The article presents the composition and current state of poisonous plants distributed on the Ustyurt plateau. Ustyurt is one of the largest deserts in Central Asia, differing from other deserts of the world in geogra...The article presents the composition and current state of poisonous plants distributed on the Ustyurt plateau. Ustyurt is one of the largest deserts in Central Asia, differing from other deserts of the world in geographical location, relief, flora and fauna and other features. The territory of Ustyurt occupies 21.3 million hectares, of which the Karakalpak part accounts for 7.2 million hectares. Poisonous alkaloid-bearing plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau Anabasis aphylla, Atriplex flabellum, Kalidium capsicum, Salsola arbusculaeformis, Salsola foliosa, Aellenia subaphylla, Anabasis brachiata, Rheum tataricum, Capparis spinosa, Glycyrrhiza aspera. Alkaloid-bearing plants that are not eaten or poorly eaten by cattle Ephedra distachya, Delphinium songaricum, Anabasis salsa, alkaloid-bearing plants eaten by animals without harm Carex physodes, Eremopyrum orientale, Agrophyllum repens, Astragalus amodendron, Astragalus villosissimus, species of the genera Calligonum, Salsola. Poisonous plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau. An analysis of the pasture flora of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau shows that 62 species of wild poisonous plants belonging to 49 genera and 19 families grow here. Although these plants are considered poisonous, but in modern pharmaceutics and medicine, they are used as medicinal.展开更多
The paper presents data on the modern state of some important botanical territories of the Ustyurt plateau. Materials on the effect of dust rising from the main highway of the oil and gas sector on the vegetation cove...The paper presents data on the modern state of some important botanical territories of the Ustyurt plateau. Materials on the effect of dust rising from the main highway of the oil and gas sector on the vegetation cover of the adjacent areas studied are considered. The results of the analysis showed that the vitality of dominants and rare species along the road and closer to it is low, the projective coverage does not exceed 8%. Starting from 100 to 200 m, the vitality of the dominants improves. With a distance of 500 m from the roads, the species composition increases, the projective coverage reaches 12%. The evaluation of the vitality of dominant and/or endemic species, the comparison of the projective cover and the species diversity of the pilot site with the control plot, and also the method of weighing the annual shoots of dominant and/or rare species with all vegetative and generative elements in a comparative aspect give reliable results in determining the degree Anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover of Ustyurt. Inclusion of dominants the restoration of vegetation by phytoremediation of the study area gives promising results.展开更多
A decrease in the amount of precipitation is observed on average 18 - 20 mm compared with the periods before the Aral crisis and the average annual temperature rise over the long-term period is 2.0°C in the Centr...A decrease in the amount of precipitation is observed on average 18 - 20 mm compared with the periods before the Aral crisis and the average annual temperature rise over the long-term period is 2.0°C in the Central part of Ustyurt. An increase in the Si index meaning an increase in the degree of drought every ten-flight is clearly expressed in the months March-July. Data Analysis 1981-2017 shows that within 36 years the species diversity in the monitoring sites of Kabanbay decreased by 2 - 3 times. In 1981 the number of species fluctuated between the values of 9 - 50, and in 2017 this figure is 4 - 17. The results of the analysis show that the forecast indicators of the old-current state (1981) of the vegetation coverage and number of species were stable or had tendencies with a low regressive character (r2 = 0.01). However, the current-state (2017) of the vegetation coverage and the species composition of the monitoring plots showed a low progressive trend (r2 = 0.03), i.e. in the future, the formation of plant communities with low vegetation coverage and species composition has a dominant status. The results show that in 1981, 65% - 80% of the species composition of plant communities consisted of halophyte and xerophyte groups. In 2017, this figure reaches 80% - 100%, i.e. this claims to increase xerophytization and halophytization of territories. An interesting fact is established with mesophyte group. In general, theoretically, the decrease in the number of mesophyte group of plants for 1981-2017 would have a direct correlation with the vegetation coverage and their active share in it. However, for 36 years, their active share in the vegetation coverage remained unchanged—amounting to 0% - 20%. Of course, in these years, the decrease in the number of mesophyte plants led to an increase in the number of plant communities, in which the proportion of vegetation coverage of mesophyte group is insignificant—0% - 5%. Despite the drought, the active part of the vegetation cover of mesophytic invasive species, such as Poa bulbosa, is consistently maintained.展开更多
