The e-mail network is a type of social network. This study analyzes user behavior in e-mail subject participation in organizations by using social network analysis. First, the Enron dataset and the position-related in...The e-mail network is a type of social network. This study analyzes user behavior in e-mail subject participation in organizations by using social network analysis. First, the Enron dataset and the position-related information of an employee are introduced, and methods for deletion of false data are presented. Next, the three-layer model(User, Subject, Keyword) is proposed for analysis of user behavior. Then, the proposed keyword selection algorithm based on a greedy approach, and the influence and propagation of an e-mail subject are defined. Finally, the e-mail user behavior is analyzed for the Enron organization. This study has considerable significance in subject recommendation and character recognition.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low...This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel in industrially polluted environments.The corrosion process of 650 MPa HSLA steel occurred in two distinct stages:an initial corrosion stage and a stable corrosion stage.During the initial phase,the weight loss rate increased rapidly owing to the instability of the rust layer.Notably,this study demonstrated that 650 MPa HSLA steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance in Cl-containing environments.The formation of a corrosion-product film eventually reduced the weight-loss rate.However,the intrusion of Cl^(-)at increasing concentrations gradually destabilized theα/γ^(*)phases of the rust layer,leading to a looser structure and lower polarization resistance(R_(p)).The application of corrosion big data technology in this study facilitated the validation and analysis of the experimental results,offering new insights into the corrosion mechanisms of HSLA steel in chloride-rich environments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite societal guidelines recommending targeted screening for Barrett’s esophagus(BE)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms(GERS),screening adherence is su...BACKGROUND Despite societal guidelines recommending targeted screening for Barrett’s esophagus(BE)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms(GERS),screening adherence is suboptimal.Current screening approaches fail to identify individuals not seeking medical consultation for GERS or whose GERS are managed with‘over-the-counter’(OTC)acid suppressant therapies.AIM To assess patients’self-management and help-seeking behavior for GERS.METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from the Dutch general population aged 18-75 years between January and April 2023 using a web-based survey.The survey included questions regarding self-management(e.g.,use of acid suppressant therapy with or without prescription)and help-seeking behavior(e.g.,consulting a primary care provider)for GERS.Simple random sampling was performed to select individuals within the target age group.In total,18156 randomly selected individuals were invited to participate.The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT05689918).RESULTS Of the 18156 invited individuals,3214 participants(17.7%)completed the survey,of which 1572 participants(48.9%)reported GERS.Of these,904 participants(57.5%)had never consulted a primary care provider for these symptoms,of which 331 participants(36.6%)reported taking OTC acid suppressant therapy in the past six months and 100 participants(11.1%)fulfilled the screening criteria for BE and EAC according to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guideline.CONCLUSION The population fulfilling the screening criteria for BE and EAC is incompletely identified,suggesting potential underutilization of medical consultation.Raising public awareness of GERS as a risk factor for EAC is needed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and of...BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and often the condition is prolonged,and the patients are prone to anxiety and uneasiness,which may be related to the harshness of the plateau environment,somatic discomfort due to the lack of oxygen,anxiety about the disease,and other factors.AIM To investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on anxiety,sleep disorders,and hypoxia tolerance in patients with high-altitude respiratory diseases.METHODS A total of 2337 patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases treated at our hospital between November 2023 and January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The subjects’pre-high-altitude residential altitude was approximately 1700 meters.They were divided into two groups.Both groups were given symptomatic treatment,and the control group implemented conventional nursing intervention,while the research group simultaneously conducted CBT intervention;assessed the degree of health knowledge of the two groups,and applied the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of the patients before and after the intervention,respectively.It also observed the length and efficiency of sleep,and detected the level of serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α,erythropoietin(EPO)and clinical intervention before and after intervention.EPO levels,and investigated satisfaction with the clinical intervention.RESULTS The rate of excellent health knowledge in the intervention group was 93.64%,which was higher than that in the control group(74.23%;P<0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores between the two groups(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in sleep duration and sleep efficiency between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly larger than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum hypoxia inducible factor-1αand EPO between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and both research groups were significantly lower than the control group after intervention(P<0.05).According to the questionnaire survey,the intervention satisfaction of the study group was 95.53%,which was higher than that of the control group(80.14%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT intervention in the treatment of patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases helps improve patients'health knowledge,relieve anxiety,improve sleep quality and hypoxia tolerance,and improve nursing satisfaction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emoti...BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emotional states is imperative.