IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furth...IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. In this work, an IoT application framework is presented with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA). The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The security in the model is a built-in feature in its structure. The model is built on recommended frameworks;therefore, it is ready for integration with other web standards for data sharing, which will help in making IoT applications integrated from different developing parties.展开更多
Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scal...Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scalability, performance, and security form a triangle of requirements that must be carefully set. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. A previously proposed IoT application framework with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA) is analyzed in this work. The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The results and analysis showed that the built-in security model had performed better than models with other frameworks, especially with fog implementation.展开更多
User-centric data sharing is essential to encourage citizens'active participation in the digital economy.One key to smart cities,a form of the digital economy,is the promotion of public use of citizen data.Neverth...User-centric data sharing is essential to encourage citizens'active participation in the digital economy.One key to smart cities,a form of the digital economy,is the promotion of public use of citizen data.Nevertheless,it is not easy to utilize data without citizens’consent.In this study,we took a technological approach to these issues.Usermanaged access(UMA)is a well-known framework for delegating resource access rights to others on the Internet.In UMA,authorization mechanisms are designed to be centralized so that resource owners can centrally manage access rights for various resources stored in different domains.However,the lack of transparency in the authorization mechanism is a barrier to its implementation in large-scale systems such as smart cities.In this study,we developed a blockchain-based cross-domain authorization architecture that enables a resource-sharing ecosystem in which organizations that wish to utilize data can freely trade with each other.The proposed architecture solves the transparency problem that conventional authorization systems have had by designing the authorization mechanism on blockchain technology.We implemented the proposed architecture as smart contracts and evaluated its processing performance.The resultant time required for delegating access rights and accessing resources was less than 500 ms.Furthermore,we found that the fluctuation in the processing time overhead was small.Based on these results,we concluded that performance degradation with the proposed architecture is minor.展开更多
文摘IoT applications are promising for future daily activities;therefore, the number of IoT connected devices is expected to reach billions in the coming few years. However, IoT has different application frameworks. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. In this work, an IoT application framework is presented with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA). The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The security in the model is a built-in feature in its structure. The model is built on recommended frameworks;therefore, it is ready for integration with other web standards for data sharing, which will help in making IoT applications integrated from different developing parties.
文摘Internet of Things (IoT) environments are being deployed all over the globe. They have the potential to form solutions to applications, from small scale applications to national and international ones. Therefore, scalability, performance, and security form a triangle of requirements that must be carefully set. Furthermore, IoT applications require higher security standards. A previously proposed IoT application framework with a security embedded structure using the integration between message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) and user-managed access (UMA) is analyzed in this work. The performance analysis of the model is presented. Comparing the model with existing models and different design structures shows that the model presented in this work is promising for a functioning IoT design model with security. The results and analysis showed that the built-in security model had performed better than models with other frameworks, especially with fog implementation.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Number JP19K11963,JP22K17881,JP18K04133,and JP22H00550).
文摘User-centric data sharing is essential to encourage citizens'active participation in the digital economy.One key to smart cities,a form of the digital economy,is the promotion of public use of citizen data.Nevertheless,it is not easy to utilize data without citizens’consent.In this study,we took a technological approach to these issues.Usermanaged access(UMA)is a well-known framework for delegating resource access rights to others on the Internet.In UMA,authorization mechanisms are designed to be centralized so that resource owners can centrally manage access rights for various resources stored in different domains.However,the lack of transparency in the authorization mechanism is a barrier to its implementation in large-scale systems such as smart cities.In this study,we developed a blockchain-based cross-domain authorization architecture that enables a resource-sharing ecosystem in which organizations that wish to utilize data can freely trade with each other.The proposed architecture solves the transparency problem that conventional authorization systems have had by designing the authorization mechanism on blockchain technology.We implemented the proposed architecture as smart contracts and evaluated its processing performance.The resultant time required for delegating access rights and accessing resources was less than 500 ms.Furthermore,we found that the fluctuation in the processing time overhead was small.Based on these results,we concluded that performance degradation with the proposed architecture is minor.
