Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum crea...Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum creatinine(sCr)could help understand AKI pathophysiology and predict its duration.However,those studies produced variable and controversial results.Recently,an alternative“urine biochemical approach”has been proposed.In contrast with the traditional approach,it includes sequential urine electrolyte assessment,evaluation before AKI diagnosis,and interpretation of avid sodium retention as a marker of renal microcirculatory stress instead of low renal perfusion.This review highlights the rationale of this alternative approach,which is focused on early urinary biochemical changes that precede increases in sCr as well as signs of renal recovery before decreases in sCr.The relevance of urine composition in conjunction with urine volume for a proper evaluation of renal function is emphasized.This new approach aims to enhance the utility of urinary biochemical parameters in AKI monitoring,particularly in patients who are critically ill.展开更多
In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how th...In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.展开更多
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks...Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endosc...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.展开更多
The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism an...The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the...BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.展开更多
Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis i...Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis is rare. We have therefore developed a reliable and convenient quantitative method to evaluate the accuracy and specificity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine （DPPC） as a biomarker for kidney injury diagnosis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a HILIC Silica Column （2.1 ram^50 mm, 5 p.m）. Gradient elution was performed with 5 mM ammonium formate （0.1% formic acid） and acetonitrile （0.1% formic acid）, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. This method was validated in a linear range of 2-200 ng/mL DPPC with inter-day precision of less than 6.5% and accuracy within 111.2% in human urine. Recovery rate, stability, dilution effect and matrix effect also met the requirements for drug evaluation and research issued by FDA. As the first HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of DPPC, it has been successfully applied to determine levels of DPPC in clinical urine samples and evaluated for potential use in the measurement of DPPC as a biomarker for kidney injury.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in o...Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were selected as the research objects. The urine sediment method and urine dry chemistry method were used for examination. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard to compare the accuracy of the two methods. Results: with the pathological diagnosis results as gold, whether using urine sediment method or urine dry chemistry method to compare the white blood cell count and red blood cell in urine, it was found that when P < 0.05, there was no statistical significance. The urine sediment method and the urine dry chemical method used in the examination of the patient were tested, and the indicators in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared and analyzed, P<0.05, there was no statistical significance. Comparing the two methods, both of them can effectively detect urinary tract infection and provide reference data for subsequent treatment. Conclusion: the urine routine test of patients with urinary tract infection can significantly improve the accuracy rate of patients. The urine dry chemistry method combined with urine sediment method is less different from the gold standard results, which can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of patients, which is worthy of extensive promotion.展开更多
Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult...Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.展开更多
Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to ca...Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the value of ligase chainreaction(LCR) in the diagnosis of diplococcusgonorrhoeae in urine. Methods: LCR detection of the urine for Neisseriagonorrhoeae and bacteria culture of discharge was per...Objective: To evaluate the value of ligase chainreaction(LCR) in the diagnosis of diplococcusgonorrhoeae in urine. Methods: LCR detection of the urine for Neisseriagonorrhoeae and bacteria culture of discharge was per-formed simultaneously to 276 patients with urethritisor cervicitis seeking treatment in sex transmitted dis-eases (STDs) outpatient clinic. For specimens withdiscordant results, polymerase chain reaction wasconducted. The purpose was to detect the respectivesensitivity and specificity of bacteria culture and LCR. Results: 24 of 276(8.7%) patients had positive LCRresults and 21 of 276(7.6%) were positive for culture.5 specimens had discordant results from LCR andbacteria culture. The sensitivity and specificity of LCRin the diagnosis of gonorrhoeae were 92.3% and100% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that LCR had ahigher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis ofgonorrhoeae from urine.展开更多