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based psychological interventions in improving the psychological well-being and quality of life(QoL)of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS This study enrolled 120 patients admitted from February 2022 to February 2024.The control group,comprising 50 participants,received standard supportive psychological care,while the research group,consisting 70 participants,underwent CBT-based interventions.Several clinical outcomes were systematically assessed that included postoperative recovery metrics(duration of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence and length of hospitalization),psychological status(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale),nutritional markers(serum albumin and hemoglobin levels),sleep quality(Self-Rating Scale of Sleep and Athens Insomnia Scale),and QoL(Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck).RESULTS The results demonstrated that the research group experienced superior outcomes,with significantly reduced durations of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence,as well as shorter hospital stays,compared with the control group.Additionally,the research group exhibited markedly lower post-intervention Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,and Athens Insomnia Scale scores,along with minimal but higher change in serum albumin and hemoglobin levels compared with the control group.All five domains of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck showed notable improvements in the research group,exceeding those observed in the control group.CONCLUSION CBT-based psychological support positively affects the mental well-being and QoL of patients with laryngeal carcinoma,highlighting its potential for broader clinical application.展开更多
Healthy behavior has long been linked to mental health outcomes.However,the role of artificial intelligence(AI)literacy in shaping healthy behaviors and its potential impact on mental health remains underexplored.This...Healthy behavior has long been linked to mental health outcomes.However,the role of artificial intelligence(AI)literacy in shaping healthy behaviors and its potential impact on mental health remains underexplored.This paper presents a scoping review offering a novel perspective on the intersection of healthy behaviors,mental health,and AI literacy.By examining how individuals’understanding of AI influences their choices regarding nutrition and their susceptibility to mental health issues,the current study explores emerging trends in health behavior decision-making.This emphasizes the need for integrating AI literacy into mental health and health behaviors education,as well as the development of AI-driven tools to support healthier behavior choices.It highlights that individuals with low AI literacy may misinterpret or overly depend on AI guidance,resulting in maladaptive health choices,while those with high AI literacy may be more likely to engage reflectively and sustain positive behaviors.The paper outlines the importance of inclusive education,user-centered design,and community-based support systems to enhance AI literacy for digitally marginalized groups.AI literacy may be positioned as a key determinant of health equity,better allowing for interdisciplinary strategies that empower individuals to make informed,autonomous decisions that promote both physical and mental health.展开更多
This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior...This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.展开更多
The dissimilar 2B06 and 7B04 Al alloy joints were prepared by refill friction stir spot welding(RFSSW),and the microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of the joints were investigated.Based on microstructural ...The dissimilar 2B06 and 7B04 Al alloy joints were prepared by refill friction stir spot welding(RFSSW),and the microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of the joints were investigated.Based on microstructural analysis,the welded joints exhibit distinct microstructural zones,including the stir zone(SZ),thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ),and heat-affected zone(HAZ).The grain size of each zone is in the order of HAZ>TMAZ>SZ.Notably,the TMAZ and HAZ contain significantly larger secondary-phase particles compared to the SZ,with particle size in the HAZ increasing at higher rotational speeds.Electrochemical tests indicate that corrosion susceptibility follows the sequence of HAZ>TMAZ>SZ>BM,with greater sensitivity observed at increased rotational speeds.Post-corrosion mechanical performance degradation primarily arises from crevice corrosion at joint overlaps,but not from the changes in the microstructure.展开更多
In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and ta...In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.展开更多
The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ...The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.展开更多
This paper explores the uses’ influences on microblog. At first, according to the social network theory, we present an analysis of information transmitting network structure based on the relationship of following and...This paper explores the uses’ influences on microblog. At first, according to the social network theory, we present an analysis of information transmitting network structure based on the relationship of following and followed phenomenon of microblog users. Informed by the microblog user behavior analysis, the paper also addresses a model for calculating weights of users’ influence. It proposes a U-R model, using which we can evaluate users’ influence based on PageRank algorithms and analyzes user behaviors. In the U-R model, the effect of user behaviors is explored and PageRank is applied to evaluate the importance and the influence of every user in a microblog network by repeatedly iterating their own U-R value. The users’ influences in a microblog network can be ranked by the U-R value. Finally, the validity of U-R model is proved with a real-life numerical example.展开更多
