As agricultural machines become more complex, it is increasingly critical that special attention be directed to the design of the user interface to ensure that the operator will have an adequate understanding of the s...As agricultural machines become more complex, it is increasingly critical that special attention be directed to the design of the user interface to ensure that the operator will have an adequate understanding of the status of the machine at all times. A user-centred design focus was employed to develop two conceptual designs (UCD1 & UCD2) for a user interface for an agricultural air seeder. The two concepts were compared against an existing user interface (baseline condition) using the metrics of situation awareness (Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique), mental workload (Integrated Workload Scale), reaction time, and subjective feedback. There were no statistically significant differences among the three user interfaces based on the metric of situation awareness;however, UCD2 was deemed to be significantly better than either UCD1 or the baseline interface on the basis of mental workload, reaction time and subjective feedback. The research has demonstrated that a user-centred design focus will generate a better user interface for an agricultural machine.展开更多
This article describes a user-centred method used to design innovative pattern recognition software for technical paper documents. This kind of software can make some errors of interpretation. It will therefore be imp...This article describes a user-centred method used to design innovative pattern recognition software for technical paper documents. This kind of software can make some errors of interpretation. It will therefore be important that human operators are able to identify and correct these mistakes. The identification of errors is a difficult task because operators need to establish co-reference between the initial document and it interpretation. Moreover, users must be able to checks the interpretation without forgetting any area. This task requires the interface is easy to use. The experiments showed that the sequential display of interpretation is the most effective and that the interruptions by user reduce task duration. Moreover, queries by the system may improve error detection. This paper summarizes the main results of the research conducted in the context of this design for enhance the interface, and describes the specifications to which it gave rise.展开更多
Cell-free network is a promising architecture with numerous merits in energy efficiency and macro diversity,which is easy and flexible to integrate with other communication technologies.However,its current network top...Cell-free network is a promising architecture with numerous merits in energy efficiency and macro diversity,which is easy and flexible to integrate with other communication technologies.However,its current network topology where access points(APs)are connected to a central processing unit(CPU)to jointly serve the users,causes huge burden to the fronthaul network.To deal with this problem,in this paper,we first combine thoughts in user-centric(UC)network where users are served by selected subset of APs.Then,we propose a successful transmission probability(STP)based AP clustering scheme to reduce the fronthaul capacity requirement(FCR).By using stochastic geometry and proper approximation methods,the approximated STP calculation expression is derived.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the obtained STP expression can provide a tight approximation compared to Monte Carlo simulation results under different system parameters while keeping the computation tractable.Furthermore,the relationship between the FCR and the STP threshold is formulated as a clustering optimization problem,which gives insights on clustering design in UC-CF network systems.We show by simulation results that the proposed scheme requires less fronthaul capacity than the original CF approach while ensuring the STP performance.展开更多
In ultra-dense networks(UDN),multiple association can be regarded as a user-centric pattern in which a user can be served by multiple base stations(BSs).The data rate and quality of service can be improved.However,BSs...In ultra-dense networks(UDN),multiple association can be regarded as a user-centric pattern in which a user can be served by multiple base stations(BSs).The data rate and quality of service can be improved.However,BSs in user-centric paradigm are required to serve more users due to this multiple association scheme.The improvement of system performance may be limited by the improving load of BSs.In this letter,we develope an analytical framework for the load distribution of BSs in heterogeneous user-centric UDN.Based on open loop power control(OLPC),a user-centric scheme is considered in which the clustered serving BSs can provide given signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR)for any typical user.As for any BS in different tiers,by leveraging stochastic geometry,we derive the Probability Mass Function(PMF)of the number of the served users,the Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)of total power consumption,and the CDF bounds of downlink sum data rate.The accuracy of the theoretical analysis is validated by numerical simulations,and the effect the system parameters on the load of BSs is also presented.展开更多
Network densification is a promising solution to fulfill network capacity requirement and transmission rate for beyond 5G and 6G wireless communications.Ultra-dense network(UDN)integrates heterogeneous network resourc...Network densification is a promising solution to fulfill network capacity requirement and transmission rate for beyond 5G and 6G wireless communications.Ultra-dense network(UDN)integrates heterogeneous network resources and coordinates technologies on quality of service controlling,to provide users with flexible service.However,dense deployment reduces coverage radius of the cell,resulting in an increase on handover frequency,which makes a serious impact on service continuity.In this paper,we propose a proactive selection method for dynamic access points grouping(DAPGing)in accordance with“user-centric”philosophy,which selects target Access Points(AP)and reduces handover times to ensure communication continuity.This method includes two criteria:1)the user’s sojourn time,which is determined by analyzing the AP coverage area;2)neighbor relationship between APs,which is determined by coverage area and signal strength characteristics between neighboring APs.Therefore,candidate APs become the proactive selected ones to update the AP group.Stochastic geometry is used to build system model and performance metrics are analyzed,including AP group coverage probability and average update frequency.Experimental analysis shows that the proposed proactive selection method brings similar coverage probability to traditional handover method,while average update frequency is reduced more than 20%selection criteria.展开更多