Objective:To investigate whether urinary dipstick proteinuria or urine protein creatinine ratio(UPCR)could predict leakage in children with dengue virus infection.Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study.A...Objective:To investigate whether urinary dipstick proteinuria or urine protein creatinine ratio(UPCR)could predict leakage in children with dengue virus infection.Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study.A total of 141 hospitalized patients with confirmed dengue virus infection were enrolled from three hospitals in Thailand.Once daily,complete blood count,serum albumin,and random morning urine dipstick protein were collected from the day of admission to the day after defervescence.Morning UPCR was only measured in patients from one hospital due to logistic reasons.Results:There were 81 and 60 patients in the dengue fever(DF)and DHF groups,respectively.The proportion of patients with proteinuria detected using urine dipstick in the DHF group was higher than that in the DF group from Day-1(one day before defervescence)to Day+1(one day after defervescence).Urine dipstick for proteinuria of≥1+had sensitivity and specificity of 12.8% and 94.4% on Day-1,and 18.9% and 98.6% on Day 0(the day of defervescence)to differentiate DHF from DF.For UPCR,cut-off values of approximately 0.2 g/g from Day-2 to Day+1 yielded a sensitivity of 71.6%-94.4% and a specificity of 55.6%-100% in differentiating between DF and DHF.Conclusions:Dipstick proteinuria of≥1+on Day-1 to Day+1 after defervescence had poor sensitivity but good specificity in differentiating DHF from DF.UPCR performed better but was less convenient and more expensive than urine dipsticks.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application of dry chemistry method and urine sediment method in routine urine test. Methods: from May 2020 to October 2021, a total of 150 patients underwent routine urine test in our hospit...Objective: to explore the application of dry chemistry method and urine sediment method in routine urine test. Methods: from May 2020 to October 2021, a total of 150 patients underwent routine urine test in our hospital. All patients underwent routine urine test by dry chemical method, urinary sediment method and combined method, and the test results were analyzed and compared. Results: there was no difference between dry chemical method and urine sediment method in the indexes of red blood cell, white blood cell and transparent cast. In terms of the positive detection rate of quantitative red blood cells, there was no difference between dry chemical method and urine sediment method, 31.33% for the combined test method, which was significantly higher than the detection rate of the two methods, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In terms of quantitative detection rate of leukocytes, urinary sediment method was higher than dry chemical method [30.67%vs.2.67%], p < 0.05;The combined test method was 42.67%, which was higher than the previous two methods and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). As for the accuracy rate of urinary tract infection, the combined test method is 96.67%, the chemical method is 78%, and the urinary sediment method is 83.33%, the former is higher than the latter, the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.01);In terms of sensitivity, the combined test method was 96.88%, which was higher than that of dry chemical method (82.03%) and urinary sediment method (87.5%) (P < 0.01). In terms of specificity, the combined test method was 95.45%, the dry chemical method was 54.55%, and the urine sediment method was 59.09%, the former was higher than the latter, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01);In terms of bacterial culture results, the comparison of bacterial culture results of dry chemical method and urine sediment method shows that there is no difference in positive detection between the two detection methods, P > 0.05. The positive rate of the combined test method was significantly higher than that of the other two methods (p < 0.05). Conclusion: in routine urine test, dry chemistry method or urine sediment method alone cannot meet the test requirements, and misdiagnosis is easy to occur in the test results. Therefore, two methods of combined test are needed, which can further improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the test results. Therefore, the dry chemical method combined with urinary sediment method is effective and worthy of wide application in clinical testing.