In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is ...In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.展开更多
report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropos...report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.展开更多
It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis jav...It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).展开更多
Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the bi...Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.展开更多
CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development o...CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.展开更多
The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically in...The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically investigated.The structural characteristics and nickel anchoring capacity were analyzed using XRD,BET,FT-IR,H2-TPR,and ICP-OES.The results demonstrated that the crystallization temperature significantly affected the framework order of SBA-15 and the surface anchoring efficiency of Ni ions.The nickel utilization efficiency increased from 8.4%at 80℃to 60.49%at 140℃,but then decreased to 47.25%at 160℃,indicating an optimal crystallization temperature window.This provides crucial guidance for tailoring high-performance metal-doped molecular sieves.The optimal catalyst exhibited excellent performance in the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol(BYD):the BYD conversion reached 97.25%with 88.99%selectivity of 1,4-butenediol(BED)within 5 h,and reached 99.73%with 87.34%selectivity of 1,4-butanediol(BDO)after 20 h reaction.These results revealed the critical role of crystallization temperature in metal utilization and provided theoretical support for designing highly active molecular sieve catalysts.展开更多
A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon cap...A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),which will come into effect on July 1,2026.展开更多
Switched-capacitor/flying capacitor(FC)based multilevel converters have been gaining higher attention for their voltage-boosting ability.This feature makes them an attractive solution for renewable energy systems,such...Switched-capacitor/flying capacitor(FC)based multilevel converters have been gaining higher attention for their voltage-boosting ability.This feature makes them an attractive solution for renewable energy systems,such as low-voltage input photovoltaic power systems and electric vehicle systems.However,they usually require more high voltage rating switches and flying capacitors along with boosting capability.Furthermore,they suffer from high pulse currents at the switching transients.Aiming to solve these issues,this article proposes a new self-balancing three-phase five-level inverter based on the switched-capacitor(5L-SCTPNPC),which reduces the dc voltage requirement.The number of active switches is relatively smaller and seven active switches are required per phase.Especially,a soft-charging circuit for FC is designed to limit the impulse charging current.Compared to conventional multilevel inverters,the proposed five-level inverter reduces dc bus voltage by 50%.Significantly,the voltage stress of FC and the switches in parallel with FC are all reduced by 50%in comparison with some existing similar boosting five-level active-neutral-point-clamped(5L-BANPC)inverters.The operating principles,modulation strategy,and the design of the FC and charging inductor are provided in detailly.A comprehensive comparison study has been made to highlight the merits of the proposed inverter.Finally,the simulations and experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed topology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Oxygen(O_(2))is essential for life support and rocket propulsion in Mars exploration missions,and in situ oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere is of profound scientific and engineering significance.In this ar...Oxygen(O_(2))is essential for life support and rocket propulsion in Mars exploration missions,and in situ oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere is of profound scientific and engineering significance.In this article,we propose a novel method for O_(2) production from the Martian atmosphere by using glow discharge ionization combined with a self-developed oxygen-permeable membrane(OPM).Experiments under simulated Martian atmospheric conditions examined parameter impacts on the O_(2) production rate and assessed the operating characteristics and glow discharge plasma tolerance of the OPM.Results indicate that(1)the proportion of O_(2) produced positively correlates with the ionization voltage under fixed discharge electrode spacing,pressure,and flow rate,reaching a maximum of 8.18%(saturating at 4600–5400 V);(2)O_(2) yield rises with the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))flow rate at a constant pressure,with the maximum value reaching 0.5 g/h;(3)titanium(Ti)and molybdenum(Mo)electrodes exhibit higher application potential under high voltage conditions;(4)the OPM operates at temperatures above 800℃ and shows few changes in the main body sections after 24 h of plasma tolerance testing.This study lays the foundation for future development of a mature Mars oxygen production prototype with lower energy consumption and higher efficiency.展开更多
Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biolo...Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biological nano-/micro-/meso-scale manufacturing provide complementary approaches to overcome key space exploration challenges by enabling the in-situ production of essential life-support materials,propellants,and other resources.This review examines the origin and historical evolution of space manufacturing and the latest advances across different environments—from orbital space stations and the lunar surface to Mars and asteroids.It is structured to present the current state of research,outline key manufacturing strategies and technologies,assess the technical and environmental challenges,and discuss emerging trends and future directions.Besides,the potential applications of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence in overcoming the limitations of microgravity,limited resources,and extreme conditions are discussed.Ultimately,this integrative review could serve to guide future development,from advancing space science and disruptive manufacturing to enabling interdisciplinary and application-level innovations.展开更多