The mobile data traffic has been exponentially growing during the last several decades.This was enabled by the densification of the network infrastructure in terms of increased cell density(i.e.,Ultra-Dense Network(UD...The mobile data traffic has been exponentially growing during the last several decades.This was enabled by the densification of the network infrastructure in terms of increased cell density(i.e.,Ultra-Dense Network(UDN))and/or the increased number of active antennas per Access Point(AP)(i.e.,massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(mMIMO)).However,neither UDN nor mMIMO will meet the increasing demand for the data rate of the Sixth Generation(6G)wireless communications due to the inter-cell interference and large quality-of-service variations.Cell-Free(CF)mMIMO,which combines the best aspects of UDN and mMIMO,is viewed as a key solution to this issue.In such systems,each User Equipment(UE)is served by a preferred set of surrounding APs cooperatively.In this paper,we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art literature on CF mMIMO.As a starting point,the significance and the basic properties of CF mMIMO are highlighted.We then present the canonical framework to discuss the essential details(i.e.,transmission procedure and mathematical system model).Next,we provide a deep look at the resource allocation and signal processing problems related to CF mMIMO and survey the up-to-date schemes and algorithms.After that,we discuss the practical issues in implementing CF mMIMO and point out the potential future directions.Finally,we conclude this paper with a summary of the key lessons learned in this field.展开更多
5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component i...5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component in achieving this goal. In this paper, we outline the main challenges that come with dense cell deployment, including interference, mobility, power consumption and backhaul. Technologies designed to tackle these challenges in long term evolution system(LTE) and their deficiencies in UDN context are also analyzed. To combat these challenges more efficiently, a series of technologies are introduced along with some of our initial research results. Moreover, the trends of user-centric and peer-to-peer design in UDN are also elaborated.展开更多
The key technologies involved in the evolution of the Cloud-based Radio Access Network(C-RAN) are discussed in this paper. Taking the Frameless Network Architecture(FNA) as a starting point, a cell-lessbased network t...The key technologies involved in the evolution of the Cloud-based Radio Access Network(C-RAN) are discussed in this paper. Taking the Frameless Network Architecture(FNA) as a starting point, a cell-lessbased network topology for a multi-tier Heterogeneous Network(Het Net) and ultra-dense network is proposed. The FNA network topology modeling is researched with centralized processing and distributed antenna deployments. The Antenna Element(AE) is released as a new dimensional radio resource that is included in the centralized Radio Resource Management(RRM) processes. This contributes to the on-demand user-centric serving-set associations with cell-edge effect elimination. The Control Plane(CP) and User Plane(UP) separation and adaptation are introduced for energy efficiency improvements. The centralized RRM and different optimization goals are discussed for fully exploring the merits from the centralized computing of C-RAN. Considering the complexity, near-optimal approaches for specific users' Quality-of-Service(Qo S) requirements are addressed. Finally, based on the research highlighted above, the way forward of C-RAN evolution is discussed.展开更多
Recent advancements in the Internet of Things IoT and cloud computing have paved the way for mobile Healthcare(mHealthcare)services.A patient within the hospital is monitored by several devices.Moreover,upon leaving t...Recent advancements in the Internet of Things IoT and cloud computing have paved the way for mobile Healthcare(mHealthcare)services.A patient within the hospital is monitored by several devices.Moreover,upon leaving the hospital,the patient can be remotely monitored whether directly using body wearable sensors or using a smartphone equipped with sensors to monitor different user-health parameters.This raises potential challenges for intelligent monitoring of patient's health.In this paper,an improved architecture for smart mHealthcare is proposed that is supported by HCI design principles.The HCI also provides the support for the User-Centric Design(UCD)for smart mHealthcare models.Furthermore,the HCI along with IoT's(Internet of Things)5-layered architecture has the potential of improving User Experience(UX)in mHealthcare design and help saving lives.The intelligent mHealthcare system is supported by the IoT sensing and communication layers and health care providers are supported by the application layer for the medical,behavioral,and health-related information.Health care providers and users are further supported by an intelligent layer performing critical situation assessment and performing a multi-modal communication using an intelligent assistant.The HCI design focuses on the ease-of-use,including user experience and safety,alarms,and error-resistant displays of the end-user,and improves user's experience and user satisfaction.展开更多