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine perfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） in human serum, urine, hair and nail from general populations, and to investigate the possibility for human urine, hair and nail used as th...The purpose of this study was to determine perfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） in human serum, urine, hair and nail from general populations, and to investigate the possibility for human urine, hair and nail used as the biomonitoring sample for PFASs exposure. We detected the concentrations of PFHx A, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUn DA, PFDo A, PFHx S and PFOS in 39 matched human serum, urine, hair and nail samples from Shenzhen in China. The detection frequency and the median level of PFOS were all higher than that of the other PFASs in four matrices. The median concentration of PFOS in serum, urine, hair, and nail were 9.24 ng/mL, 13.96 ng/L, 0.58 ng/g and 0.63 ng/g, respectively. The results of spearman correlation test indicated that nail was an ideal matrix for biomonitoring PFOS rather than human urine and hair in general populations for the non-invasive sampling.展开更多
Objective To establish a comprehensive analytical method based on SPE‐UPLC‐MS for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A （BPA）, nonylphenol （NP）, and octylphenol （OP） in urine samples. Methods Sixty uri...Objective To establish a comprehensive analytical method based on SPE‐UPLC‐MS for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A （BPA）, nonylphenol （NP）, and octylphenol （OP） in urine samples. Methods Sixty urine samples collected from healthy subjects were analyzed for BPA, NP, and OP concentrations. The samples were de‐conjugated by adding β‐glucuronidase and sulfatase. After the enzymatic treatment, the samples were subjected to the OASIS HLB column solid phase extraction cartridges so as to be cleaned and concentrated. The UPLC separation was performed on a Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column （2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm） with a gradient elution system of methanol‐water as the mobile phase. Triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of UPLC‐MS/MS system. Results The limit of detection of BPA, NP, and OP was 0.10, 0.10, and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of BPA, NP and OP were 80.1%‐108%, 81.3%‐109%, and 81.5%‐98.7%, respectively. Among the 60 urine samples, BPA was detected in 8 samples at the level of 0.297‐32.7ng/mL, NP was detected in 29 samples at the level of 1.69‐27.8 ng/mL, and OP was detected in 17 samples at the level of 0.407‐11.1 ng/mL. Conclusion The method is simple with high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the determination of BPA, NP, and OP in urine. As shown by our analysis , BPA, NP, and OP appear to be prevalent in human urine. This is particularly true for NP. The results from our study is therefore valuable for future studies to assess the exposure to BPA, NP, and OP in the general population.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the use of the trypsinogen-2 dipstick （Actim Pancreatitis） test for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS： Ninety-two patients with AP were included in t...AIM： To evaluate the use of the trypsinogen-2 dipstick （Actim Pancreatitis） test for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS： Ninety-two patients with AP were included in this study. The control group was 25 patients who had acute abdominal pain from non-pancreatic causes. Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test （UTDT） and conventional diagnostic tests were performed in all patients. Patients were divided by the Atlanta classification into two groups as having mild or severe pancreatitis. RESULTS： UTDT was positive in 87 （94.6%） of the AP patients and in two （8%） controls （P 〈 0.05）. Positive UTDT was found in 61 （92.4%） of 66 （71.7%） patients with mild pancreatitis and in all （100%） of the 26 （28.3%） with severe pancreatitis （P 〉 0.05）. UTDT positivity lasted longer in severe pancreatitis compared with that in mild pancreatitis （6.2 ＋ 2.5 d vs 2.0 ＋ 1.43 d, P 〈 0.05）. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value （NPV）, positive likelihood ratio （PLR） and negative likelihood ratio （NLR） of UTDT were 91%, 72%, 96.6%, 70.4%, 3.4 and 0.1, respectively. CONCLUSION： UTDT is a simple, rapid and reliable method for use on admission. It has high specificity and low NLR for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in AP. However, its relatively low NPV does not allow trypsinogen-2 dipstick test to be a stand-alone tool for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis; the use of other conventional diagnostic tools remains a requirement.展开更多