The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps...The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps conducted under harsh reaction conditions.Herein,we report a cyclic catalytic process for the production of NH_(3) by directly utilizing earth-abundant CH_(4) as a hydrogen source for N_(2) hydrogenation while simultaneously co-producing H_(2) over an alumina-supported iron catalyst(Fe/Al_(2)O_(3)).It achieves exceptional productivities of 2300μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for NH_(3) and 400 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for H_(2) at700℃.By eliminating the coke that results from CH_(4) pyrolysis through a reaction with the greenhouse gas CO_(2) to produce valuable CO,we establish an atom-economic cyclic catalytic process while producing a CO stream intrinsically separated in the regeneration step.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the iron species in Fe/Al_(2) O_(3) serve as tri-functional active sites for CH_(4) pyrolysis,N_(2) hydrogenation,and coke elimination to produce CO,thus enabling an efficient and environmentally friendly cyclic catalytic process.展开更多
Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the contr...Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.展开更多
Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during th...Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.展开更多
Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating p...Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating packed bed(RPB)in premixing and crystallization on crystallinity and RE utilization rate was further investigated.The results indicate that lanthanide(La)cations are successfully introduced into the sodalite cage of Y-type zeolite.The optimized conditions are that the molar ratio of Si/La is 150,premixing for 5 h,crystallization at 90℃ for 18 h,and calcination at 550℃ for 3.5 h.At this stage,the RE utilization rate reaches 74.5%.Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor(STR),RPB can effectively shorten the premixing time and crystallization time by 4.3 h and 6 h,improve the crystallinity by 23%and RE utilization rate by 7.5%.The RE utilization rate is more than 80%by RPB,surpassing the effectiveness of using the one-exchange one-calcination process in the traditional liquid ion exchange process.It is expected to provide a reference for the in-situ efficient and green synthesis of RE zeolite.展开更多
Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To eluci...Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.展开更多
As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2...As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2) emissions while producing value-added chemicals and fuels.However,conventional CCU strategies typically decouple the CO_(2) capture and electrochemical conversion processes,resulting in increased system complexity,higher energy demands,and limited economic viability.Building an integrated system of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction can bridge the technological gap,reduce costs,and ultimately enhance carbon cycle efficiency.In this review,we highlight recent advances in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction technologies.We first evaluate the strengths and limitations of conventional CCU technologies and the emerging CO_(2) capture and direct utilization technologies.Subsequently,we summarize the breakthroughs in multifunctional catalyst systems and key catalyst optimization strategies,and analyze the mechanisms behind the performance improvement.Meanwhile,we also discuss the application progress of in-situ techniques and theoretical calculations in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.Finally,we outline the unresolved scientific and engineering challenges and propose future research directions to accelerate the development of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving g...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving graph learning.However,its application often diminishes data utility,especially for nodes with fewer neighbors in graph neural networks(GNNs).展开更多
Regional Sustainability(ISSN 2097-0129;CN 65-1317/X)is an international,peer-reviewed and open access journal publishing high-quality articles in multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary subjects relating to sustainab...Regional Sustainability(ISSN 2097-0129;CN 65-1317/X)is an international,peer-reviewed and open access journal publishing high-quality articles in multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary subjects relating to sustainability.The journal advances our understanding of the sustainability dimensions of environmental protection,economic development,and social development.It publishes theoretical and experimental research papers on resources exploitation and utilization,environment pollution and management,biodiversity conservation,ecosystem function and services,land use and land use change,forestry sustainability,soil and water conservation,climate change.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
文摘In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.
文摘report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.
文摘It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).
基金supported by CARS(CARS-21),the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032)the Science and Technology Department of Xizang(XZ202401ZY0020)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFH0044,2023YFH0018)the Sichuan Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JDJQ0006)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(19ZX7117,21ZX7116).
文摘Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0109700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52106150)。
文摘CO_(2) capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been recognized as crucial strategies for mitigating global warming,reducing carbon emission,and promoting resource circularity.As such,the design and development of related materials have attracted considerable research attention.Carbon-based materials,characterized by tunable pore structures,abundant active sites,high specific surface area,and excellent chemical stability,demonstrate significant potential for applications in CO_(2) capture and utilization.This review systematically analyzes the adsorption behaviors and performance variations of typical carbon materials,including activated carbon,porous carbon,graphene,and carbon nanotubes during CO_(2) capture processes.Concerning CO_(2) utilization,emphasis is placed on recent advances in the catalytic applications of carbon-based materials in key reactions such as methanation,reverse water-gas shift,dry reforming of methane,and alcohol synthesis.Moreover,the benefits and drawbacks of carbon materials in terms of CO_(2) adsorption capacity,catalytic activity,and stability are thoroughly evaluated,and their potential applications in integrated CO_(2) capture and utilization technologies are discussed.Finally,key strategies for enhancing the performance of carbonaceous materials through structural modulation and surface modification are elucidated.This review aims to provide theoretical guidance for the future development and large-scale implementation of carbon-based materials in CCU technologies.