Social Edge Service(SES)is an emerging mechanism in the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)orchestration for effective user-centric reliable communication and computation.The services are affected by active and/or passive...Social Edge Service(SES)is an emerging mechanism in the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)orchestration for effective user-centric reliable communication and computation.The services are affected by active and/or passive attacks such as replay attacks,message tampering because of sharing the same spectrum,as well as inadequate trust measurement methods among intelligent devices(roadside units,mobile edge devices,servers)during computing and content-sharing.These issues lead to computation and communication overhead of servers and computation nodes.To address this issue,we propose the HybridgrAph-Deep-learning(HAD)approach in two stages for secure communication and computation.First,the Adaptive Trust Weight(ATW)model with relation-based feedback fusion analysis to estimate the fitness-priority of every node based on directed graph theory to detect malicious nodes and reduce computation and communication overhead.Second,a Quotient User-centric Coeval-Learning(QUCL)mechanism to formulate secure channel selection,and Nash equilibrium method for optimizing the communication to share data over edge devices.The simulation results confirm that our proposed approach has achieved effective communication and computation performance,and enhanced Social Edge Services(SES)reliability than state-of-the-art approaches.展开更多
This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can...This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.展开更多
This paper deals with the recommendation system in the so-called user-centric payment environment where users,i.e.,the payers,can make payments without providing self-information to merchants.This service maintains on...This paper deals with the recommendation system in the so-called user-centric payment environment where users,i.e.,the payers,can make payments without providing self-information to merchants.This service maintains only the minimum purchase information such as the purchased product names,the time of purchase,the place of purchase for possible refunds or cancellations of purchases.This study aims to develop AI-based recommendation system by utilizing the minimum transaction data generated by the user-centric payment service.First,we developed a matrix-based extrapolative collaborative filtering algorithm based on open transaction data.The recommendation methodology was verified with the real transaction data.Based on the experimental results,we confirmed that the recommendation performance is satisfactory only with the minimum purchase information.展开更多
Fully coordinated Cell-Free(CF)networks can alleviate the Inter-Cell Interference(ICI)for the cell-edge users in cellular networks.Due to the complex topology of the association between the Access Points(APs)and the u...Fully coordinated Cell-Free(CF)networks can alleviate the Inter-Cell Interference(ICI)for the cell-edge users in cellular networks.Due to the complex topology of the association between the Access Points(APs)and the users in CF networks,it is challenging to deploy CF networks in practical scenarios.In order to make CF networks feasible,we introduce User-Centric(UC)networks enabling each user served by a limited number of APs.As a low-cost and energy-efficient technology,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)can be embedded in UC networks to further improve the system performance.First,we provide a brief survey on the prior works in UC networks for clear comprehension.Then,we formulate a Spectral Efficiency(SE)maximization problem for RIS-enhanced UC networks.For solving the non-convex problem,we divide it into three subproblems and propose a joint optimization framework for optimizing AP-user association,active beamforming of multiple antennas at the APs,and the passive beamforming of the RIS.Besides,a channel gain based association method coupled with the design of RIS is proposed to construct a dynamic and efficient association.The subproblems about optimizing active and passive beamforming are solved with the fractional programming.Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization framework for RIS-enhanced UC networks can obtain good SE compared with other benchmark schemes.展开更多
Enterprise architecture (EA) efforts focus on business, technology, data, and application architecture, and their integration. However, less attention has been given to one of the most critical EA elements, i.e., user...Enterprise architecture (EA) efforts focus on business, technology, data, and application architecture, and their integration. However, less attention has been given to one of the most critical EA elements, i.e., users (EA audiences). As a result, existing EA management systems (EAMS) have become old, large, content-centric document-repositories that are unable to provide meaningful information of use to the enterprise users and aligned with their needs and functional scope. We argue that a semantic technology based mechanism focusing on enterprise information and user-centricity has the potential to solve this problem. In this context, we present a novel ontology-based strategy named the user-centric semantics-oriented EA (U-SEA) model. Based on this model, we have developed a user-centric semantics-oriented enterprise architecture management (U-SEAM) system. Our approach is generic enough to be used in a wide variety of user-centric EAM applications. The results obtained show computational feasibility to integrate and govern enterprise information and to reduce complexity with respect to interoperability between enterprise information and users.展开更多
