Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system d...Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.展开更多
Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establi...Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area.展开更多
report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropos...report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.展开更多
The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of "...The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of " Two high and one early",which means high biomass and high efficiency of light energy conversion, as wellas fast growing in the early growth stage. The agronomic characters of 15 U. S展开更多
In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,r...In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,reaching RMB 1.2trillion,which is a new high historically.展开更多
In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is ...In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.展开更多
It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis jav...It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).展开更多
Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of thre...Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of three European species. Sixteen randomly sampled specimens of each of the eight species (heartwood and sapwood) with dimensions 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm were exposed at various relative humidity conditions of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% in a temperature and humidity-controlled climate chamber at a temperature of 25°C in accordance to German standard DIN 52182. The species are Albies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies which are European species and Amphimas pterocarpoides, Antiaris toxicaria, Canarium schweinfurthii, Celtis zenkeri and Cola gigantea are wood species from Ghana. Internal wood temperature and humidity were measured with datalogger. Samples were considered to have reached equilibrium at any given humidity when the daily weight changes were less than 0.1 mg according to German standard DIN 52183. After the last measurements of the weight changes, the samples were dried at 103°C until there was a constant weight. The five tropical hardwoods had low sorption values recorded and high sorption values for the European species and this could be attributed to differences in the microstructure of these woods.展开更多
1.Introduction As the central organelle in the eukaryotic secretory pathway,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)mediates cellular processes that include calcium homeostasis and protein processing[1,2].The infection of plants...1.Introduction As the central organelle in the eukaryotic secretory pathway,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)mediates cellular processes that include calcium homeostasis and protein processing[1,2].The infection of plants by pathogens can induce ER stress and trigger the unfolded protein response(UPR).The UPR is a conserved protective signaling pathway that leads to programmed cell death(PCD)under extreme conditions[3–5],which can harm or benefit pathogens,depending on the timing and mode of cell death,and on whether the pathogen has physiologically adapted to benefit from the dying tissue[6].The biosynthesis and proper function of plant pattern recognition receptors(PRRs),which perceive pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs or MAMPs)at the cell surface,also rely on N-glycosylation and the ER quality-control(ERQC)system[7–9].However,pathogens have evolved the capacity utilizing effectors to bind to the host ER stress pathway and manipulate it to their advantage during infection.展开更多
This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of bi...This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of biogas production facility in some villages of local tobacco area,this paper selects Longwan Village of Fengshiyan Town as the experimental site and explores the rational way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf biogas fermentation. Results show that cutting and fermentation of discarded fresh tobacco leaf before adding into biogas digester is conductive to improving p H in fermentation process,reducing crust amount,and effectively improving biogas production amount and rate. The study can provide reference for effective processing and rational utilization of discarded fresh tobacco leaf.展开更多
Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to ...Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to construct self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on a copper substrate to achieve highly utilized Zn anodes.We reveal that 4Mpy could be firmly bound on the Cu substrate via Cu–S bond to form compact and uniform SAMs,which could effectively isolate the water on the electrode surface and thus eliminate the water-related side reactions.In addition,the short-chain aromatic ring structure of 4Mpy could not only ensure the ordered arrangement of zincophilic pyridine N but also facilitate charge transfer,thus enabling uniform and rapid Zn deposition.Consequently,the Zn/4Mpy/Cu electrode not only enables the symmetric cell to stably cycle for over 180 h at 10 mA cm^(-2) under a high depth-of-discharge of 90%,but also allows the MnO_(2)-paired pouch cell to survive for 100 cycles under a high Zn utilization rate of 78.8%.An anode-free 4Mpy/Cu||graphite cell also operates for 150 cycles without obvious capacity fading at 0.1 A g^(-1).This control of interfacial chemistry via SAMs to achieve high utilization rates of metal anodes provides a new paradigm for developing high-energy metal-based batteries.展开更多
About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the M...About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the Moon,Mars,Venus and Saturn.Through radar electromagnetic wave detection,we are able to gain an in-depth understanding of these celestial bodies'internal structures,composition,distribution of water resources,magnetic fields,atmospheres,and other physical properties.This is of great significance for human beings to find a habitable environment in the solar system.At present,the observation methods of radar astronomy mainly rely on ground-based radio telescopes that actively emit electromagnetic waves.展开更多
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attrac...Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).展开更多