文摘The Ni/SBA-15 catalysts were synthesized using the in situ method and the influence of crystallization temperature on nickel utilization efficiency-a critical factor in mesoporous material design-was systematically investigated.The structural characteristics and nickel anchoring capacity were analyzed using XRD,BET,FT-IR,H2-TPR,and ICP-OES.The results demonstrated that the crystallization temperature significantly affected the framework order of SBA-15 and the surface anchoring efficiency of Ni ions.The nickel utilization efficiency increased from 8.4%at 80℃to 60.49%at 140℃,but then decreased to 47.25%at 160℃,indicating an optimal crystallization temperature window.This provides crucial guidance for tailoring high-performance metal-doped molecular sieves.The optimal catalyst exhibited excellent performance in the hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol(BYD):the BYD conversion reached 97.25%with 88.99%selectivity of 1,4-butenediol(BED)within 5 h,and reached 99.73%with 87.34%selectivity of 1,4-butanediol(BDO)after 20 h reaction.These results revealed the critical role of crystallization temperature in metal utilization and provided theoretical support for designing highly active molecular sieve catalysts.
文摘A batch of important national standards for CCUS released.Recently,State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR)and National Standardization Administration of China(SAC)released 12 national standards for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),which will come into effect on July 1,2026.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977069)the National Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of China(52107195)the First Key Research and JieBang Headed Program,Hunan Province,China(2021GK1250).
文摘Switched-capacitor/flying capacitor(FC)based multilevel converters have been gaining higher attention for their voltage-boosting ability.This feature makes them an attractive solution for renewable energy systems,such as low-voltage input photovoltaic power systems and electric vehicle systems.However,they usually require more high voltage rating switches and flying capacitors along with boosting capability.Furthermore,they suffer from high pulse currents at the switching transients.Aiming to solve these issues,this article proposes a new self-balancing three-phase five-level inverter based on the switched-capacitor(5L-SCTPNPC),which reduces the dc voltage requirement.The number of active switches is relatively smaller and seven active switches are required per phase.Especially,a soft-charging circuit for FC is designed to limit the impulse charging current.Compared to conventional multilevel inverters,the proposed five-level inverter reduces dc bus voltage by 50%.Significantly,the voltage stress of FC and the switches in parallel with FC are all reduced by 50%in comparison with some existing similar boosting five-level active-neutral-point-clamped(5L-BANPC)inverters.The operating principles,modulation strategy,and the design of the FC and charging inductor are provided in detailly.A comprehensive comparison study has been made to highlight the merits of the proposed inverter.Finally,the simulations and experiments validate the feasibility of the proposed topology.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金supported by the Open Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration(No.NKDSEL2024004-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42173045)supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2025QC448).
文摘Oxygen(O_(2))is essential for life support and rocket propulsion in Mars exploration missions,and in situ oxygen production from the Martian atmosphere is of profound scientific and engineering significance.In this article,we propose a novel method for O_(2) production from the Martian atmosphere by using glow discharge ionization combined with a self-developed oxygen-permeable membrane(OPM).Experiments under simulated Martian atmospheric conditions examined parameter impacts on the O_(2) production rate and assessed the operating characteristics and glow discharge plasma tolerance of the OPM.Results indicate that(1)the proportion of O_(2) produced positively correlates with the ionization voltage under fixed discharge electrode spacing,pressure,and flow rate,reaching a maximum of 8.18%(saturating at 4600–5400 V);(2)O_(2) yield rises with the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))flow rate at a constant pressure,with the maximum value reaching 0.5 g/h;(3)titanium(Ti)and molybdenum(Mo)electrodes exhibit higher application potential under high voltage conditions;(4)the OPM operates at temperatures above 800℃ and shows few changes in the main body sections after 24 h of plasma tolerance testing.This study lays the foundation for future development of a mature Mars oxygen production prototype with lower energy consumption and higher efficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016).
