Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this...Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this novel, Mrs. Bovary, blindly pursues her own business and finally leads to a tragic life. This kind of action is in line with the key point of utility. This article uses the principle of utilitarianism to analyze how it gradually puts Mrs. Bovary into abyss, aiming to express the perniciousness of utility towards people’s life and warn humans to stay away from utilitarian circles in this modern economic society.展开更多
Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideol...Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideology.This paper, through a study of Utilitarian principles and values, and an investigation into and an interpretation of Thackeray's symbolism through the two household articles—Iphigenia clock and the family Bible, exposes Thackeray's criticism on Benthamite Utilitarianism and offers a clue to its effects on Victorians.展开更多
The practice of four-character Chinese idioms alteration used in the signboards by substituting character （s） with their homophonous words has grown into a general trend. Fifty-one altered idioms are collected. The ...The practice of four-character Chinese idioms alteration used in the signboards by substituting character （s） with their homophonous words has grown into a general trend. Fifty-one altered idioms are collected. The majority of the modifiers are medium-small store owners. Idiom alteration for specific purpose differs from the idiom misinterpretation. Speedy economic growth and material wealth pursuit social context stimulate the idiom alteration behavior which enforces the pragmatism value orientation. By modifying idioms into four-character structures of strong practical effect, the obvious pragamtic value of the businessmen and of Chinese are manifested. A causal analysis method is used.展开更多
David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of mult...David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of multiculturalism,in the wake of the European terror attacks(Madrid 2004,London 2005).The heyday of multiculturalism is associated to Tony Blair' s Premiership(1997-2007) and more generally to New Labour rule(1997-2010).After defining multiculturalism this paper will try and put it in a historical and philosophical perspective,that is to say as one of the latest offshoots of Utilitarianism within the general framework of Western liberalism.Revisiting Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill may help understand the notions of tolerance and political freedom that are part and parcel of the multicultural project.展开更多
Gifford Pinchot played a significant role in America's first conversation movement. He put forward many conservation polices for American federal government. Pinchot's thoughts on natural resources conservatio...Gifford Pinchot played a significant role in America's first conversation movement. He put forward many conservation polices for American federal government. Pinchot's thoughts on natural resources conservation have rich content. He realized the limitation of natural resources,so he advocated scientific management and governmental supervision on public land. He embedded conservation with moral significance and regarded conservation as an essential means of promoting social justice and international peace. The analysis on Pinchot's thoughts on conversation can help people understand the development of American environmental thoughts in the 20thcentury and can also provide inspiration for natural resources protection in China.展开更多
It is important to understand the basic of the ethical theories and how to utilize them to deal with the ethical dilemma in the medical practice. This article presents a brief review of three of famous philosophical t...It is important to understand the basic of the ethical theories and how to utilize them to deal with the ethical dilemma in the medical practice. This article presents a brief review of three of famous philosophical theories of ethics, which may enrich our understanding and guide our behaviour in medical practice. Conclusion: There is no fully adequate moral theory which can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas and none of them also can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas.展开更多
Among the hundred schools of scholars in the pre-Qin period,Confucianism and Mohism were prominent.From the perspective of the emotional motivation of distribution and the fact that individual love is unequal,the Conf...Among the hundred schools of scholars in the pre-Qin period,Confucianism and Mohism were prominent.From the perspective of the emotional motivation of distribution and the fact that individual love is unequal,the Confucianism believes that there is an inevitable natural and reasonable distribution gap.From the perspective of distribution results,Mohism,from the ideal inverse of overall utilitarianism,requires the group to“love without unequal”,and believes that the distribution of selfless“universal love”is reasonable.However,the Confucianism and Mohism views on distributive justice are basically the same in the following five aspects.First,equal distribution of basic means of production and livelihood;second,give priority to the elderly and other vulnerable groups in society;third,oppose extreme individualism;fourth,criticize the polarization of too large distribution gap;fifth,public power should be appropriately opened.Therefore,the view of distributive justice of Confucianism and Mohism is both opposite and unified.展开更多
Contemporary world is not the same,after the declaration by World Health Organisation to Covid-19 as pandemic on 11th March 2020.People’s life and all aspects of it are under the grip of a myriad of questions.Where w...Contemporary world is not the same,after the declaration by World Health Organisation to Covid-19 as pandemic on 11th March 2020.People’s life and all aspects of it are under the grip of a myriad of questions.Where we are and where will we go?In this stage of crisis,we are experiencing a vacuum,as all available political metanarratives are unable to satisfy our needs and fail to provide opportunities of leading a good life.Political ideologies give us structures,platforms,frameworks for systematisation of thoughts upon which we create our“worldview”.On the basis of these world views,economic and political systems are constructed.The present paper will inquire about how the existing world views are insufficient to create“human good”considering the case of globalization,the hyper state of which has accelerated the movement of goods,services,ideas,and people.But,this stage seems to be over by adding one more word in the list of free movements and that is“viruses”.It has created a stir in the whole world and threat to human security.Similarly,the ideology of neoliberalism has focused only on“economic growth”.But,it is evident now that only by developing economically,we cannot make our lives beautiful.Rather,it is lessening the rhythm and balance between human and nature day by day.The material growth has not been able to help us in contemporary pandemic so far,and there is no doubt that“matter”of this materialism alone does not matter in life.The ideology of materialism seems to get failed visualizing condition of developed world mainly America,Germany,and Italy.Communism has witnessed its downfall after the fall of USSR.Again,communist China has more or less created Covid-19 to make herself a“superpower”.History has shown us how communism has locked human freedom and adversely affected transparency of any system.The biggest problem is with the ideology of utilitarianism which endorses every activity of mankind on the basis of“utility”only justifying the idea of making“greatest benefit of greatest number”.This paper will inquire and critically analyse all the above mentioned ideologies and further suggest the Gandhian values,styles,and ideas for making the world a better place to live.展开更多
Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive b...Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.展开更多
What will be the relationship between human beings and artificial intelligence(AI) in the future? Does an AI have moral status? What is that status? Through the analysis of consciousness, we can explain and answer suc...What will be the relationship between human beings and artificial intelligence(AI) in the future? Does an AI have moral status? What is that status? Through the analysis of consciousness, we can explain and answer such questions. The moral status of AIs can depend on the development level of AI consciousness. Drawing on the evolution of consciousness in nature, this paper examines several consciousness abilities of AIs, on the basis of which several relationships between AIs and human beings are proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of those relationships can be analysed by referring to classical ethics theories, such as contract theory, utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics. This explanation helps to construct a common hypothesis about the relationship between humans and AIs. Thus, this research has important practical and normative significance for distinguishing the different relationships between humans and AIs.展开更多
Remarkable strides have been made in science ever since the scientific revolution in the 17th century, and the scientific community continues to prosper today. In its professional activities and social life, this comm...Remarkable strides have been made in science ever since the scientific revolution in the 17th century, and the scientific community continues to prosper today. In its professional activities and social life, this community has created a scientific culture that is increasingly prosperous and is having a significant impact on the development of human culture. The scientific culture has distinctive features that are different from those of the literary culture. For example, it emphasizes the decisive role of objective examination in the course of enquiry to reduce the impact of the subjectivity of researchers on the results. It also stresses the objectivity of knowledge and testing that objectivity through reproducibility. It favours experimental and mathematical approaches while underestimating the roles of imaginal and intuitive thinking, and advocates the values of utilitarianism. This paper concludes that the distinctive features of the scientific culture should be examined in the course of its current development to eliminate the negative impact of utilitarianism.展开更多
Parents in the education of their children,also pay more attention to piano education,which set off a wave of learning piano upsurge.This paper will analyze the reasons why piano education can present such a strong po...Parents in the education of their children,also pay more attention to piano education,which set off a wave of learning piano upsurge.This paper will analyze the reasons why piano education can present such a strong popularity through the personal practice and preliminary exploration of the current piano education,and make a series of reflections on some problems existing in the current piano education,and then reflect on the current situation of domestic art education.展开更多
Taking novels as the breakthrough point,the American thinker,Martha C.Nussbaum,strongly criticizes the materialization of human beings by economic utilitarianism and legal economics,as well as the estrangement and ind...Taking novels as the breakthrough point,the American thinker,Martha C.Nussbaum,strongly criticizes the materialization of human beings by economic utilitarianism and legal economics,as well as the estrangement and indifference between human beings in the book Poetic Justice:The Literary Imagination and Public Life.Through being read,the novels enter into the field of public life,expand the area of human emotion,preach human justice and promote the perfection of human values.展开更多
Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress ...Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,"first distribution and redistribution must deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency,and redistribution pays more attention to fairness"Distribution policy,in 2021,the tenth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to promote common prosperity in stages.The relationship between fairness and efficiency has always been the basic principle and standard for the country to formulate policies,and it is also the core issue discussed by scholars.Both utilitarianism and Rawls'two principles of justice provide us with different perspectives to explore the relationship between fairness and efficiency.This article focuses on Rawls's critique of utilitarianism and the specific content of the two justice principles,and makes a simple discussion on the relationship between fairness and efficiency and its enlightenment on the formulation of distribution policies in our country.展开更多
This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’...This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.展开更多
Teacher evaluation is the action guide of teachers,which is extremely important for the development of schools.The establishment of a scientific and effective evaluation for university teachers is the key step in adap...Teacher evaluation is the action guide of teachers,which is extremely important for the development of schools.The establishment of a scientific and effective evaluation for university teachers is the key step in adapting to the current"double first-class"backgromd in the construction of high-level teachers.Based on HabermasJ theory of communicative action,this study analyzes the shortcomings and the reasons behind the current evaluation activities of university teachers in China as well as explores the standardization of these evaluation activities to meet the needs of the connotative development of higher education.展开更多
文摘Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this novel, Mrs. Bovary, blindly pursues her own business and finally leads to a tragic life. This kind of action is in line with the key point of utility. This article uses the principle of utilitarianism to analyze how it gradually puts Mrs. Bovary into abyss, aiming to express the perniciousness of utility towards people’s life and warn humans to stay away from utilitarian circles in this modern economic society.
