A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the detection of free ethacrynic acid in human urine. Using 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin, ethacrynic acid was transformed into a fluorescent derivative, and...A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the detection of free ethacrynic acid in human urine. Using 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin, ethacrynic acid was transformed into a fluorescent derivative, and was analysed by HPLC-fluorescence detector. The detection limit is 0.1ug/ml urine. The method is suitable for screening ethacrynic acid in doping control and studying its metabolism.展开更多
A new GC/MS method for detection and identification of 19 anabolic steroids in human urine is presented.The procedure involves adsorption and isolation on a macroporous XAD-2 resin,enzymatic hydrolysis,alkaline extrac...A new GC/MS method for detection and identification of 19 anabolic steroids in human urine is presented.The procedure involves adsorption and isolation on a macroporous XAD-2 resin,enzymatic hydrolysis,alkaline extraction,derivatization,GC separation and MS detec- tion.Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric data illustrate artifacts arising from enzymatic hydrolysis of steroid glucuronides and the structural characterization of their metabolites. Using this method,metabolic studies of these steroids in human urine were made after their ingestion by normal and healthy male volunteers.This method was proven to be suitable for large-scale routine analysis of anabolic steroids and was used successfully in passing the doping control test held by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee.展开更多
A novel method for the determination of two quinolone drugs norfloxacin （NOR） and levofloxacin （LVX） was described by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. The good relationship （r ≥...A novel method for the determination of two quinolone drugs norfloxacin （NOR） and levofloxacin （LVX） was described by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. The good relationship （r ≥ 0.9991） between peak area and concentration of analytes was established over two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection （LOD, S/N = 3） in standard solution are 4.8 × 10^-7 mol/L for NOR and 6.4 × 10^-7 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The limits of quantitation （LOQ, S/N = 10） in real human urine samples are 1.2 × 10^-6 mol/L for NOR and 1.4 × 10^-6 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of NOR and LVX in human urine and the studv of oharmacokinetics of NOR.展开更多
A new and simple capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection was developed for the separation and the quantification of a pair of diastereoisomenc alkaloids（ephedrine and pseudoephedrine）.The l...A new and simple capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection was developed for the separation and the quantification of a pair of diastereoisomenc alkaloids（ephedrine and pseudoephedrine）.The limits of detection（S/N = 3） were 4.5×10^-8 mol/L for ephedrine and 5.2×10^-8 mol/L for pseudoephedrine,respectively.The RSDs of migration time and peak area were less than 1.3 and 2.5%（n = 5）,respectively.The applicability of the propose method was illustrated in the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human urine,ephedrine in nasal drops,and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for pseudoephedrine.展开更多
The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick uri...The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick urinalysis to assess the physiological strain and the potential health risks associated with this exercise.Body mass and urine samples were obtained from 151 male cadets([21.3±1.6]year-old;height[177.2±4.1]cm)before and after completing the efforts of a CSAR exercise that lasted approximately 10 hour(h).Body mass significantly decreased(p<0.05)by more than 3%immediately post-exercise(from[75.0±9.85]kg to[72.6±9.6]kg),returning to pre-exercise levels within 14 and 38 h after the complen.Interestingly,urine specific gravity(USG)paralleled the changes in body mass and exhibited a significant increase immediately after the exercise.Similar patterns of significant alterations were observed in urine acidity,ketonuria,bilirubinuria,and hematuria,mirroring the time course of changes in USG.The other evaluated urine variables did not show significant changes.The reduction in body mass was significantly correlated with changes in USG,ketonuria,bilirubinuria and proteinuria after the military exercise.In summary,cadets engaged in the CSAR military exercise experienced physiologically meaningful dehydration and exhibited indirect markers of cell damage immediately after the exercise.However,these changes were spontaneously resolved within 14 h post-task.Monitoring selected noninvasive biomarkers could aid in managing performance and health risks during arduous military training.展开更多
Due to limited resources and experience, rapid diagnostic techniques are advocated in nations with a resource shortage when diagnosing schistosomiasis. We used rapid diagnostic tests to access the prevalence and inten...Due to limited resources and experience, rapid diagnostic techniques are advocated in nations with a resource shortage when diagnosing schistosomiasis. We used rapid diagnostic tests to access the prevalence and intensity of schistosome infection in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 1951 participants were recruited for this study. The participants were screened for S. haematobium infection;haematuria and proteinuria were monitored in the recruited patients with a commercial reagent strip. Of the 1951 participants recruited for the study, 587 were found to be infected. Children aged 0 to 10 years showed the highest levels of haematuria with (100%) specificity. Meanwhile, other age groups (11 - 20, 21 - 30, 31 - 40 and above 40 years) had rates higher than 90%. The degree of haematuria increased with egg intensity. The same was seen in proteinuria, with a percentage of 41.9%. A significant difference (p S. haematobium in rural endemic areas.展开更多
Extensive research has used dimethylarsinic acid(DMA)in urine as a marker of arsenic methylation.The premise is that humans methylate inorganic arsenicals to monomethylarsonic acid(MMA)and DMA and excrete these arseni...Extensive research has used dimethylarsinic acid(DMA)in urine as a marker of arsenic methylation.The premise is that humans methylate inorganic arsenicals to monomethylarsonic acid(MMA)and DMA and excrete these arsenic species into the urine.However,DMA in urine not only comes from the methylation of inorganic arsenic but also could be a result of metabolism of other arsenic species,such as arsenosugars and arsenolipids.Most environmental health and epidemiological studies of arsenic methylation might have overlooked confounding factors that contribute to DMA in urine.Here we critically evaluate reported studies that used methylation indexes,concentration ratios of methylated arsenicals,or the percentage of DMA in urine as markers of arsenic methylation efficiency.Dietary intake of arsenosugars potentially confounds the calculation and interpretation of the arsenic methylation efficiencies.Many studies have not considered incidental dietary intake of arsenosugars,arsenolipids,and other organic arsenic species.Future studies should consider the dietary intake of diverse arsenic species and their potential effect on the urinary concentrations of DMA.展开更多
文摘A sensitive and selective method has been developed for the detection of free ethacrynic acid in human urine. Using 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin, ethacrynic acid was transformed into a fluorescent derivative, and was analysed by HPLC-fluorescence detector. The detection limit is 0.1ug/ml urine. The method is suitable for screening ethacrynic acid in doping control and studying its metabolism.
