering of lunar regolith for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU) is considered one of the most feasible strategies for early lunar infrastructure development. However, the extreme temperature fluctuations on the lunar surface pose potential threats to the structural stability of sintered regolith materials. To investigate the mechanical deterioration and damage mechanism of vacuum-sintered lunar regolith under extreme cryogenic-thermal cycling, lunar regolith simulants are used to fabricate specimens through vacuum sintering. A series of cryogenic-thermal cycling tests is designed, combined with uniaxial compression and X-ray CT scanning, to systematically analyze their macro-micro responses. The results show that with increasing extreme cryogenic-thermal cycles, the stress-strain curves evolve from typical brittle failure to quasiductile behavior, with uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decreasing by approximately 33.86% and 61.98%, respectively. CT analyses reveal that the pore structure transforms from isolated pores to connected networks, with the pore volume fraction increasing from 13.33% to 22.64%, and the fractal dimension increases from 2.465 to 2.544, and stabilizes after multiple cycles. A significant negative correlation(R^(2)> 0.96) exists between pore structural complexity and mechanical performance. Based on these findings, a thermal fatigue damage mechanism dominated by thermal stress concentration due to mismatched thermal expansion coefficients among mineral phases is proposed. This study provides scientific insights for the design, durability evaluation, and ISRU-based construction of lunar surface infrastructure.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
Understanding the interaction of Martian rocks and the environment is conducive to Mars in situ resource utilization(ISRU) and the search for natural H_(2) reservoirs. Here, we report an interesting finding: using a r...Understanding the interaction of Martian rocks and the environment is conducive to Mars in situ resource utilization(ISRU) and the search for natural H_(2) reservoirs. Here, we report an interesting finding: using a real Martian meteorite(NWA13190) and within Mars' temperature range(25℃), we confirmed spontaneous hydrogen generation from the reaction of water, CO_(2), and Martian rock—no external energy or catalysts required. The reaction produced hydrogen at ~4 ppm/day, stabilizing after 9 days, alongside newly formed carbonate and sulfate minerals absent in the original meteorite. Mechanistic analyses using XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), M??ssbauer spectroscopy, and FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed that Fe^(2+) in Fe TiO_(3) and FeS_(2)(not pyroxene) oxidized to Fe^(3+), driving water reduction to hydrogen. The buffer effect of CO_(2) sustained acidic conditions, enhancing Fe^(2+) release and H_(2) production. These results align with in situ Mars detections(e.g., Ca-sulfate veins by Curiosity). Compared with energy-intensive electrolysis-based ISRU, this geological process offers a more efficient H_(2) production pathway. It also provides theoretical support for natural hydrogen reservoirs on Mars and simultaneously advances understanding of Mars' early atmospheric evolution and potential life-supporting environments.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
文摘In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.
文摘report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.
文摘It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106150)。
文摘CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.
文摘The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically investigated.The structural characteristics and nickel anchoring capacity were analyzed using XRD,BET,FT-IR,H2-TPR,and ICP-OES.The results demonstrated that the crystallization temperature significantly affected the framework order of SBA-15 and the surface anchoring efficiency of Ni ions.The nickel utilization efficiency increased from 8.4%at 80℃ to 60.49%at 140℃,but then decreased to 47.25%at 160℃,indicating an optimal crystallization temperature window.This provides crucial guidance for tailoring high-performance metal-doped molecular sieves.The optimal catalyst exhibited excellent performance in the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol(BYD):the BYD conversion reached 97.25%with 88.99%selectivity of 1,4-butenediol(BED)within 5 h,and reached 99.73%with 87.34%selectivity of 1,4-butanediol(BDO)after 20 h reaction.These results revealed the critical role of crystallization temperature in metal utilization and provided theoretical support for designing highly active molecular sieve catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104340)。
文摘Citrus is the world's most produced fruit.With the rapid growth of citrus cultivation and processing industries globally,the volume of by-products,including dropped fruits,defective fruits,and waste generated during processing,has surged.Consequently,resource wastage and environmental pollution due to the low utilization rate of these by-products have become increasingly prominent issues.Currently,citrus by-products are directly utilized as seasonings,tea,and traditional Chinese medicine,or for the extraction of pectin,flavonoids,carotenoids,limonoids,essential oils,synephrine,and other functional ingredients.They are also processed into ethanol,citric acid,feed,and organic fertilizer through biomass fermentation.Despite these applications,the overall utilization rate of citrus by-products remains low.Additionally,there is a lack of key technologies and core equipment,and the production of high value-added functional products is limited.The future direction for citrus by-product utilization lies in green,low-carbon,high-efficiency,and high-value comprehensive recycling.To address the serious environmental pollution and recycling challenges posed by citrus rotting,it is proposed for the first time to develop new products and mold prevention strategies throughout the entire citrus supply chain-"Planting-field management-harvesting-transportation-storage"-to achieve a circular economy approach.This strategy aims to"Take from citrus and give back to citrus"effectively preventing and reducing citrus rotting.Furthermore,it can mitigate the significant economic losses caused by fruit decay and provide insights into the high-quality development of comprehensive citrus by-product utilization.