文摘Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideology.This paper, through a study of Utilitarian principles and values, and an investigation into and an interpretation of Thackeray's symbolism through the two household articles—Iphigenia clock and the family Bible, exposes Thackeray's criticism on Benthamite Utilitarianism and offers a clue to its effects on Victorians.
文摘The practice of four-character Chinese idioms alteration used in the signboards by substituting character （s） with their homophonous words has grown into a general trend. Fifty-one altered idioms are collected. The majority of the modifiers are medium-small store owners. Idiom alteration for specific purpose differs from the idiom misinterpretation. Speedy economic growth and material wealth pursuit social context stimulate the idiom alteration behavior which enforces the pragmatism value orientation. By modifying idioms into four-character structures of strong practical effect, the obvious pragamtic value of the businessmen and of Chinese are manifested. A causal analysis method is used.
文摘David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of multiculturalism,in the wake of the European terror attacks(Madrid 2004,London 2005).The heyday of multiculturalism is associated to Tony Blair' s Premiership(1997-2007) and more generally to New Labour rule(1997-2010).After defining multiculturalism this paper will try and put it in a historical and philosophical perspective,that is to say as one of the latest offshoots of Utilitarianism within the general framework of Western liberalism.Revisiting Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill may help understand the notions of tolerance and political freedom that are part and parcel of the multicultural project.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(RW 2013-04)
文摘Gifford Pinchot played a significant role in America's first conversation movement. He put forward many conservation polices for American federal government. Pinchot's thoughts on natural resources conservation have rich content. He realized the limitation of natural resources,so he advocated scientific management and governmental supervision on public land. He embedded conservation with moral significance and regarded conservation as an essential means of promoting social justice and international peace. The analysis on Pinchot's thoughts on conversation can help people understand the development of American environmental thoughts in the 20thcentury and can also provide inspiration for natural resources protection in China.
文摘It is important to understand the basic of the ethical theories and how to utilize them to deal with the ethical dilemma in the medical practice. This article presents a brief review of three of famous philosophical theories of ethics, which may enrich our understanding and guide our behaviour in medical practice. Conclusion: There is no fully adequate moral theory which can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas and none of them also can singly explain all ethical or moral dilemmas.
文摘Among the hundred schools of scholars in the pre-Qin period,Confucianism and Mohism were prominent.From the perspective of the emotional motivation of distribution and the fact that individual love is unequal,the Confucianism believes that there is an inevitable natural and reasonable distribution gap.From the perspective of distribution results,Mohism,from the ideal inverse of overall utilitarianism,requires the group to“love without unequal”,and believes that the distribution of selfless“universal love”is reasonable.However,the Confucianism and Mohism views on distributive justice are basically the same in the following five aspects.First,equal distribution of basic means of production and livelihood;second,give priority to the elderly and other vulnerable groups in society;third,oppose extreme individualism;fourth,criticize the polarization of too large distribution gap;fifth,public power should be appropriately opened.Therefore,the view of distributive justice of Confucianism and Mohism is both opposite and unified.