Purpose:As smartphones become ubiquitous,it is important to understand emerging information behavior as a result of wide spread use of smartphones.The purpose of this study is to investigate information behavior in th...Purpose:As smartphones become ubiquitous,it is important to understand emerging information behavior as a result of wide spread use of smartphones.The purpose of this study is to investigate information behavior in the mobile environment by studying undergraduate smartphone users in China.Design/methodology/approach:This study is based on a survey of 205 undergraduate students in China.Findings:Smartphones are used predominantly for accessing news and connecting to social media,rather than for academic purposes such as accessing library resources or researching.While students use smartphones for reading e-books,much of this reading is recreational during their spare time.Research limitations:The inherent limitations of self-reported measures and the small sample size of this study mean that the results cannot be generalized across different age groups and cultures.Practical implications:When targeting users on the move,information professionals should be aware that the needs and behaviors of smartphone readers are significantly different compared to users of fixed devices,and should provide services in a mobile-friendly way.Originality/value:The younger generation is accustomed to instant information access.For libraries to relevant,they must redesign their services.It is important for libraries to leverage the strengths of mobile technology and to balance traditional services with mobile delivery.Even though many mobile users will use desktop or laptop computers to access library resources,they will benefit from the availability of mobile-friendly library services.展开更多
Purpose:To have a better understanding of library users' social bookmarking behaviors,we conducted a survey of college students to examine how much attention they have paid to social bookmarking results,their soci...Purpose:To have a better understanding of library users' social bookmarking behaviors,we conducted a survey of college students to examine how much attention they have paid to social bookmarking results,their social bookmarking motivations and behaviors on book sharing sites and in their library's OPAC,and their expectations to their library's social bookmarking service.Design/methodology/approach:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate social bookmarking behaviors and motivations of users of Wuhan University Library(WUL) on book sharing sites and in WUL's OPAC.A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and357 valid questionnaires were retrieved.SPSS was used for data analysis.Findings:The results revealed that there were differences between users' social bookmarking behaviors on book sharing sites and in the Library's OPAC.Users preferred to use tags than add tags on book sharing sites.The main tagging motivation on book sharing sites was for meeting users' specific needs such as collection management and book recommendations.As for the Library,the lack of publicity and promotion of the social bookmarking service led to insufficient use of the Library's service.Due to a lack of knowledge of the social bookmarking service,users did not care about the lectures or publicity campaigns about the Library's social bookmarking service.Research limitations:Because social bookmarking was not common among WUL users,and the questionnaires could be handed out to a limited number of people,it was hard to describe users' social bookmarking behaviors in the Library's OPAC by investigating a sample of 357Library users,and therefore we only investigated users' social bookmarking behaviors on the book sharing sites.Practical implications:The survey results provide insights into library users' social bookmarking behaviors and motivations.The study will help academic libraries improve their social bookmarking service.Originality/value:In spite of growing popularity of social bookmarking sites,little has been known about the social bookmarking behaviors of library users.This study investigated college students' social bookmarking behaviors and motivations,providing suggestions for academic libraries to improve their social bookmarking services.展开更多
Purpose:The goal of our research is to suggest specific Web metrics that are useful for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites.Design/methodology/approach:We revised metrics in a...Purpose:The goal of our research is to suggest specific Web metrics that are useful for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites.Design/methodology/approach:We revised metrics in a Web forensic framework proposed in the literature and defined the metrics of footprint,track and movement.Data were obtained from user clickstreams provided by a real estate site’s administrators.There were two phases of data analysis with the first phase on navigation behavior based on user footprints and tracks,and the second phase on navigational transition patterns based on user movements.Findings:Preliminary results suggest that the apartment pages were heavily-trafficked while the agent pages and related information pages were underused to a great extent.Navigation within the same category of pages was prevalent,especially when users navigated among the regional apartment listings.However,navigation of these pages was found to be inefficient.Research limitations:The suggestions for navigation design optimization provided in the paper are specific to this website,and their applicability to other online environments needs to be verified.Preference predications or personal recommendations are not made during the current stage of research.Practical implications:Our clickstream data analysis results offer a base for future research.Meanwhile,website administrators and managers can make better use of the readily available clickstream data to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of their site navigation design.Originality/value:Our empirical study is valuable to those seeking analysis metrics for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites based on clickstream data.Our attempts to analyze the log file in terms of footprint,track and movement will enrich the utilization of such trace data to engender a deeper understanding of users’within-site navigation behavior.展开更多
Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador ...Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area. Methods: We conducted a survey of 420 crack users by using respondent-driven sampling to measure demographic characteristics, the quantity and frequency of drug use, history of STIs, including HIV, and experiences with organizations which provide prevention and treatment of HIV. Each participant offered a free and voluntary HIV test and was asked permission to share the results of the test with the study. Bernoullian modeling was used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV among heterosexual males in this population. Results: The estimated prevalence was 7% (95% CI: 2.3% -9.8%) among participants who agreed to take the test and share the results, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.8% -7.8%) assuming that those who did not take the test or share results were seronegative. Participants reported a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors. In addition, participants were reported to have little knowledge of organizations to prevent or treat HIV/AIDS;58% had never taken an HIV test prior to survey administration. Conclusions: Crack users in San Salvador are at high risk for HIV acquisition. HIV prevention interventions are urgently needed, especially interventions increasing access to HIV testing and prevention.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investiga...The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investigate substance use, sex-risk behavior, and HIV by race and gender, no studies have examined these variables simultaneously. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring HIV prevalence among a predominantly heterosexual sample of recent substance users by injection drug use (IDU) status, race, and sex. Baseline data from the Baltimore site of the NEURO-HIV epidemiologic study was used in this study. This study examines neuropsychological and social-behavioral risk factors of HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among both injection and non-injection drug users. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were used in data analyses. Blood and urine samples were obtained to test for the presence of recent drug use, viral hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Findings presented here have several important implications for HIV prevention and care among substance users. Intervention programs that incorporate substance use treatment in addition to HIV education, particularly with respect to substance use and sex risk behavior are imperative.展开更多
A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on...A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on the dimension of predicted probability, and the pruning algorithm based on greedy forward search is obtained by combining the two indicators of accuracy and complementarity.Then the pruning algorithm is integrated into the Stacking ensemble method to establish a user online shopping behavior prediction model based on the probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble method.Finally, the research method is compared with the prediction results of individual learners in ensemble learning and the Stacking ensemble method without pruning.The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the scale of integration, improve the prediction accuracy of the model, and predict the user's online purchase behavior.展开更多
The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superallo...The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superalloys generally originate from defect locations on the subsurface or interior of the specimen at 850℃.Under the condition of stress ratio R=0.05,as the fatigue load decreases,the high-cycle fatigue life gradually increases.The high-cycle fatigue fracture is mainly characterized by octahedral slip mechanism.At high stress and low lifespan,the fracture exhibits single or multiple slip surface features.Some fractures originate along a vertical small plane and then propagate along the{111}slip surface.At low stress and high lifespan,the fracture surface tend to alternate and expand along multiple slip planes after originating from subsurface or internal sources,exhibiting characteristics of multiple slip planes.Through electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis,there is obvious oxidation behavior on the surface of the high-cycle fatigue fracture,and the fracture section is composed of oxidation layer,distortion layer,and matrix layer from the outside to the inside.Among them,the main components of the oxidation layer are oxides of Ni and Co.The distortion layer is mainly distributed in the form of elongated or short rod-shaped oxides of Al,Ta,and W.The matrix layer is a single crystal layer.Crack initiation and propagation mechanism were obtained by systematical analysis of a large number of highcycle fatigue fractures.In addition,the stress ratio of 0.05 is closer to the vibration mode of turbine blades during actual service,providing effective guidance for the study of failure and fracture mechanisms of turbine blades.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased ph...Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased physical activity(PA)are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM.This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM,the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM,aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities,amounts,frequencies,durations and types on the incidence of DM.Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB.Within a certain range,PA intensity and PA amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM;Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure;Engaging in 150–300 min of moderate intensity exercise or 75–150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM;PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM,while PA during work increases the risk of DM;Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM,and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits;Various types of exercises,such as cycling,soccer,aerobics,yoga,tai chi,all reduce the risk of DM.In summary,prolonged SB increases the risk of DM,while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM.As the intensity,amount,and frequency of PA increase,the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant.Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number No.61100008,61201084the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2013M541346+3 种基金Heilongiiang Postdoctoral Special Fund(Postdoctoral Youth Talent Program)under Grant No.LBH-TZ0504Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund under Grant No.LBH-Z13058the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.QC2015076The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under grant number HEUCF100602