Today,scientific research is increasingly becoming data-centric and compute-intensive,relying on data and models across distributed sources.However,challenges still exist in the traditional cooperation mode,given the ...Today,scientific research is increasingly becoming data-centric and compute-intensive,relying on data and models across distributed sources.However,challenges still exist in the traditional cooperation mode,given the high storage and computing costs,geolocation barriers,and local cofidentiality regulations.The Jupyter environment has recently emerged and evolved into a vital virtual research environment for scientific computing,which researchers can use to scale computational analyses up to larger datasets and high-performance computing resources.Nevertheless,existing approaches lack robust support of a decentralized cooperation mode to unlock the full potential of decentralized collaborative scientific research,e.g.,seamlessly secure data sharing.In this work,we change the basic structure and legacy norms of current research environments via the seamless integration of Jupyter with Ethereum blockchain capabilities.As such,it creates a Decentralized Virtual Research Environment(D-VRE)from private computational notebooks to a decentralized collaborative research ecosystem.We propose a novel architecture for the D-VRE and prototype some essential D-VRE elements for enabling secure data sharing with decentralized identity,user-centric agreement-making,membership,and research asset management.To validate our method,we conduct an experimental study to test all functionalities of D-VRE smart contracts and their gas consumption.In addition,we deploy the D-VRE prototype on a test net of the Ethereum blockchain for demonstration.The feedback from the studies showcases the current prototype’s usability,ease of use,and potential,and suggests further improvements.展开更多
The recently commercialized fifth-generation(5G)wireless networks have achieved many improvements,including air interface enhancement,spectrum expansion,and network intensification by several key technologies,such as ...The recently commercialized fifth-generation(5G)wireless networks have achieved many improvements,including air interface enhancement,spectrum expansion,and network intensification by several key technologies,such as massive multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO),millimeter-wave communications,and ultra-dense networking.Despite the deployment of 5G commercial systems,wireless communications is still facing many challenges to enable connected intelligence and a myriad of applications such as industrial Internet-ofthings,autonomous systems,brain-computer interfaces,digital twin,tactile Internet,etc.Therefore,it is urgent to start research on the sixth-generation(6G)wireless communication systems.Among the candidate technologies for 6G,cell-free massive MIMO,which combines the advantages of distributed systems and massive MIMO,is a promising solution to enhance the wireless transmission efficiency and provide better coverage.In this paper,we present a comprehensive study on cell-free massive MIMO for 6G wireless communication networks with a special focus on the signal processing perspective.Specifically,we introduce enabling physical layer technologies for cell-free massive MIMO,such as user association,pilot assignment,transmitter,and receiver design,as well as power control and allocation.Furthermore,some current and future research problems are described.展开更多
With the deployment and commercial application of 5G,researchers start to think of 6G,which could meet more diversified and deeper intelligent communication requirements.In this paper,a four physical elements,i.e.,man...With the deployment and commercial application of 5G,researchers start to think of 6G,which could meet more diversified and deeper intelligent communication requirements.In this paper,a four physical elements,i.e.,man,machine,object,and genie,featured 6G concept is introduced.Genie is explained as a new element toward 6G.This paper focuses on the genie realization as an intelligent wireless transmission toward 6G,including sematic information theory,end-to-end artificial intelligence(AI)joint transceiver design,intelligent wireless transmission block design,and user-centric intelligent access.A comprehensive state-of-the-art of each key technology is presented and main questions as well as some novel suggestions are given.Genie will work comprehensively in 6G wireless communication and other major industrial vertical,while its realization is concrete and step by step.It is realized that genie-based wireless communication link works with high intelligence and performs better than that controlled manually.展开更多
This paper presents a survey of technologies for personal data self-management interfacing with administrative and territorial public service providers.It classifies a selection of scientific technologies into four ca...This paper presents a survey of technologies for personal data self-management interfacing with administrative and territorial public service providers.It classifies a selection of scientific technologies into four categories of solutions:Personal Data Store(PDS),Identity Manager(IdM),Anonymous Certificate System and Access Control Delegation Architecture.Each category,along with its technological approach,is analyzed thanks to 18 identified functional criteria that encompass architectural and communication aspects,as well as user data lifecycle considerations.The originality of the survey is multifold.First,as far as we know,there is no such thorough survey covering such a panel of a dozen of existing solutions.Second,it is the first survey addressing Personally Identifiable Information(PII)management for both administrative and private service providers.Third,this paper achieves a functional comparison of solutions of very different technical natures.The outcome of this paper is the clear identification of functional gaps of each solution.As a result,this paper establishes the research directions to follow in order to fill these functional gaps.展开更多
文摘As agricultural machines become more complex, it is increasingly critical that special attention be directed to the design of the user interface to ensure that the operator will have an adequate understanding of the status of the machine at all times. A user-centred design focus was employed to develop two conceptual designs (UCD1 & UCD2) for a user interface for an agricultural air seeder. The two concepts were compared against an existing user interface (baseline condition) using the metrics of situation awareness (Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique), mental workload (Integrated Workload Scale), reaction time, and subjective feedback. There were no statistically significant differences among the three user interfaces based on the metric of situation awareness;however, UCD2 was deemed to be significantly better than either UCD1 or the baseline interface on the basis of mental workload, reaction time and subjective feedback. The research has demonstrated that a user-centred design focus will generate a better user interface for an agricultural machine.