文摘Contemporary world is not the same,after the declaration by World Health Organisation to Covid-19 as pandemic on 11th March 2020.People’s life and all aspects of it are under the grip of a myriad of questions.Where we are and where will we go?In this stage of crisis,we are experiencing a vacuum,as all available political metanarratives are unable to satisfy our needs and fail to provide opportunities of leading a good life.Political ideologies give us structures,platforms,frameworks for systematisation of thoughts upon which we create our“worldview”.On the basis of these world views,economic and political systems are constructed.The present paper will inquire about how the existing world views are insufficient to create“human good”considering the case of globalization,the hyper state of which has accelerated the movement of goods,services,ideas,and people.But,this stage seems to be over by adding one more word in the list of free movements and that is“viruses”.It has created a stir in the whole world and threat to human security.Similarly,the ideology of neoliberalism has focused only on“economic growth”.But,it is evident now that only by developing economically,we cannot make our lives beautiful.Rather,it is lessening the rhythm and balance between human and nature day by day.The material growth has not been able to help us in contemporary pandemic so far,and there is no doubt that“matter”of this materialism alone does not matter in life.The ideology of materialism seems to get failed visualizing condition of developed world mainly America,Germany,and Italy.Communism has witnessed its downfall after the fall of USSR.Again,communist China has more or less created Covid-19 to make herself a“superpower”.History has shown us how communism has locked human freedom and adversely affected transparency of any system.The biggest problem is with the ideology of utilitarianism which endorses every activity of mankind on the basis of“utility”only justifying the idea of making“greatest benefit of greatest number”.This paper will inquire and critically analyse all the above mentioned ideologies and further suggest the Gandhian values,styles,and ideas for making the world a better place to live.
文摘Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.
基金supported by the Research Program of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi‘Reflections on and Reconstruction of Anthropocentrism Consciousness’(grant number 2021W093)
文摘What will be the relationship between human beings and artificial intelligence(AI) in the future? Does an AI have moral status? What is that status? Through the analysis of consciousness, we can explain and answer such questions. The moral status of AIs can depend on the development level of AI consciousness. Drawing on the evolution of consciousness in nature, this paper examines several consciousness abilities of AIs, on the basis of which several relationships between AIs and human beings are proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of those relationships can be analysed by referring to classical ethics theories, such as contract theory, utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics. This explanation helps to construct a common hypothesis about the relationship between humans and AIs. Thus, this research has important practical and normative significance for distinguishing the different relationships between humans and AIs.
文摘Remarkable strides have been made in science ever since the scientific revolution in the 17th century, and the scientific community continues to prosper today. In its professional activities and social life, this community has created a scientific culture that is increasingly prosperous and is having a significant impact on the development of human culture. The scientific culture has distinctive features that are different from those of the literary culture. For example, it emphasizes the decisive role of objective examination in the course of enquiry to reduce the impact of the subjectivity of researchers on the results. It also stresses the objectivity of knowledge and testing that objectivity through reproducibility. It favours experimental and mathematical approaches while underestimating the roles of imaginal and intuitive thinking, and advocates the values of utilitarianism. This paper concludes that the distinctive features of the scientific culture should be examined in the course of its current development to eliminate the negative impact of utilitarianism.
文摘Parents in the education of their children,also pay more attention to piano education,which set off a wave of learning piano upsurge.This paper will analyze the reasons why piano education can present such a strong popularity through the personal practice and preliminary exploration of the current piano education,and make a series of reflections on some problems existing in the current piano education,and then reflect on the current situation of domestic art education.
文摘Taking novels as the breakthrough point,the American thinker,Martha C.Nussbaum,strongly criticizes the materialization of human beings by economic utilitarianism and legal economics,as well as the estrangement and indifference between human beings in the book Poetic Justice:The Literary Imagination and Public Life.Through being read,the novels enter into the field of public life,expand the area of human emotion,preach human justice and promote the perfection of human values.
文摘Since China’s reform and opening up,from the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that put forward"efficiency first and fairness"to the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,"first distribution and redistribution must deal with the relationship between fairness and efficiency,and redistribution pays more attention to fairness"Distribution policy,in 2021,the tenth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee clearly stated that it is necessary to promote common prosperity in stages.The relationship between fairness and efficiency has always been the basic principle and standard for the country to formulate policies,and it is also the core issue discussed by scholars.Both utilitarianism and Rawls'two principles of justice provide us with different perspectives to explore the relationship between fairness and efficiency.This article focuses on Rawls's critique of utilitarianism and the specific content of the two justice principles,and makes a simple discussion on the relationship between fairness and efficiency and its enlightenment on the formulation of distribution policies in our country.
基金This paper is a preliminary result of the major project Wang Yangming’s Transmission and Development of the Pre-Qin Confucianism in His Philosophy of the Mind[阳明心学对先秦儒家思想的传承与发展],a Guoxue project supported by 2019 Guizhou Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Program(Project No.19GZGX02).
文摘This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.
文摘Teacher evaluation is the action guide of teachers,which is extremely important for the development of schools.The establishment of a scientific and effective evaluation for university teachers is the key step in adapting to the current"double first-class"backgromd in the construction of high-level teachers.Based on HabermasJ theory of communicative action,this study analyzes the shortcomings and the reasons behind the current evaluation activities of university teachers in China as well as explores the standardization of these evaluation activities to meet the needs of the connotative development of higher education.