文摘The e-mail network is a type of social network. This study analyzes user behavior in e-mail subject participation in organizations by using social network analysis. First, the Enron dataset and the position-related information of an employee are introduced, and methods for deletion of false data are presented. Next, the three-layer model(User, Subject, Keyword) is proposed for analysis of user behavior. Then, the proposed keyword selection algorithm based on a greedy approach, and the influence and propagation of an e-mail subject are defined. Finally, the e-mail user behavior is analyzed for the Enron organization. This study has considerable significance in subject recommendation and character recognition.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104319 and 52374323)。
文摘This study utilizes wet/dry cyclic corrosion testing combined with corrosion big data technology to investigate the mechanism by which chloride ions(Cl^(-))influence the corrosion behavior of 650 MPa high-strength low-alloy(HSLA)steel in industrially polluted environments.The corrosion process of 650 MPa HSLA steel occurred in two distinct stages:an initial corrosion stage and a stable corrosion stage.During the initial phase,the weight loss rate increased rapidly owing to the instability of the rust layer.Notably,this study demonstrated that 650 MPa HSLA steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance in Cl-containing environments.The formation of a corrosion-product film eventually reduced the weight-loss rate.However,the intrusion of Cl^(-)at increasing concentrations gradually destabilized theα/γ^(*)phases of the rust layer,leading to a looser structure and lower polarization resistance(R_(p)).The application of corrosion big data technology in this study facilitated the validation and analysis of the experimental results,offering new insights into the corrosion mechanisms of HSLA steel in chloride-rich environments.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite societal guidelines recommending targeted screening for Barrett’s esophagus(BE)and esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)in individuals with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms(GERS),screening adherence is suboptimal.Current screening approaches fail to identify individuals not seeking medical consultation for GERS or whose GERS are managed with‘over-the-counter’(OTC)acid suppressant therapies.AIM To assess patients’self-management and help-seeking behavior for GERS.METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from the Dutch general population aged 18-75 years between January and April 2023 using a web-based survey.The survey included questions regarding self-management(e.g.,use of acid suppressant therapy with or without prescription)and help-seeking behavior(e.g.,consulting a primary care provider)for GERS.Simple random sampling was performed to select individuals within the target age group.In total,18156 randomly selected individuals were invited to participate.The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT05689918).RESULTS Of the 18156 invited individuals,3214 participants(17.7%)completed the survey,of which 1572 participants(48.9%)reported GERS.Of these,904 participants(57.5%)had never consulted a primary care provider for these symptoms,of which 331 participants(36.6%)reported taking OTC acid suppressant therapy in the past six months and 100 participants(11.1%)fulfilled the screening criteria for BE and EAC according to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guideline.CONCLUSION The population fulfilling the screening criteria for BE and EAC is incompletely identified,suggesting potential underutilization of medical consultation.Raising public awareness of GERS as a risk factor for EAC is needed.
基金Supported by Army Logistics Department Health Bureau Project,No.QJGYXYJZX-012.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and often the condition is prolonged,and the patients are prone to anxiety and uneasiness,which may be related to the harshness of the plateau environment,somatic discomfort due to the lack of oxygen,anxiety about the disease,and other factors.AIM To investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on anxiety,sleep disorders,and hypoxia tolerance in patients with high-altitude respiratory diseases.METHODS A total of 2337 patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases treated at our hospital between November 2023 and January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The subjects’pre-high-altitude residential altitude was approximately 1700 meters.They were divided into two groups.Both groups were given symptomatic treatment,and the control group implemented conventional nursing intervention,while the research group simultaneously conducted CBT intervention;assessed the degree of health knowledge of the two groups,and applied the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of the patients before and after the intervention,respectively.It also observed the length and efficiency of sleep,and detected the level of serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α,erythropoietin(EPO)and clinical intervention before and after intervention.EPO levels,and investigated satisfaction with the clinical intervention.RESULTS The rate of excellent health knowledge in the intervention group was 93.64%,which was higher than that in the control group(74.23%;P<0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores between the two groups(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in sleep duration and sleep efficiency between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly larger than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum hypoxia inducible factor-1αand EPO between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and both research groups were significantly lower than the control group after intervention(P<0.05).According to the questionnaire survey,the intervention satisfaction of the study group was 95.53%,which was higher than that of the control group(80.14%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT intervention in the treatment of patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases helps improve patients'health knowledge,relieve anxiety,improve sleep quality and hypoxia tolerance,and improve nursing satisfaction.