The measurement of urine catecholamine and metanephrine concentrations is important for biochemical screening and diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.The goal of this work was to develop a simple liquid chromatography-tande...The measurement of urine catecholamine and metanephrine concentrations is important for biochemical screening and diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.The goal of this work was to develop a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for determining catecholamines and metanephrines in urine to replace an existing liquid chromatographic method using electrochemical detection.Urine samples were prepared using Oasis weak-cation-exchange cartridges.The eluate was analyzed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus Phenyl-Hexyl column in 3 min.Adrenaline,noradrenaline,dopamine,metanephrine,normetanephrine,and their deuterated internal standards were monitored in positive electrospray ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).No evidence of ion suppression was observed.The assay was linear up to 5μmol/L for adrenaline,5μmol/L for noradrenaline,6.1μmol/L for dopamine,5.6μmol/L for metanephrine,and 34.6μmol/L for normetanephrine,with lower limits of quantification of 5,5,12,6 and 7nmol/L,respectively.The intra-day and inter-day precisions for all analytes ranged from 0.59%to 4.64%and1.98%to 4.80%,respectively.External quality assurance samples were assayed and showed excellent agreement with the target values.This simple method provides an improved assay for determining urine catecholamines and metanephrines.展开更多
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between esophageal cancer(EC)and perturbed urinary metabolomic profiles,but none has described the correlation between urine metabolite profiles and those of ...BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between esophageal cancer(EC)and perturbed urinary metabolomic profiles,but none has described the correlation between urine metabolite profiles and those of the tumor and adjacent esophageal mucosa in the same patient.AIM To investigate how urinary metabolic phenotypes were linked to the changes in the biochemical landscape of esophageal tumors.METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were applied to esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosal tissues alongside patient-matched urine samples.RESULTS Analysis revealed that specific metabolite changes overlapped across both metrics,including glucose,glutamate,citrate,glycine,creatinine and taurine,indicating that the networks for metabolic pathway perturbations in EC,potentially involved in but not limited to disruption of fatty acid metabolism,glucose and glycolytic metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutaminolysis.Additionally,changes in most urinary biomarkers correlated with changes in biomarker candidates in EC tissues,implying enhanced energy production for rapid cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Overall,these associations provide evidence for distinct metabolic signatures and pathway disturbances between the tumor tissues and urine of EC patients,and changes in urinary metabolic signature could reflect reprogramming of the aforementioned metabolic pathways in EC tissues.Further investigation is needed to validate these initial findings using larger samples and to establish the underlying mechanism of EC progression.展开更多
文摘Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum creatinine(sCr)could help understand AKI pathophysiology and predict its duration.However,those studies produced variable and controversial results.Recently,an alternative“urine biochemical approach”has been proposed.In contrast with the traditional approach,it includes sequential urine electrolyte assessment,evaluation before AKI diagnosis,and interpretation of avid sodium retention as a marker of renal microcirculatory stress instead of low renal perfusion.This review highlights the rationale of this alternative approach,which is focused on early urinary biochemical changes that precede increases in sCr as well as signs of renal recovery before decreases in sCr.The relevance of urine composition in conjunction with urine volume for a proper evaluation of renal function is emphasized.This new approach aims to enhance the utility of urinary biochemical parameters in AKI monitoring,particularly in patients who are critically ill.
文摘In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.
文摘Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFC2307001the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170570,No.82270698,and No.82470679.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572428)。
文摘The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.
文摘Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis is rare. We have therefore developed a reliable and convenient quantitative method to evaluate the accuracy and specificity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine （DPPC） as a biomarker for kidney injury diagnosis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a HILIC Silica Column （2.1 ram^50 mm, 5 p.m）. Gradient elution was performed with 5 mM ammonium formate （0.1% formic acid） and acetonitrile （0.1% formic acid）, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. This method was validated in a linear range of 2-200 ng/mL DPPC with inter-day precision of less than 6.5% and accuracy within 111.2% in human urine. Recovery rate, stability, dilution effect and matrix effect also met the requirements for drug evaluation and research issued by FDA. As the first HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of DPPC, it has been successfully applied to determine levels of DPPC in clinical urine samples and evaluated for potential use in the measurement of DPPC as a biomarker for kidney injury.