文摘A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),which will come into effect on July 1,2026.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Projects of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.Y202454744)the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2024S077)+1 种基金International Sci-tech Cooperation Projects under the“Innovation Yongjiang 2035”Key R&D Programme(No.2024H019)the Ningbo Key R&D Program(Grant No.2024Z287).
文摘The existing 2D settlement monitoring systems for utility tunnels are heavily reliant on manual interpretation of deformation data and empirical predictionmodels.Consequently,early anomalies(e.g.,minor cracks)are often misjudged,and warnings lag by about 24 h without automated spatial localization.This study establishes a technical framework for requirements analysis,architectural design,and data-integration protocols.Revit parametric modelling is used to build a 3D tunnel model with structural elements,pipelines and 18 monitoring points(for displacement and joint width).Custom Revit API code integrated real-time sensor data into the BIM platform via an automated pipeline.The system achieved a spatial accuracy of±1 mm in locating deformation hotspots.Notifications are triggered within 10 s of anomaly detection,and the system renders 3D risk propagation paths in real-time.Realtime 3D visualization of risk propagation paths is also facilitated.The efficacy of the solution was validated in a Ningbo utility tunnel project,where it was demonstrated that it eliminates human-dependent judgment errors and reduces warning latency by 99.9%compared to conventional methods.The BIM-IoT integrated approach,which enables millimetre-level precision in risk identification and near-instantaneous response,establishes a new paradigm for intelligent infrastructure safety management.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016).
文摘Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biological nano-/micro-/meso-scale manufacturing provide complementary approaches to overcome key space exploration challenges by enabling the in-situ production of essential life-support materials,propellants,and other resources.This review examines the origin and historical evolution of space manufacturing and the latest advances across different environments—from orbital space stations and the lunar surface to Mars and asteroids.It is structured to present the current state of research,outline key manufacturing strategies and technologies,assess the technical and environmental challenges,and discuss emerging trends and future directions.Besides,the potential applications of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence in overcoming the limitations of microgravity,limited resources,and extreme conditions are discussed.Ultimately,this integrative review could serve to guide future development,from advancing space science and disruptive manufacturing to enabling interdisciplinary and application-level innovations.
基金supported by CARS(CARS-21),the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032)the Science and Technology Department of Xizang(XZ202401ZY0020)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFH0044,2023YFH0018)the Sichuan Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JDJQ0006)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(19ZX7117,21ZX7116).
文摘Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation-Special Program on Biodiversity(2023B0303050001).
文摘Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.
文摘Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.
基金supported by the NationalKey Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1507701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6011,22288102)“Announcement and Challenge”Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJKJTJBGS-2023).