文摘BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emotional states is imperative.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based psychological interventions in improving the psychological well-being and quality of life(QoL)of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS This study enrolled 120 patients admitted from February 2022 to February 2024.The control group,comprising 50 participants,received standard supportive psychological care,while the research group,consisting 70 participants,underwent CBT-based interventions.Several clinical outcomes were systematically assessed that included postoperative recovery metrics(duration of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence and length of hospitalization),psychological status(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale),nutritional markers(serum albumin and hemoglobin levels),sleep quality(Self-Rating Scale of Sleep and Athens Insomnia Scale),and QoL(Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck).RESULTS The results demonstrated that the research group experienced superior outcomes,with significantly reduced durations of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence,as well as shorter hospital stays,compared with the control group.Additionally,the research group exhibited markedly lower post-intervention Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,and Athens Insomnia Scale scores,along with minimal but higher change in serum albumin and hemoglobin levels compared with the control group.All five domains of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck showed notable improvements in the research group,exceeding those observed in the control group.CONCLUSION CBT-based psychological support positively affects the mental well-being and QoL of patients with laryngeal carcinoma,highlighting its potential for broader clinical application.
文摘Healthy behavior has long been linked to mental health outcomes.However,the role of artificial intelligence(AI)literacy in shaping healthy behaviors and its potential impact on mental health remains underexplored.This paper presents a scoping review offering a novel perspective on the intersection of healthy behaviors,mental health,and AI literacy.By examining how individuals’understanding of AI influences their choices regarding nutrition and their susceptibility to mental health issues,the current study explores emerging trends in health behavior decision-making.This emphasizes the need for integrating AI literacy into mental health and health behaviors education,as well as the development of AI-driven tools to support healthier behavior choices.It highlights that individuals with low AI literacy may misinterpret or overly depend on AI guidance,resulting in maladaptive health choices,while those with high AI literacy may be more likely to engage reflectively and sustain positive behaviors.The paper outlines the importance of inclusive education,user-centered design,and community-based support systems to enhance AI literacy for digitally marginalized groups.AI literacy may be positioned as a key determinant of health equity,better allowing for interdisciplinary strategies that empower individuals to make informed,autonomous decisions that promote both physical and mental health.
文摘This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52075449, 51975480)。
文摘The dissimilar 2B06 and 7B04 Al alloy joints were prepared by refill friction stir spot welding(RFSSW),and the microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of the joints were investigated.Based on microstructural analysis,the welded joints exhibit distinct microstructural zones,including the stir zone(SZ),thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ),and heat-affected zone(HAZ).The grain size of each zone is in the order of HAZ>TMAZ>SZ.Notably,the TMAZ and HAZ contain significantly larger secondary-phase particles compared to the SZ,with particle size in the HAZ increasing at higher rotational speeds.Electrochemical tests indicate that corrosion susceptibility follows the sequence of HAZ>TMAZ>SZ>BM,with greater sensitivity observed at increased rotational speeds.Post-corrosion mechanical performance degradation primarily arises from crevice corrosion at joint overlaps,but not from the changes in the microstructure.
文摘In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.T2325004 and 52161160330)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.12504233)+2 种基金Advanced MaterialsNational Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0606900)the Talent Hub for “AI+New Materials” Basic Researchthe Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo (Grant No.2025Z088)。
文摘The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.
文摘This paper explores the uses’ influences on microblog. At first, according to the social network theory, we present an analysis of information transmitting network structure based on the relationship of following and followed phenomenon of microblog users. Informed by the microblog user behavior analysis, the paper also addresses a model for calculating weights of users’ influence. It proposes a U-R model, using which we can evaluate users’ influence based on PageRank algorithms and analyzes user behaviors. In the U-R model, the effect of user behaviors is explored and PageRank is applied to evaluate the importance and the influence of every user in a microblog network by repeatedly iterating their own U-R value. The users’ influences in a microblog network can be ranked by the U-R value. Finally, the validity of U-R model is proved with a real-life numerical example.