文摘This article describes a user-centred method used to design innovative pattern recognition software for technical paper documents. This kind of software can make some errors of interpretation. It will therefore be important that human operators are able to identify and correct these mistakes. The identification of errors is a difficult task because operators need to establish co-reference between the initial document and it interpretation. Moreover, users must be able to checks the interpretation without forgetting any area. This task requires the interface is easy to use. The experiments showed that the sequential display of interpretation is the most effective and that the interruptions by user reduce task duration. Moreover, queries by the system may improve error detection. This paper summarizes the main results of the research conducted in the context of this design for enhance the interface, and describes the specifications to which it gave rise.
文摘Cell-free network is a promising architecture with numerous merits in energy efficiency and macro diversity,which is easy and flexible to integrate with other communication technologies.However,its current network topology where access points(APs)are connected to a central processing unit(CPU)to jointly serve the users,causes huge burden to the fronthaul network.To deal with this problem,in this paper,we first combine thoughts in user-centric(UC)network where users are served by selected subset of APs.Then,we propose a successful transmission probability(STP)based AP clustering scheme to reduce the fronthaul capacity requirement(FCR).By using stochastic geometry and proper approximation methods,the approximated STP calculation expression is derived.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the obtained STP expression can provide a tight approximation compared to Monte Carlo simulation results under different system parameters while keeping the computation tractable.Furthermore,the relationship between the FCR and the STP threshold is formulated as a clustering optimization problem,which gives insights on clustering design in UC-CF network systems.We show by simulation results that the proposed scheme requires less fronthaul capacity than the original CF approach while ensuring the STP performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61971161)Foundation of Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory (No.6142104190410)Heilongjiang Touyan Team(No. HITTY20190009)
文摘In ultra-dense networks(UDN),multiple association can be regarded as a user-centric pattern in which a user can be served by multiple base stations(BSs).The data rate and quality of service can be improved.However,BSs in user-centric paradigm are required to serve more users due to this multiple association scheme.The improvement of system performance may be limited by the improving load of BSs.In this letter,we develope an analytical framework for the load distribution of BSs in heterogeneous user-centric UDN.Based on open loop power control(OLPC),a user-centric scheme is considered in which the clustered serving BSs can provide given signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR)for any typical user.As for any BS in different tiers,by leveraging stochastic geometry,we derive the Probability Mass Function(PMF)of the number of the served users,the Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF)of total power consumption,and the CDF bounds of downlink sum data rate.The accuracy of the theoretical analysis is validated by numerical simulations,and the effect the system parameters on the load of BSs is also presented.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 61931005.
文摘Network densification is a promising solution to fulfill network capacity requirement and transmission rate for beyond 5G and 6G wireless communications.Ultra-dense network(UDN)integrates heterogeneous network resources and coordinates technologies on quality of service controlling,to provide users with flexible service.However,dense deployment reduces coverage radius of the cell,resulting in an increase on handover frequency,which makes a serious impact on service continuity.In this paper,we propose a proactive selection method for dynamic access points grouping(DAPGing)in accordance with“user-centric”philosophy,which selects target Access Points(AP)and reduces handover times to ensure communication continuity.This method includes two criteria:1)the user’s sojourn time,which is determined by analyzing the AP coverage area;2)neighbor relationship between APs,which is determined by coverage area and signal strength characteristics between neighboring APs.Therefore,candidate APs become the proactive selected ones to update the AP group.Stochastic geometry is used to build system model and performance metrics are analyzed,including AP group coverage probability and average update frequency.Experimental analysis shows that the proposed proactive selection method brings similar coverage probability to traditional handover method,while average update frequency is reduced more than 20%selection criteria.