文摘Space exploration and manufacturing are of critical importance for scientific advancement,technological innovation,national security,and the acquisition of extraterrestrial resources.In view of this,chemical and biological nano-/micro-/meso-scale manufacturing provide complementary approaches to overcome key space exploration challenges by enabling the in-situ production of essential life-support materials,propellants,and other resources.This review examines the origin and historical evolution of space manufacturing and the latest advances across different environments—from orbital space stations and the lunar surface to Mars and asteroids.It is structured to present the current state of research,outline key manufacturing strategies and technologies,assess the technical and environmental challenges,and discuss emerging trends and future directions.Besides,the potential applications of emerging technologies such as synthetic biology and artificial intelligence in overcoming the limitations of microgravity,limited resources,and extreme conditions are discussed.Ultimately,this integrative review could serve to guide future development,from advancing space science and disruptive manufacturing to enabling interdisciplinary and application-level innovations.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1504500 and 2023YFA1506300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22588201,22225204,and 22472169)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0600100)Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLG-2024-03)。
文摘The traditional ammonia synthesis via the Haber–Bosch process requires large consumption of highpurity H_(2) and causes significant carbon emissions owing to the energy-intensive and complex hydrogen production steps conducted under harsh reaction conditions.Herein,we report a cyclic catalytic process for the production of NH_(3) by directly utilizing earth-abundant CH_(4) as a hydrogen source for N_(2) hydrogenation while simultaneously co-producing H_(2) over an alumina-supported iron catalyst(Fe/Al_(2)O_(3)).It achieves exceptional productivities of 2300μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for NH_(3) and 400 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)for H_(2) at700℃.By eliminating the coke that results from CH_(4) pyrolysis through a reaction with the greenhouse gas CO_(2) to produce valuable CO,we establish an atom-economic cyclic catalytic process while producing a CO stream intrinsically separated in the regeneration step.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the iron species in Fe/Al_(2) O_(3) serve as tri-functional active sites for CH_(4) pyrolysis,N_(2) hydrogenation,and coke elimination to produce CO,thus enabling an efficient and environmentally friendly cyclic catalytic process.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation-Special Program on Biodiversity(2023B0303050001).
文摘Biodiversity constitutes the fundamental cornerstone of ecosystem stability and resilience,furnishing indispensable services that encompass food production,the provision of clean water,climate regulation and the control of disease.Nonetheless,the planet is currently experiencing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis.
文摘Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.
基金supported by the NationalKey Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1507701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6011,22288102)“Announcement and Challenge”Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJKJTJBGS-2023).
文摘Rare earth(RE)Y-type zeolite was synthesized in situ by acidic co-hydrolysis route and hydrothermal method.The key process parameters were optimized based on the RE utilization rate.The effect of inducing a rotating packed bed(RPB)in premixing and crystallization on crystallinity and RE utilization rate was further investigated.The results indicate that lanthanide(La)cations are successfully introduced into the sodalite cage of Y-type zeolite.The optimized conditions are that the molar ratio of Si/La is 150,premixing for 5 h,crystallization at 90℃ for 18 h,and calcination at 550℃ for 3.5 h.At this stage,the RE utilization rate reaches 74.5%.Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor(STR),RPB can effectively shorten the premixing time and crystallization time by 4.3 h and 6 h,improve the crystallinity by 23%and RE utilization rate by 7.5%.The RE utilization rate is more than 80%by RPB,surpassing the effectiveness of using the one-exchange one-calcination process in the traditional liquid ion exchange process.It is expected to provide a reference for the in-situ efficient and green synthesis of RE zeolite.
基金supported by the Young Student Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.525B2139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3711300 and 2021YFF0500301)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(No.KJZ-YYWCL404)。
文摘Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(No.52470113 and 52225003,52300125)the 55Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(No.BLRC2023B04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(QNTD202506)。
文摘As atmospheric CO_(2) concentration continues to rise,carbon capture and utilization(CCU)technology has emerged as a critical strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality.CCU offers a dual advantage of mitigating CO_(2) emissions while producing value-added chemicals and fuels.However,conventional CCU strategies typically decouple the CO_(2) capture and electrochemical conversion processes,resulting in increased system complexity,higher energy demands,and limited economic viability.Building an integrated system of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction can bridge the technological gap,reduce costs,and ultimately enhance carbon cycle efficiency.In this review,we highlight recent advances in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction technologies.We first evaluate the strengths and limitations of conventional CCU technologies and the emerging CO_(2) capture and direct utilization technologies.Subsequently,we summarize the breakthroughs in multifunctional catalyst systems and key catalyst optimization strategies,and analyze the mechanisms behind the performance improvement.Meanwhile,we also discuss the application progress of in-situ techniques and theoretical calculations in CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.Finally,we outline the unresolved scientific and engineering challenges and propose future research directions to accelerate the development of CO_(2) capture and in-situ electroreduction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0612900,2023YFF0612902)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(4254086)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62472032)the Open Project Funding of Key Laboratory of Mobile Application Innovation and Governance Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(2023IFS080601-K)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholarsthe Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the critical challenge of preserving privacy in graph learning without compromising on data utility.Differential privacy(DP)is emerging as an effective method for privacy-preserving graph learning.However,its application often diminishes data utility,especially for nodes with fewer neighbors in graph neural networks(GNNs).
文摘Regional Sustainability(ISSN 2097-0129;CN 65-1317/X)is an international,peer-reviewed and open access journal publishing high-quality articles in multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary subjects relating to sustainability.The journal advances our understanding of the sustainability dimensions of environmental protection,economic development,and social development.It publishes theoretical and experimental research papers on resources exploitation and utilization,environment pollution and management,biodiversity conservation,ecosystem function and services,land use and land use change,forestry sustainability,soil and water conservation,climate change.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