文摘Purpose:As smartphones become ubiquitous,it is important to understand emerging information behavior as a result of wide spread use of smartphones.The purpose of this study is to investigate information behavior in the mobile environment by studying undergraduate smartphone users in China.Design/methodology/approach:This study is based on a survey of 205 undergraduate students in China.Findings:Smartphones are used predominantly for accessing news and connecting to social media,rather than for academic purposes such as accessing library resources or researching.While students use smartphones for reading e-books,much of this reading is recreational during their spare time.Research limitations:The inherent limitations of self-reported measures and the small sample size of this study mean that the results cannot be generalized across different age groups and cultures.Practical implications:When targeting users on the move,information professionals should be aware that the needs and behaviors of smartphone readers are significantly different compared to users of fixed devices,and should provide services in a mobile-friendly way.Originality/value:The younger generation is accustomed to instant information access.For libraries to relevant,they must redesign their services.It is important for libraries to leverage the strengths of mobile technology and to balance traditional services with mobile delivery.Even though many mobile users will use desktop or laptop computers to access library resources,they will benefit from the availability of mobile-friendly library services.
基金supported by the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China
文摘Purpose:To have a better understanding of library users' social bookmarking behaviors,we conducted a survey of college students to examine how much attention they have paid to social bookmarking results,their social bookmarking motivations and behaviors on book sharing sites and in their library's OPAC,and their expectations to their library's social bookmarking service.Design/methodology/approach:A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate social bookmarking behaviors and motivations of users of Wuhan University Library(WUL) on book sharing sites and in WUL's OPAC.A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and357 valid questionnaires were retrieved.SPSS was used for data analysis.Findings:The results revealed that there were differences between users' social bookmarking behaviors on book sharing sites and in the Library's OPAC.Users preferred to use tags than add tags on book sharing sites.The main tagging motivation on book sharing sites was for meeting users' specific needs such as collection management and book recommendations.As for the Library,the lack of publicity and promotion of the social bookmarking service led to insufficient use of the Library's service.Due to a lack of knowledge of the social bookmarking service,users did not care about the lectures or publicity campaigns about the Library's social bookmarking service.Research limitations:Because social bookmarking was not common among WUL users,and the questionnaires could be handed out to a limited number of people,it was hard to describe users' social bookmarking behaviors in the Library's OPAC by investigating a sample of 357Library users,and therefore we only investigated users' social bookmarking behaviors on the book sharing sites.Practical implications:The survey results provide insights into library users' social bookmarking behaviors and motivations.The study will help academic libraries improve their social bookmarking service.Originality/value:In spite of growing popularity of social bookmarking sites,little has been known about the social bookmarking behaviors of library users.This study investigated college students' social bookmarking behaviors and motivations,providing suggestions for academic libraries to improve their social bookmarking services.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:71203163)the Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.:12YJC870011)
文摘Purpose:The goal of our research is to suggest specific Web metrics that are useful for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites.Design/methodology/approach:We revised metrics in a Web forensic framework proposed in the literature and defined the metrics of footprint,track and movement.Data were obtained from user clickstreams provided by a real estate site’s administrators.There were two phases of data analysis with the first phase on navigation behavior based on user footprints and tracks,and the second phase on navigational transition patterns based on user movements.Findings:Preliminary results suggest that the apartment pages were heavily-trafficked while the agent pages and related information pages were underused to a great extent.Navigation within the same category of pages was prevalent,especially when users navigated among the regional apartment listings.However,navigation of these pages was found to be inefficient.Research limitations:The suggestions for navigation design optimization provided in the paper are specific to this website,and their applicability to other online environments needs to be verified.Preference predications or personal recommendations are not made during the current stage of research.Practical implications:Our clickstream data analysis results offer a base for future research.Meanwhile,website administrators and managers can make better use of the readily available clickstream data to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of their site navigation design.Originality/value:Our empirical study is valuable to those seeking analysis metrics for evaluating and improving user navigation experience on informational websites based on clickstream data.Our attempts to analyze the log file in terms of footprint,track and movement will enrich the utilization of such trace data to engender a deeper understanding of users’within-site navigation behavior.
文摘Objective: It is in order to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV, the frequency of sexual risk behaviors, and perceptions of available resources to prevent and treat HIV among crack users in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area. Methods: We conducted a survey of 420 crack users by using respondent-driven sampling to measure demographic characteristics, the quantity and frequency of drug use, history of STIs, including HIV, and experiences with organizations which provide prevention and treatment of HIV. Each participant offered a free and voluntary HIV test and was asked permission to share the results of the test with the study. Bernoullian modeling was used to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HIV among heterosexual males in this population. Results: The estimated prevalence was 7% (95% CI: 2.3% -9.8%) among participants who agreed to take the test and share the results, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.8% -7.8%) assuming that those who did not take the test or share results were seronegative. Participants reported a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors. In addition, participants were reported to have little knowledge of organizations to prevent or treat HIV/AIDS;58% had never taken an HIV test prior to survey administration. Conclusions: Crack users in San Salvador are at high risk for HIV acquisition. HIV prevention interventions are urgently needed, especially interventions increasing access to HIV testing and prevention.