文摘A new GC/MS method for detection and identification of 19 anabolic steroids in human urine is presented.The procedure involves adsorption and isolation on a macroporous XAD-2 resin,enzymatic hydrolysis,alkaline extraction,derivatization,GC separation and MS detec- tion.Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric data illustrate artifacts arising from enzymatic hydrolysis of steroid glucuronides and the structural characterization of their metabolites. Using this method,metabolic studies of these steroids in human urine were made after their ingestion by normal and healthy male volunteers.This method was proven to be suitable for large-scale routine analysis of anabolic steroids and was used successfully in passing the doping control test held by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20575056)Henan Innovation Project for University Research Talents(No.2005126).
文摘A novel method for the determination of two quinolone drugs norfloxacin （NOR） and levofloxacin （LVX） was described by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. The good relationship （r ≥ 0.9991） between peak area and concentration of analytes was established over two orders of magnitude. The limits of detection （LOD, S/N = 3） in standard solution are 4.8 × 10^-7 mol/L for NOR and 6.4 × 10^-7 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The limits of quantitation （LOQ, S/N = 10） in real human urine samples are 1.2 × 10^-6 mol/L for NOR and 1.4 × 10^-6 mol/L for LVX, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to the determination of NOR and LVX in human urine and the studv of oharmacokinetics of NOR.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21075106)Henan Innovation Project for University Research Talents(No.2005126)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China (No.092300410122)
文摘A new and simple capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection was developed for the separation and the quantification of a pair of diastereoisomenc alkaloids（ephedrine and pseudoephedrine）.The limits of detection（S/N = 3） were 4.5×10^-8 mol/L for ephedrine and 5.2×10^-8 mol/L for pseudoephedrine,respectively.The RSDs of migration time and peak area were less than 1.3 and 2.5%（n = 5）,respectively.The applicability of the propose method was illustrated in the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in human urine,ephedrine in nasal drops,and the monitoring of pharmacokinetics for pseudoephedrine.
基金financed in part by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001
文摘The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick urinalysis to assess the physiological strain and the potential health risks associated with this exercise.Body mass and urine samples were obtained from 151 male cadets([21.3±1.6]year-old;height[177.2±4.1]cm)before and after completing the efforts of a CSAR exercise that lasted approximately 10 hour(h).Body mass significantly decreased(p<0.05)by more than 3%immediately post-exercise(from[75.0±9.85]kg to[72.6±9.6]kg),returning to pre-exercise levels within 14 and 38 h after the complen.Interestingly,urine specific gravity(USG)paralleled the changes in body mass and exhibited a significant increase immediately after the exercise.Similar patterns of significant alterations were observed in urine acidity,ketonuria,bilirubinuria,and hematuria,mirroring the time course of changes in USG.The other evaluated urine variables did not show significant changes.The reduction in body mass was significantly correlated with changes in USG,ketonuria,bilirubinuria and proteinuria after the military exercise.In summary,cadets engaged in the CSAR military exercise experienced physiologically meaningful dehydration and exhibited indirect markers of cell damage immediately after the exercise.However,these changes were spontaneously resolved within 14 h post-task.Monitoring selected noninvasive biomarkers could aid in managing performance and health risks during arduous military training.
文摘Due to limited resources and experience, rapid diagnostic techniques are advocated in nations with a resource shortage when diagnosing schistosomiasis. We used rapid diagnostic tests to access the prevalence and intensity of schistosome infection in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 1951 participants were recruited for this study. The participants were screened for S. haematobium infection;haematuria and proteinuria were monitored in the recruited patients with a commercial reagent strip. Of the 1951 participants recruited for the study, 587 were found to be infected. Children aged 0 to 10 years showed the highest levels of haematuria with (100%) specificity. Meanwhile, other age groups (11 - 20, 21 - 30, 31 - 40 and above 40 years) had rates higher than 90%. The degree of haematuria increased with egg intensity. The same was seen in proteinuria, with a percentage of 41.9%. A significant difference (p S. haematobium in rural endemic areas.
基金supported by Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
文摘Extensive research has used dimethylarsinic acid(DMA)in urine as a marker of arsenic methylation.The premise is that humans methylate inorganic arsenicals to monomethylarsonic acid(MMA)and DMA and excrete these arsenic species into the urine.However,DMA in urine not only comes from the methylation of inorganic arsenic but also could be a result of metabolism of other arsenic species,such as arsenosugars and arsenolipids.Most environmental health and epidemiological studies of arsenic methylation might have overlooked confounding factors that contribute to DMA in urine.Here we critically evaluate reported studies that used methylation indexes,concentration ratios of methylated arsenicals,or the percentage of DMA in urine as markers of arsenic methylation efficiency.Dietary intake of arsenosugars potentially confounds the calculation and interpretation of the arsenic methylation efficiencies.Many studies have not considered incidental dietary intake of arsenosugars,arsenolipids,and other organic arsenic species.Future studies should consider the dietary intake of diverse arsenic species and their potential effect on the urinary concentrations of DMA.