基金This work was supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807201in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61971027,U1834210,and 61961130391+2 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L202013in part by Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System under Grant 2020JBZD005in part by the Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship under Grant NA191006.E.Björnson was supported by the Grant 2019-05068 from the Swedish Research Council.
文摘The mobile data traffic has been exponentially growing during the last several decades.This was enabled by the densification of the network infrastructure in terms of increased cell density(i.e.,Ultra-Dense Network(UDN))and/or the increased number of active antennas per Access Point(AP)(i.e.,massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(mMIMO)).However,neither UDN nor mMIMO will meet the increasing demand for the data rate of the Sixth Generation(6G)wireless communications due to the inter-cell interference and large quality-of-service variations.Cell-Free(CF)mMIMO,which combines the best aspects of UDN and mMIMO,is viewed as a key solution to this issue.In such systems,each User Equipment(UE)is served by a preferred set of surrounding APs cooperatively.In this paper,we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art literature on CF mMIMO.As a starting point,the significance and the basic properties of CF mMIMO are highlighted.We then present the canonical framework to discuss the essential details(i.e.,transmission procedure and mathematical system model).Next,we provide a deep look at the resource allocation and signal processing problems related to CF mMIMO and survey the up-to-date schemes and algorithms.After that,we discuss the practical issues in implementing CF mMIMO and point out the potential future directions.Finally,we conclude this paper with a summary of the key lessons learned in this field.
文摘5G sets an ambitious goal of increasing the capacity per area of current 4G network by 1000 fold. Due to the high splitting gain of dense small cells, ultra dense network(UDN) is widely considered as a key component in achieving this goal. In this paper, we outline the main challenges that come with dense cell deployment, including interference, mobility, power consumption and backhaul. Technologies designed to tackle these challenges in long term evolution system(LTE) and their deficiencies in UDN context are also analyzed. To combat these challenges more efficiently, a series of technologies are introduced along with some of our initial research results. Moreover, the trends of user-centric and peer-to-peer design in UDN are also elaborated.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China No.2014AA01A701Nature and Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61471068,61421061+2 种基金Beijing Nova Programme No.Z131101000413030International Collaboration Project No.2015DFT10160National Major Project No.2016ZX03001009-003
文摘The key technologies involved in the evolution of the Cloud-based Radio Access Network(C-RAN) are discussed in this paper. Taking the Frameless Network Architecture(FNA) as a starting point, a cell-lessbased network topology for a multi-tier Heterogeneous Network(Het Net) and ultra-dense network is proposed. The FNA network topology modeling is researched with centralized processing and distributed antenna deployments. The Antenna Element(AE) is released as a new dimensional radio resource that is included in the centralized Radio Resource Management(RRM) processes. This contributes to the on-demand user-centric serving-set associations with cell-edge effect elimination. The Control Plane(CP) and User Plane(UP) separation and adaptation are introduced for energy efficiency improvements. The centralized RRM and different optimization goals are discussed for fully exploring the merits from the centralized computing of C-RAN. Considering the complexity, near-optimal approaches for specific users' Quality-of-Service(Qo S) requirements are addressed. Finally, based on the research highlighted above, the way forward of C-RAN evolution is discussed.
文摘Recent advancements in the Internet of Things IoT and cloud computing have paved the way for mobile Healthcare(mHealthcare)services.A patient within the hospital is monitored by several devices.Moreover,upon leaving the hospital,the patient can be remotely monitored whether directly using body wearable sensors or using a smartphone equipped with sensors to monitor different user-health parameters.This raises potential challenges for intelligent monitoring of patient's health.In this paper,an improved architecture for smart mHealthcare is proposed that is supported by HCI design principles.The HCI also provides the support for the User-Centric Design(UCD)for smart mHealthcare models.Furthermore,the HCI along with IoT's(Internet of Things)5-layered architecture has the potential of improving User Experience(UX)in mHealthcare design and help saving lives.The intelligent mHealthcare system is supported by the IoT sensing and communication layers and health care providers are supported by the application layer for the medical,behavioral,and health-related information.Health care providers and users are further supported by an intelligent layer performing critical situation assessment and performing a multi-modal communication using an intelligent assistant.The HCI design focuses on the ease-of-use,including user experience and safety,alarms,and error-resistant displays of the end-user,and improves user's experience and user satisfaction.