文摘The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investigate substance use, sex-risk behavior, and HIV by race and gender, no studies have examined these variables simultaneously. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring HIV prevalence among a predominantly heterosexual sample of recent substance users by injection drug use (IDU) status, race, and sex. Baseline data from the Baltimore site of the NEURO-HIV epidemiologic study was used in this study. This study examines neuropsychological and social-behavioral risk factors of HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among both injection and non-injection drug users. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were used in data analyses. Blood and urine samples were obtained to test for the presence of recent drug use, viral hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Findings presented here have several important implications for HIV prevention and care among substance users. Intervention programs that incorporate substance use treatment in addition to HIV education, particularly with respect to substance use and sex risk behavior are imperative.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJKZ0139)。
文摘A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on the dimension of predicted probability, and the pruning algorithm based on greedy forward search is obtained by combining the two indicators of accuracy and complementarity.Then the pruning algorithm is integrated into the Stacking ensemble method to establish a user online shopping behavior prediction model based on the probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble method.Finally, the research method is compared with the prediction results of individual learners in ensemble learning and the Stacking ensemble method without pruning.The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the scale of integration, improve the prediction accuracy of the model, and predict the user's online purchase behavior.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project(J2019-VI-0022-0138)。
文摘The high-cycle fatigue fracture characteristics and damage mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloys at 850℃ was investigated.The results indicate that high-cycle fatigue cracks in single crystal superalloys generally originate from defect locations on the subsurface or interior of the specimen at 850℃.Under the condition of stress ratio R=0.05,as the fatigue load decreases,the high-cycle fatigue life gradually increases.The high-cycle fatigue fracture is mainly characterized by octahedral slip mechanism.At high stress and low lifespan,the fracture exhibits single or multiple slip surface features.Some fractures originate along a vertical small plane and then propagate along the{111}slip surface.At low stress and high lifespan,the fracture surface tend to alternate and expand along multiple slip planes after originating from subsurface or internal sources,exhibiting characteristics of multiple slip planes.Through electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis,there is obvious oxidation behavior on the surface of the high-cycle fatigue fracture,and the fracture section is composed of oxidation layer,distortion layer,and matrix layer from the outside to the inside.Among them,the main components of the oxidation layer are oxides of Ni and Co.The distortion layer is mainly distributed in the form of elongated or short rod-shaped oxides of Al,Ta,and W.The matrix layer is a single crystal layer.Crack initiation and propagation mechanism were obtained by systematical analysis of a large number of highcycle fatigue fractures.In addition,the stress ratio of 0.05 is closer to the vibration mode of turbine blades during actual service,providing effective guidance for the study of failure and fracture mechanisms of turbine blades.
基金Key Project of Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research of Shandong Normal University(No.2024ZJ12)sixth batch of"Sports and Health"special topic of Education Research of Chinese Society of Education。
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)has become one of the most serious and common chronic diseases around the world,leading to various complications and a reduction in life expectancy.Increased sedentary behavior(SB)and decreased physical activity(PA)are important contributors to the rising prevalence of DM.This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of DM,the effects of SB and PA on the risk of DM,aiming to explore the influence of different PA intensities,amounts,frequencies,durations and types on the incidence of DM.Research has shown that blood glucose levels tend to increase with the prolongation of SB.Within a certain range,PA intensity and PA amount are negatively correlated with the risk of DM;Performing PA for more than 3 days per week maintains normal glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure;Engaging in 150–300 min of moderate intensity exercise or 75–150 min of high-intensity exercise per week reduces the risk of DM;PA during leisure time reduces the risk of DM,while PA during work increases the risk of DM;Both aerobic training and resistance training reduce the risk of DM,and the combination of the two training methods produces better benefits;Various types of exercises,such as cycling,soccer,aerobics,yoga,tai chi,all reduce the risk of DM.In summary,prolonged SB increases the risk of DM,while appropriate PA reduces the risk of DM.As the intensity,amount,and frequency of PA increase,the effect of reducing DM risk becomes more significant.Different exercise methods have different effects on reducing DM risk.