文摘The article presents the composition and current state of poisonous plants distributed on the Ustyurt plateau. Ustyurt is one of the largest deserts in Central Asia, differing from other deserts of the world in geographical location, relief, flora and fauna and other features. The territory of Ustyurt occupies 21.3 million hectares, of which the Karakalpak part accounts for 7.2 million hectares. Poisonous alkaloid-bearing plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau Anabasis aphylla, Atriplex flabellum, Kalidium capsicum, Salsola arbusculaeformis, Salsola foliosa, Aellenia subaphylla, Anabasis brachiata, Rheum tataricum, Capparis spinosa, Glycyrrhiza aspera. Alkaloid-bearing plants that are not eaten or poorly eaten by cattle Ephedra distachya, Delphinium songaricum, Anabasis salsa, alkaloid-bearing plants eaten by animals without harm Carex physodes, Eremopyrum orientale, Agrophyllum repens, Astragalus amodendron, Astragalus villosissimus, species of the genera Calligonum, Salsola. Poisonous plants of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau. An analysis of the pasture flora of the Karakalpak part of the Ustyurt plateau shows that 62 species of wild poisonous plants belonging to 49 genera and 19 families grow here. Although these plants are considered poisonous, but in modern pharmaceutics and medicine, they are used as medicinal.
文摘The paper presents data on the modern state of some important botanical territories of the Ustyurt plateau. Materials on the effect of dust rising from the main highway of the oil and gas sector on the vegetation cover of the adjacent areas studied are considered. The results of the analysis showed that the vitality of dominants and rare species along the road and closer to it is low, the projective coverage does not exceed 8%. Starting from 100 to 200 m, the vitality of the dominants improves. With a distance of 500 m from the roads, the species composition increases, the projective coverage reaches 12%. The evaluation of the vitality of dominant and/or endemic species, the comparison of the projective cover and the species diversity of the pilot site with the control plot, and also the method of weighing the annual shoots of dominant and/or rare species with all vegetative and generative elements in a comparative aspect give reliable results in determining the degree Anthropogenic impact on the vegetation cover of Ustyurt. Inclusion of dominants the restoration of vegetation by phytoremediation of the study area gives promising results.
文摘A decrease in the amount of precipitation is observed on average 18 - 20 mm compared with the periods before the Aral crisis and the average annual temperature rise over the long-term period is 2.0°C in the Central part of Ustyurt. An increase in the Si index meaning an increase in the degree of drought every ten-flight is clearly expressed in the months March-July. Data Analysis 1981-2017 shows that within 36 years the species diversity in the monitoring sites of Kabanbay decreased by 2 - 3 times. In 1981 the number of species fluctuated between the values of 9 - 50, and in 2017 this figure is 4 - 17. The results of the analysis show that the forecast indicators of the old-current state (1981) of the vegetation coverage and number of species were stable or had tendencies with a low regressive character (r2 = 0.01). However, the current-state (2017) of the vegetation coverage and the species composition of the monitoring plots showed a low progressive trend (r2 = 0.03), i.e. in the future, the formation of plant communities with low vegetation coverage and species composition has a dominant status. The results show that in 1981, 65% - 80% of the species composition of plant communities consisted of halophyte and xerophyte groups. In 2017, this figure reaches 80% - 100%, i.e. this claims to increase xerophytization and halophytization of territories. An interesting fact is established with mesophyte group. In general, theoretically, the decrease in the number of mesophyte group of plants for 1981-2017 would have a direct correlation with the vegetation coverage and their active share in it. However, for 36 years, their active share in the vegetation coverage remained unchanged—amounting to 0% - 20%. Of course, in these years, the decrease in the number of mesophyte plants led to an increase in the number of plant communities, in which the proportion of vegetation coverage of mesophyte group is insignificant—0% - 5%. Despite the drought, the active part of the vegetation cover of mesophytic invasive species, such as Poa bulbosa, is consistently maintained.