文摘Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating packed bed(RPB)in premixing and crystallization on crystallinity and RE utilization rate was further investigated.The results indicate that lanthanide(La)cations are successfully introduced into the sodalite cage of Y-type zeolite.The optimized conditions are that the molar ratio of Si/La is 150,premixing for 5 h,crystallization at 90℃ for 18 h,and calcination at 550℃ for 3.5 h.At this stage,the RE utilization rate reaches 74.5%.Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor(STR),RPB can effectively shorten the premixing time and crystallization time by 4.3 h and 6 h,improve the crystallinity by 23%and RE utilization rate by 7.5%.The RE utilization rate is more than 80%by RPB,surpassing the effectiveness of using the one-exchange one-calcination process in the traditional liquid ion exchange process.It is expected to provide a reference for the in-situ efficient and green synthesis of RE zeolite.
基金supported by the Young Student Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.525B2139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3711300 and 2021YFF0500301)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(No.KJZ-YYWCL404)。
文摘Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.
文摘CO_(2)utilization powered by sustainable energy offers a promising route to mitigate carbon emissions while producing value-added chemicals[1].Among these pathways,CO_(2)hydrogenation is especially attractive because it integrates renewable H 2 with carbon resources,which have achieved notable success in producing methanol,CO,etc.[2,3].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U23A6018,42362034)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China (Grant No.202401AS070068)。
文摘The construction of lunar bases represents a crucial goal for long-term human residence on the Moon and future deep-space exploration. Vacuum sintering of lunar regolith for in-situ resource utilization(ISRU) is considered one of the most feasible strategies for early lunar infrastructure development. However, the extreme temperature fluctuations on the lunar surface pose potential threats to the structural stability of sintered regolith materials. To investigate the mechanical deterioration and damage mechanism of vacuum-sintered lunar regolith under extreme cryogenic-thermal cycling, lunar regolith simulants are used to fabricate specimens through vacuum sintering. A series of cryogenic-thermal cycling tests is designed, combined with uniaxial compression and X-ray CT scanning, to systematically analyze their macro-micro responses. The results show that with increasing extreme cryogenic-thermal cycles, the stress-strain curves evolve from typical brittle failure to quasiductile behavior, with uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus decreasing by approximately 33.86% and 61.98%, respectively. CT analyses reveal that the pore structure transforms from isolated pores to connected networks, with the pore volume fraction increasing from 13.33% to 22.64%, and the fractal dimension increases from 2.465 to 2.544, and stabilizes after multiple cycles. A significant negative correlation(R^(2)> 0.96) exists between pore structural complexity and mechanical performance. Based on these findings, a thermal fatigue damage mechanism dominated by thermal stress concentration due to mismatched thermal expansion coefficients among mineral phases is proposed. This study provides scientific insights for the design, durability evaluation, and ISRU-based construction of lunar surface infrastructure.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41807188,42402285,51978537,52270165)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2042021kf0201)Start-up Fund for Distinguished Scholars,Wuhan University (Grant Nos.1403-413100041,1403-600460022)。
文摘Understanding the interaction of Martian rocks and the environment is conducive to Mars in situ resource utilization(ISRU) and the search for natural H_(2) reservoirs. Here, we report an interesting finding: using a real Martian meteorite(NWA13190) and within Mars' temperature range(25℃), we confirmed spontaneous hydrogen generation from the reaction of water, CO_(2), and Martian rock—no external energy or catalysts required. The reaction produced hydrogen at ~4 ppm/day, stabilizing after 9 days, alongside newly formed carbonate and sulfate minerals absent in the original meteorite. Mechanistic analyses using XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), M??ssbauer spectroscopy, and FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed that Fe^(2+) in Fe TiO_(3) and FeS_(2)(not pyroxene) oxidized to Fe^(3+), driving water reduction to hydrogen. The buffer effect of CO_(2) sustained acidic conditions, enhancing Fe^(2+) release and H_(2) production. These results align with in situ Mars detections(e.g., Ca-sulfate veins by Curiosity). Compared with energy-intensive electrolysis-based ISRU, this geological process offers a more efficient H_(2) production pathway. It also provides theoretical support for natural hydrogen reservoirs on Mars and simultaneously advances understanding of Mars' early atmospheric evolution and potential life-supporting environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