文摘Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were selected as the research objects. The urine sediment method and urine dry chemistry method were used for examination. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard to compare the accuracy of the two methods. Results: with the pathological diagnosis results as gold, whether using urine sediment method or urine dry chemistry method to compare the white blood cell count and red blood cell in urine, it was found that when P < 0.05, there was no statistical significance. The urine sediment method and the urine dry chemical method used in the examination of the patient were tested, and the indicators in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared and analyzed, P<0.05, there was no statistical significance. Comparing the two methods, both of them can effectively detect urinary tract infection and provide reference data for subsequent treatment. Conclusion: the urine routine test of patients with urinary tract infection can significantly improve the accuracy rate of patients. The urine dry chemistry method combined with urine sediment method is less different from the gold standard results, which can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of patients, which is worthy of extensive promotion.
基金Institut National de la Santéet la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéde Poitiers+2 种基金CHU de PoitiersRégion Nouvelle AquitaineFondation de l’Avenir,No.AP-RM-18-006.
文摘Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.
文摘Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the value of ligase chainreaction(LCR) in the diagnosis of diplococcusgonorrhoeae in urine. Methods: LCR detection of the urine for Neisseriagonorrhoeae and bacteria culture of discharge was per-formed simultaneously to 276 patients with urethritisor cervicitis seeking treatment in sex transmitted dis-eases (STDs) outpatient clinic. For specimens withdiscordant results, polymerase chain reaction wasconducted. The purpose was to detect the respectivesensitivity and specificity of bacteria culture and LCR. Results: 24 of 276(8.7%) patients had positive LCRresults and 21 of 276(7.6%) were positive for culture.5 specimens had discordant results from LCR andbacteria culture. The sensitivity and specificity of LCRin the diagnosis of gonorrhoeae were 92.3% and100% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that LCR had ahigher sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis ofgonorrhoeae from urine.
基金supported by the Ramathibodi Research Fund,Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital,Mahidol University(Grant number R11065125),for their contribution to research funding.
文摘Objective:To investigate whether urinary dipstick proteinuria or urine protein creatinine ratio(UPCR)could predict leakage in children with dengue virus infection.Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional study.A total of 141 hospitalized patients with confirmed dengue virus infection were enrolled from three hospitals in Thailand.Once daily,complete blood count,serum albumin,and random morning urine dipstick protein were collected from the day of admission to the day after defervescence.Morning UPCR was only measured in patients from one hospital due to logistic reasons.Results:There were 81 and 60 patients in the dengue fever(DF)and DHF groups,respectively.The proportion of patients with proteinuria detected using urine dipstick in the DHF group was higher than that in the DF group from Day-1(one day before defervescence)to Day+1(one day after defervescence).Urine dipstick for proteinuria of≥1+had sensitivity and specificity of 12.8% and 94.4% on Day-1,and 18.9% and 98.6% on Day 0(the day of defervescence)to differentiate DHF from DF.For UPCR,cut-off values of approximately 0.2 g/g from Day-2 to Day+1 yielded a sensitivity of 71.6%-94.4% and a specificity of 55.6%-100% in differentiating between DF and DHF.Conclusions:Dipstick proteinuria of≥1+on Day-1 to Day+1 after defervescence had poor sensitivity but good specificity in differentiating DHF from DF.UPCR performed better but was less convenient and more expensive than urine dipsticks.