基金supported in part by Basic Science Research Programs of the Ministry of Education(NRF-2018R1A2B6005105)in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2019R1A5A8080290).
文摘Social Edge Service(SES)is an emerging mechanism in the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)orchestration for effective user-centric reliable communication and computation.The services are affected by active and/or passive attacks such as replay attacks,message tampering because of sharing the same spectrum,as well as inadequate trust measurement methods among intelligent devices(roadside units,mobile edge devices,servers)during computing and content-sharing.These issues lead to computation and communication overhead of servers and computation nodes.To address this issue,we propose the HybridgrAph-Deep-learning(HAD)approach in two stages for secure communication and computation.First,the Adaptive Trust Weight(ATW)model with relation-based feedback fusion analysis to estimate the fitness-priority of every node based on directed graph theory to detect malicious nodes and reduce computation and communication overhead.Second,a Quotient User-centric Coeval-Learning(QUCL)mechanism to formulate secure channel selection,and Nash equilibrium method for optimizing the communication to share data over edge devices.The simulation results confirm that our proposed approach has achieved effective communication and computation performance,and enhanced Social Edge Services(SES)reliability than state-of-the-art approaches.
文摘This paper conducts a comprehensive review of existing research on Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, explores the intersection of Privacy by Design (PbD) and behavioral economics, and how designers can leverage “nudges” to encourage users towards privacy-friendly choices. We analyze the limitations of rational choice in the context of privacy decision-making and identify key opportunities for integrating behavioral economics into PbD. We propose a user-centered design framework for integrating behavioral economics into PbD, which includes strategies for simplifying complex choices, making privacy visible, providing feedback and control, and testing and iterating. Our analysis highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of privacy, and demonstrates the potential of behavioral economics to inform the design of more effective PbD solutions.
基金supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF 2020K2A9A2A06069972,FY2020)supported by the BK21 FOUR(Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research)funded by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2020S1A5B8103855).
文摘This paper deals with the recommendation system in the so-called user-centric payment environment where users,i.e.,the payers,can make payments without providing self-information to merchants.This service maintains only the minimum purchase information such as the purchased product names,the time of purchase,the place of purchase for possible refunds or cancellations of purchases.This study aims to develop AI-based recommendation system by utilizing the minimum transaction data generated by the user-centric payment service.First,we developed a matrix-based extrapolative collaborative filtering algorithm based on open transaction data.The recommendation methodology was verified with the real transaction data.Based on the experimental results,we confirmed that the recommendation performance is satisfactory only with the minimum purchase information.
基金supported by the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710534)the National Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0327)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901066 and 62271092)the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks(No.ISN22-17)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves(No.K202228).
文摘Fully coordinated Cell-Free(CF)networks can alleviate the Inter-Cell Interference(ICI)for the cell-edge users in cellular networks.Due to the complex topology of the association between the Access Points(APs)and the users in CF networks,it is challenging to deploy CF networks in practical scenarios.In order to make CF networks feasible,we introduce User-Centric(UC)networks enabling each user served by a limited number of APs.As a low-cost and energy-efficient technology,Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS)can be embedded in UC networks to further improve the system performance.First,we provide a brief survey on the prior works in UC networks for clear comprehension.Then,we formulate a Spectral Efficiency(SE)maximization problem for RIS-enhanced UC networks.For solving the non-convex problem,we divide it into three subproblems and propose a joint optimization framework for optimizing AP-user association,active beamforming of multiple antennas at the APs,and the passive beamforming of the RIS.Besides,a channel gain based association method coupled with the design of RIS is proposed to construct a dynamic and efficient association.The subproblems about optimizing active and passive beamforming are solved with the fractional programming.Simulation results show that the proposed joint optimization framework for RIS-enhanced UC networks can obtain good SE compared with other benchmark schemes.