About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the M...About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the Moon,Mars,Venus and Saturn.Through radar electromagnetic wave detection,we are able to gain an in-depth understanding of these celestial bodies'internal structures,composition,distribution of water resources,magnetic fields,atmospheres,and other physical properties.This is of great significance for human beings to find a habitable environment in the solar system.At present,the observation methods of radar astronomy mainly rely on ground-based radio telescopes that actively emit electromagnetic waves.In recent years,with the continuous advancement of international deep space exploration,in-situ radar detection technology has gradually become an indispensable new tool for lunar and planetary radar astronomical observations.For example,China's Chang'e3,4,5 and 6 missions,as well as the Tianwen-1 mission to Mars and the United States'Perseverance rover,are equipped with radar payloads.These deep space exploration missions have expanded radar astronomy techniques to lunar and planetary surface observations,greatly enriching and promoting the scientific content and development of radar astronomy.For this reason,the editorial office invited Dr.Chunyu Ding from Shenzhen University and Dr.Yan Su from the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences to co edit a special issue of radar astronomy.展开更多
The integration of endoscopy has significantly propelled the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,with colonoscopy establishing itself as the primary method for early diagnosis and preventive care in c...The integration of endoscopy has significantly propelled the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,with colonoscopy establishing itself as the primary method for early diagnosis and preventive care in colorectal cancer(CRC).Although deep learning holds promise in mitigating missed polyp rates,modern endoscopy examinations pose additional challenges,such as image blurring and atomizing.This study explores lightweight yet powerful attention mechanisms,introducing the spatial-channel transformer(SCT),an innovative approach that leverages spatial channel relationships for attention weight calculation.The method utilizes rotation operations for inter-dimensional dependencies,followed by residual transformation,encoding inter-channel and spatial information with minimal computational overhead.Extensive experiments on the CVC-Clinic DB polyp detection dataset,addressing endoscopy pitfalls,underscore the superiority of our SCT over other state-of-the-art methods.The proposed model maintains high performance,even in challenging scenarios.展开更多
Accumulating research has shed light on the significance of skeletal interoception,in maintaining physiological and metabolic homeostasis related to bone health.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how ske...Accumulating research has shed light on the significance of skeletal interoception,in maintaining physiological and metabolic homeostasis related to bone health.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how skeletal interoception influences bone homeostasis,delving into the complex interplay between the nervous system and skeletal system.One key focus of the review is the role of various factors such as prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in skeletal health via skeletal interoception.It explores how nerves innervating the bone tissue communicate with the central nervous system to regulate bone remodeling,a process critical for maintaining bone strength and integrity.Additionally,the review highlights the advancements in biomaterials designed to utilize skeletal interoception for enhancing bone regeneration and treatment of bone disorders.These biomaterials,tailored to interact with the body’s interoceptive pathways,are positioned at the forefront of innovative treatments for conditions like osteoporosis and fractures.They represent a convergence of bioengineering,neuroscience,and orthopedics,aiming to create more efficient and targeted therapies for bone-related disorders.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of skeletal interoception in physiological regulation and its potential in developing more effective therapies for bone regeneration.It emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of skeletal interoception and to harness its therapeutic potential fully.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and st...The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts.I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.展开更多
Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed so...Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund(06XMZ014)~~
文摘Using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land in Gonghe County, and using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to inspect the effect of driving changing on cultivated land change under different change situations. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed from the county territory scale level. At last, some corresponding policies and measures were put forward.
基金Supported by The Regional Sustainable Development of the Qing-TibetPlateau(2004)~~
文摘Using path analysis, correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis and system dynamics method to study the driving force of cultivated land in Qinghai Lake Area, and using gradually regression analysis to establish the driving force model of utilized change of cultivated land. Driving factors, action mechanism and process of utilized change of cultivated land were analyzed, and the differences during all factors were compared. The study provides some decision basis for sustainable utilization and management of land resources in Qinghai Lake Area.
文摘report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins, named Manis javanica HKU4-relatedcoronavirus (MjHKU4r-CoV). Among 86 animals, four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR, and seven tested seropositive (11 and12.8%). Four nearly identical (99.9%) genome sequences were obtained, and one virus was isolated (MjHKU4r-CoV-1). Thisvirus utilizes human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (hDPP4) as a receptor and host proteases for cell infection, which is enhanced by afurin cleavage site that is absent in all known bat HKU4r-CoVs. The MjHKU4r-CoV-1 spike shows higher binding affinity forhDPP4, and MjHKU4r-CoV-1 has a wider host range than bat HKU4-CoV. MjHKU4r-CoV-1 is infectious and pathogenic inhuman airways and intestinal organs and in hDPP4-transgenic mice. Our study highlights the importance of pangolins as reservoirhosts of coronaviruses poised for human disease emergence.
文摘The yield potential of current rice varieties has reached a high plateau and fluc-tuated within a narrow range. Based on the theory and practice of rice breedingfor super-high-yield, we put forward a concept of " Two high and one early",which means high biomass and high efficiency of light energy conversion, as wellas fast growing in the early growth stage. The agronomic characters of 15 U. S
文摘In 2022,China’ s actual utilized foreign capital reached a historical high.According to the data released by the State Council Information Office,China’s actual use of foreign capital continued to increase in 2022,reaching RMB 1.2trillion,which is a new high historically.
