David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of mult...David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of multiculturalism,in the wake of the European terror attacks(Madrid 2004,London 2005).The heyday of multiculturalism is associated to Tony Blair' s Premiership(1997-2007) and more generally to New Labour rule(1997-2010).After defining multiculturalism this paper will try and put it in a historical and philosophical perspective,that is to say as one of the latest offshoots of Utilitarianism within the general framework of Western liberalism.Revisiting Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill may help understand the notions of tolerance and political freedom that are part and parcel of the multicultural project.展开更多
Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this...Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this novel, Mrs. Bovary, blindly pursues her own business and finally leads to a tragic life. This kind of action is in line with the key point of utility. This article uses the principle of utilitarianism to analyze how it gradually puts Mrs. Bovary into abyss, aiming to express the perniciousness of utility towards people’s life and warn humans to stay away from utilitarian circles in this modern economic society.展开更多
Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive b...Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.展开更多
Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideol...Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideology.This paper, through a study of Utilitarian principles and values, and an investigation into and an interpretation of Thackeray's symbolism through the two household articles—Iphigenia clock and the family Bible, exposes Thackeray's criticism on Benthamite Utilitarianism and offers a clue to its effects on Victorians.展开更多
This study explores how peers influence the moral decisions of Chinese adolescents(12-to 16-year-olds,M_(age)=14.32,n=84)and young adults(18-to 26-year-olds,M_(age)=20.92,n=99)in moral dilemmas.Participants were asked...This study explores how peers influence the moral decisions of Chinese adolescents(12-to 16-year-olds,M_(age)=14.32,n=84)and young adults(18-to 26-year-olds,M_(age)=20.92,n=99)in moral dilemmas.Participants were asked to make moral decisions individually and then collectively within groups of three to reach a consensus in Trolly dilemma and Footbridge dilemma.They were also required to evaluate the degree to which they felt their decisions were moral.Results showed that adolescents tended to choose“action”(pull the lever in Trolly dilemma,or push the man in Footbridge dilemma)more than adults,and evaluate their“no action”choice as more immoral than young adults across both individual and group settings.Adolescents showed consistent decision-making patterns regardless of whether decisions were made individually or collectively,while adults were more likely to choose“no action”in group decision-making.Our results suggest that adolescents are more utilitarian than young adults when making decisions in moral dilemmas,compared to young adults.Young adults are less likely to make utilitarian choices when they are in groups than when they make decisions individually.展开更多
Previous research on moral judgment(MJ)has focused on understanding the cognitive processes and emotional factors that influence different types of moral judgment tasks,such as personal and impersonal dilemmas.However...Previous research on moral judgment(MJ)has focused on understanding the cognitive processes and emotional factors that influence different types of moral judgment tasks,such as personal and impersonal dilemmas.However,few studies have distinguished between the emotions related to cognition and the complex emotions specifically caused by MJ tasks.This gap in knowledge is important to address to have a better understanding of how emotions influence moral judgment.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fear and the role of moral emotions on MJ.Data were collected from 145 participants through jsPsych and analyzed using mixed-model analysis of variance(ANOVA)and correlation analysis.The study found that individuals who were triggered by the fear increased the number of utilitarian moral judgments in personal moral scenarios and lengthened the cognitive process,but not in impersonal moral dilemmas.Hence,we speculate that fear may play a cognitive role in personal moral dilemmas and an emotional role in impersonal moral dilemmas.Another finding is that the complex moral emotions arising from the moral decision-making process may affect the effectiveness of fear and potentially influence moral judgments.However,this study adopts a cautious attitude toward these discoveries,and further verification of this hypothesis should be conducted in the future.展开更多
文摘David Cameron' s speech in Munich(February 2011) has been seen as a U-turn of the British approach to ethnic minorities and diversity(particularly concerning Muslims and South Asians) and a clear rejection of multiculturalism,in the wake of the European terror attacks(Madrid 2004,London 2005).The heyday of multiculturalism is associated to Tony Blair' s Premiership(1997-2007) and more generally to New Labour rule(1997-2010).After defining multiculturalism this paper will try and put it in a historical and philosophical perspective,that is to say as one of the latest offshoots of Utilitarianism within the general framework of Western liberalism.Revisiting Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill may help understand the notions of tolerance and political freedom that are part and parcel of the multicultural project.
文摘Madame Bovary is a very famous work around the world. Many researches have been made on this great work from various aspects, such as female consciousness, love view, romanticism, and so on. The main character of this novel, Mrs. Bovary, blindly pursues her own business and finally leads to a tragic life. This kind of action is in line with the key point of utility. This article uses the principle of utilitarianism to analyze how it gradually puts Mrs. Bovary into abyss, aiming to express the perniciousness of utility towards people’s life and warn humans to stay away from utilitarian circles in this modern economic society.
文摘Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.
文摘Although Thackeray in his Vanity Fair has bitterly satirized the follies and cruelties of some Victorians among whom Benthamite Utilitarianism was rampant, there are few studies focusing on his criticism on this ideology.This paper, through a study of Utilitarian principles and values, and an investigation into and an interpretation of Thackeray's symbolism through the two household articles—Iphigenia clock and the family Bible, exposes Thackeray's criticism on Benthamite Utilitarianism and offers a clue to its effects on Victorians.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program,2022ZD0205100,National Social Science Foundation of China,19ZDA021.
文摘This study explores how peers influence the moral decisions of Chinese adolescents(12-to 16-year-olds,M_(age)=14.32,n=84)and young adults(18-to 26-year-olds,M_(age)=20.92,n=99)in moral dilemmas.Participants were asked to make moral decisions individually and then collectively within groups of three to reach a consensus in Trolly dilemma and Footbridge dilemma.They were also required to evaluate the degree to which they felt their decisions were moral.Results showed that adolescents tended to choose“action”(pull the lever in Trolly dilemma,or push the man in Footbridge dilemma)more than adults,and evaluate their“no action”choice as more immoral than young adults across both individual and group settings.Adolescents showed consistent decision-making patterns regardless of whether decisions were made individually or collectively,while adults were more likely to choose“no action”in group decision-making.Our results suggest that adolescents are more utilitarian than young adults when making decisions in moral dilemmas,compared to young adults.Young adults are less likely to make utilitarian choices when they are in groups than when they make decisions individually.
文摘Previous research on moral judgment(MJ)has focused on understanding the cognitive processes and emotional factors that influence different types of moral judgment tasks,such as personal and impersonal dilemmas.However,few studies have distinguished between the emotions related to cognition and the complex emotions specifically caused by MJ tasks.This gap in knowledge is important to address to have a better understanding of how emotions influence moral judgment.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fear and the role of moral emotions on MJ.Data were collected from 145 participants through jsPsych and analyzed using mixed-model analysis of variance(ANOVA)and correlation analysis.The study found that individuals who were triggered by the fear increased the number of utilitarian moral judgments in personal moral scenarios and lengthened the cognitive process,but not in impersonal moral dilemmas.Hence,we speculate that fear may play a cognitive role in personal moral dilemmas and an emotional role in impersonal moral dilemmas.Another finding is that the complex moral emotions arising from the moral decision-making process may affect the effectiveness of fear and potentially influence moral judgments.However,this study adopts a cautious attitude toward these discoveries,and further verification of this hypothesis should be conducted in the future.