文摘Enterprise architecture (EA) efforts focus on business, technology, data, and application architecture, and their integration. However, less attention has been given to one of the most critical EA elements, i.e., users (EA audiences). As a result, existing EA management systems (EAMS) have become old, large, content-centric document-repositories that are unable to provide meaningful information of use to the enterprise users and aligned with their needs and functional scope. We argue that a semantic technology based mechanism focusing on enterprise information and user-centricity has the potential to solve this problem. In this context, we present a novel ontology-based strategy named the user-centric semantics-oriented EA (U-SEA) model. Based on this model, we have developed a user-centric semantics-oriented enterprise architecture management (U-SEAM) system. Our approach is generic enough to be used in a wide variety of user-centric EAM applications. The results obtained show computational feasibility to integrate and govern enterprise information and to reduce complexity with respect to interoperability between enterprise information and users.
文摘Today,scientific research is increasingly becoming data-centric and compute-intensive,relying on data and models across distributed sources.However,challenges still exist in the traditional cooperation mode,given the high storage and computing costs,geolocation barriers,and local cofidentiality regulations.The Jupyter environment has recently emerged and evolved into a vital virtual research environment for scientific computing,which researchers can use to scale computational analyses up to larger datasets and high-performance computing resources.Nevertheless,existing approaches lack robust support of a decentralized cooperation mode to unlock the full potential of decentralized collaborative scientific research,e.g.,seamlessly secure data sharing.In this work,we change the basic structure and legacy norms of current research environments via the seamless integration of Jupyter with Ethereum blockchain capabilities.As such,it creates a Decentralized Virtual Research Environment(D-VRE)from private computational notebooks to a decentralized collaborative research ecosystem.We propose a novel architecture for the D-VRE and prototype some essential D-VRE elements for enabling secure data sharing with decentralized identity,user-centric agreement-making,membership,and research asset management.To validate our method,we conduct an experimental study to test all functionalities of D-VRE smart contracts and their gas consumption.In addition,we deploy the D-VRE prototype on a test net of the Ethereum blockchain for demonstration.The feedback from the studies showcases the current prototype’s usability,ease of use,and potential,and suggests further improvements.
文摘The recently commercialized fifth-generation(5G)wireless networks have achieved many improvements,including air interface enhancement,spectrum expansion,and network intensification by several key technologies,such as massive multiple-input multipleoutput(MIMO),millimeter-wave communications,and ultra-dense networking.Despite the deployment of 5G commercial systems,wireless communications is still facing many challenges to enable connected intelligence and a myriad of applications such as industrial Internet-ofthings,autonomous systems,brain-computer interfaces,digital twin,tactile Internet,etc.Therefore,it is urgent to start research on the sixth-generation(6G)wireless communication systems.Among the candidate technologies for 6G,cell-free massive MIMO,which combines the advantages of distributed systems and massive MIMO,is a promising solution to enhance the wireless transmission efficiency and provide better coverage.In this paper,we present a comprehensive study on cell-free massive MIMO for 6G wireless communication networks with a special focus on the signal processing perspective.Specifically,we introduce enabling physical layer technologies for cell-free massive MIMO,such as user association,pilot assignment,transmitter,and receiver design,as well as power control and allocation.Furthermore,some current and future research problems are described.
文摘With the deployment and commercial application of 5G,researchers start to think of 6G,which could meet more diversified and deeper intelligent communication requirements.In this paper,a four physical elements,i.e.,man,machine,object,and genie,featured 6G concept is introduced.Genie is explained as a new element toward 6G.This paper focuses on the genie realization as an intelligent wireless transmission toward 6G,including sematic information theory,end-to-end artificial intelligence(AI)joint transceiver design,intelligent wireless transmission block design,and user-centric intelligent access.A comprehensive state-of-the-art of each key technology is presented and main questions as well as some novel suggestions are given.Genie will work comprehensively in 6G wireless communication and other major industrial vertical,while its realization is concrete and step by step.It is realized that genie-based wireless communication link works with high intelligence and performs better than that controlled manually.
文摘This paper presents a survey of technologies for personal data self-management interfacing with administrative and territorial public service providers.It classifies a selection of scientific technologies into four categories of solutions:Personal Data Store(PDS),Identity Manager(IdM),Anonymous Certificate System and Access Control Delegation Architecture.Each category,along with its technological approach,is analyzed thanks to 18 identified functional criteria that encompass architectural and communication aspects,as well as user data lifecycle considerations.The originality of the survey is multifold.First,as far as we know,there is no such thorough survey covering such a panel of a dozen of existing solutions.Second,it is the first survey addressing Personally Identifiable Information(PII)management for both administrative and private service providers.Third,this paper achieves a functional comparison of solutions of very different technical natures.The outcome of this paper is the clear identification of functional gaps of each solution.As a result,this paper establishes the research directions to follow in order to fill these functional gaps.