文摘In China, 10 ethnic minorities with a combined population of over 20 million people are followers of Islam. In Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the population is nearly 6 million, a-mong which the Islamic population is about 2 million. In China as a whole, more than 20 million people enjoy eating food prepared according to Islamic guidelines, known as hal'al food.
文摘It is unknown whether pangolins,the most trafficked mammals,play a role in the zoonotic transmission of bat coronaviruses.We report the circulation of a novel MERS-like coronavirus in Malayan pangolins,named Manis javanica HKU4-related coronavirus(MjHKU4r-CoV).Among 86 animals,four tested positive by pan-CoV PCR,and seven tested seropositive(11 and 12.8%).
文摘Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of wood species are very necessary in the utilization of these in service. This study investigated the EMC of five lesser utilized species of Ghana and compared it with that of three European species. Sixteen randomly sampled specimens of each of the eight species (heartwood and sapwood) with dimensions 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm were exposed at various relative humidity conditions of 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% in a temperature and humidity-controlled climate chamber at a temperature of 25°C in accordance to German standard DIN 52182. The species are Albies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies which are European species and Amphimas pterocarpoides, Antiaris toxicaria, Canarium schweinfurthii, Celtis zenkeri and Cola gigantea are wood species from Ghana. Internal wood temperature and humidity were measured with datalogger. Samples were considered to have reached equilibrium at any given humidity when the daily weight changes were less than 0.1 mg according to German standard DIN 52183. After the last measurements of the weight changes, the samples were dried at 103°C until there was a constant weight. The five tropical hardwoods had low sorption values recorded and high sorption values for the European species and this could be attributed to differences in the microstructure of these woods.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430073,31721004,and 31801715)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20180518)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(KJQN201913).
文摘1.Introduction As the central organelle in the eukaryotic secretory pathway,the endoplasmic reticulum(ER)mediates cellular processes that include calcium homeostasis and protein processing[1,2].The infection of plants by pathogens can induce ER stress and trigger the unfolded protein response(UPR).The UPR is a conserved protective signaling pathway that leads to programmed cell death(PCD)under extreme conditions[3–5],which can harm or benefit pathogens,depending on the timing and mode of cell death,and on whether the pathogen has physiologically adapted to benefit from the dying tissue[6].The biosynthesis and proper function of plant pattern recognition receptors(PRRs),which perceive pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs or MAMPs)at the cell surface,also rely on N-glycosylation and the ER quality-control(ERQC)system[7–9].However,pathogens have evolved the capacity utilizing effectors to bind to the host ER stress pathway and manipulate it to their advantage during infection.
文摘This paper aims to explore comprehensive utilization way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf. Based on modern tobacco demands on green,environmental protection and sustainable development,as well as actual situation of biogas production facility in some villages of local tobacco area,this paper selects Longwan Village of Fengshiyan Town as the experimental site and explores the rational way of discarded fresh tobacco leaf biogas fermentation. Results show that cutting and fermentation of discarded fresh tobacco leaf before adding into biogas digester is conductive to improving p H in fermentation process,reducing crust amount,and effectively improving biogas production amount and rate. The study can provide reference for effective processing and rational utilization of discarded fresh tobacco leaf.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379041,52103313)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2402400)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1045)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ30094).
文摘Stabilizing the Zn anode under high utilization rates is highly applauded yet very challenging in aqueous Zn batteries.Here,we rationally design a zincophilic short-chain aromatic molecule,4-mercaptopyridine(4Mpy),to construct self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on a copper substrate to achieve highly utilized Zn anodes.We reveal that 4Mpy could be firmly bound on the Cu substrate via Cu–S bond to form compact and uniform SAMs,which could effectively isolate the water on the electrode surface and thus eliminate the water-related side reactions.In addition,the short-chain aromatic ring structure of 4Mpy could not only ensure the ordered arrangement of zincophilic pyridine N but also facilitate charge transfer,thus enabling uniform and rapid Zn deposition.Consequently,the Zn/4Mpy/Cu electrode not only enables the symmetric cell to stably cycle for over 180 h at 10 mA cm^(-2) under a high depth-of-discharge of 90%,but also allows the MnO_(2)-paired pouch cell to survive for 100 cycles under a high Zn utilization rate of 78.8%.An anode-free 4Mpy/Cu||graphite cell also operates for 150 cycles without obvious capacity fading at 0.1 A g^(-1).This control of interfacial chemistry via SAMs to achieve high utilization rates of metal anodes provides a new paradigm for developing high-energy metal-based batteries.
文摘About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the Moon,Mars,Venus and Saturn.Through radar electromagnetic wave detection,we are able to gain an in-depth understanding of these celestial bodies'internal structures,composition,distribution of water resources,magnetic fields,atmospheres,and other physical properties.This is of great significance for human beings to find a habitable environment in the solar system.At present,the observation methods of radar astronomy mainly rely on ground-based radio telescopes that actively emit electromagnetic waves.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB3612200,2023YFB3609601,2022YFB3604300,2022YFB2802801,2022YFB3604802)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A20300,62174174,62274177,62275263,62325406,62374172,62304242,62304240,62404241)+4 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant Nos.2022323 and 2022324)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2023018-2)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20240126)Suzhou Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.SYC2022089,ZXL2024379,and ZXL2024376)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2022A1515110482 and 2022A1515110004).
文摘Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).
文摘About this issue:Radar astronomy is a science that utilizes radar electromagnetic waves to study celestial bodies within and beyond the solar system,focusing mainly on planets,satellites and small bodies such as the Moon,Mars,Venus and Saturn.Through radar electromagnetic wave detection,we are able to gain an in-depth understanding of these celestial bodies'internal structures,composition,distribution of water resources,magnetic fields,atmospheres,and other physical properties.This is of great significance for human beings to find a habitable environment in the solar system.At present,the observation methods of radar astronomy mainly rely on ground-based radio telescopes that actively emit electromagnetic waves.In recent years,with the continuous advancement of international deep space exploration,in-situ radar detection technology has gradually become an indispensable new tool for lunar and planetary radar astronomical observations.For example,China's Chang'e3,4,5 and 6 missions,as well as the Tianwen-1 mission to Mars and the United States'Perseverance rover,are equipped with radar payloads.These deep space exploration missions have expanded radar astronomy techniques to lunar and planetary surface observations,greatly enriching and promoting the scientific content and development of radar astronomy.For this reason,the editorial office invited Dr.Chunyu Ding from Shenzhen University and Dr.Yan Su from the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences to co edit a special issue of radar astronomy.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ23F030001)Hangzhou Innovation Team(No.TD2022011)+1 种基金the Ai Ble Project co-financed by the European Regional Development Fundthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075530)。
文摘The integration of endoscopy has significantly propelled the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases,with colonoscopy establishing itself as the primary method for early diagnosis and preventive care in colorectal cancer(CRC).Although deep learning holds promise in mitigating missed polyp rates,modern endoscopy examinations pose additional challenges,such as image blurring and atomizing.This study explores lightweight yet powerful attention mechanisms,introducing the spatial-channel transformer(SCT),an innovative approach that leverages spatial channel relationships for attention weight calculation.The method utilizes rotation operations for inter-dimensional dependencies,followed by residual transformation,encoding inter-channel and spatial information with minimal computational overhead.Extensive experiments on the CVC-Clinic DB polyp detection dataset,addressing endoscopy pitfalls,underscore the superiority of our SCT over other state-of-the-art methods.The proposed model maintains high performance,even in challenging scenarios.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230071,82172098)Integrated Project of Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(92249303)+2 种基金Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(23141900600,Laboratory Animal Research Project)Shanghai Clinical Research Plan of SHDC2023CRT01Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20230049)。
文摘Accumulating research has shed light on the significance of skeletal interoception,in maintaining physiological and metabolic homeostasis related to bone health.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how skeletal interoception influences bone homeostasis,delving into the complex interplay between the nervous system and skeletal system.One key focus of the review is the role of various factors such as prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in skeletal health via skeletal interoception.It explores how nerves innervating the bone tissue communicate with the central nervous system to regulate bone remodeling,a process critical for maintaining bone strength and integrity.Additionally,the review highlights the advancements in biomaterials designed to utilize skeletal interoception for enhancing bone regeneration and treatment of bone disorders.These biomaterials,tailored to interact with the body’s interoceptive pathways,are positioned at the forefront of innovative treatments for conditions like osteoporosis and fractures.They represent a convergence of bioengineering,neuroscience,and orthopedics,aiming to create more efficient and targeted therapies for bone-related disorders.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of skeletal interoception in physiological regulation and its potential in developing more effective therapies for bone regeneration.It emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the mechanisms of skeletal interoception and to harness its therapeutic potential fully.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
文摘The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists.Over the past four decades,I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts.I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.
基金funding from the Scientific Research Program of the Higher Educational Institutions in Anhui Province, China (2023AH050986)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (240805MC063)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172119)the Talent Introduction Project of Anhui Agricultural University, China (rc312212 and yj2019-01)。
文摘Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.