文摘Objective: to explore the application of dry chemistry method and urine sediment method in routine urine test. Methods: from May 2020 to October 2021, a total of 150 patients underwent routine urine test in our hospital. All patients underwent routine urine test by dry chemical method, urinary sediment method and combined method, and the test results were analyzed and compared. Results: there was no difference between dry chemical method and urine sediment method in the indexes of red blood cell, white blood cell and transparent cast. In terms of the positive detection rate of quantitative red blood cells, there was no difference between dry chemical method and urine sediment method, 31.33% for the combined test method, which was significantly higher than the detection rate of the two methods, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). In terms of quantitative detection rate of leukocytes, urinary sediment method was higher than dry chemical method [30.67%vs.2.67%], p < 0.05;The combined test method was 42.67%, which was higher than the previous two methods and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). As for the accuracy rate of urinary tract infection, the combined test method is 96.67%, the chemical method is 78%, and the urinary sediment method is 83.33%, the former is higher than the latter, the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.01);In terms of sensitivity, the combined test method was 96.88%, which was higher than that of dry chemical method (82.03%) and urinary sediment method (87.5%) (P < 0.01). In terms of specificity, the combined test method was 95.45%, the dry chemical method was 54.55%, and the urine sediment method was 59.09%, the former was higher than the latter, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01);In terms of bacterial culture results, the comparison of bacterial culture results of dry chemical method and urine sediment method shows that there is no difference in positive detection between the two detection methods, P > 0.05. The positive rate of the combined test method was significantly higher than that of the other two methods (p < 0.05). Conclusion: in routine urine test, dry chemistry method or urine sediment method alone cannot meet the test requirements, and misdiagnosis is easy to occur in the test results. Therefore, two methods of combined test are needed, which can further improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the test results. Therefore, the dry chemical method combined with urinary sediment method is effective and worthy of wide application in clinical testing.
基金funded by the National Natural Science of Foundation of China(Nos.21537001 and 21407033)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB14010100)
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine perfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） in human serum, urine, hair and nail from general populations, and to investigate the possibility for human urine, hair and nail used as the biomonitoring sample for PFASs exposure. We detected the concentrations of PFHx A, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUn DA, PFDo A, PFHx S and PFOS in 39 matched human serum, urine, hair and nail samples from Shenzhen in China. The detection frequency and the median level of PFOS were all higher than that of the other PFASs in four matrices. The median concentration of PFOS in serum, urine, hair, and nail were 9.24 ng/mL, 13.96 ng/L, 0.58 ng/g and 0.63 ng/g, respectively. The results of spearman correlation test indicated that nail was an ideal matrix for biomonitoring PFOS rather than human urine and hair in general populations for the non-invasive sampling.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Fundation as par of the Key Technologies of Food Safety Project. Chemical pollutants exposure assessment technology research(2006BAK02A01)
文摘Objective To establish a comprehensive analytical method based on SPE‐UPLC‐MS for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A （BPA）, nonylphenol （NP）, and octylphenol （OP） in urine samples. Methods Sixty urine samples collected from healthy subjects were analyzed for BPA, NP, and OP concentrations. The samples were de‐conjugated by adding β‐glucuronidase and sulfatase. After the enzymatic treatment, the samples were subjected to the OASIS HLB column solid phase extraction cartridges so as to be cleaned and concentrated. The UPLC separation was performed on a Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column （2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm） with a gradient elution system of methanol‐water as the mobile phase. Triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of UPLC‐MS/MS system. Results The limit of detection of BPA, NP, and OP was 0.10, 0.10, and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of BPA, NP and OP were 80.1%‐108%, 81.3%‐109%, and 81.5%‐98.7%, respectively. Among the 60 urine samples, BPA was detected in 8 samples at the level of 0.297‐32.7ng/mL, NP was detected in 29 samples at the level of 1.69‐27.8 ng/mL, and OP was detected in 17 samples at the level of 0.407‐11.1 ng/mL. Conclusion The method is simple with high sensitivity and selectivity, and is suitable for the determination of BPA, NP, and OP in urine. As shown by our analysis , BPA, NP, and OP appear to be prevalent in human urine. This is particularly true for NP. The results from our study is therefore valuable for future studies to assess the exposure to BPA, NP, and OP in the general population.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the use of the trypsinogen-2 dipstick （Actim Pancreatitis） test for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis （AP）. METHODS： Ninety-two patients with AP were included in this study. The control group was 25 patients who had acute abdominal pain from non-pancreatic causes. Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test （UTDT） and conventional diagnostic tests were performed in all patients. Patients were divided by the Atlanta classification into two groups as having mild or severe pancreatitis. RESULTS： UTDT was positive in 87 （94.6%） of the AP patients and in two （8%） controls （P 〈 0.05）. Positive UTDT was found in 61 （92.4%） of 66 （71.7%） patients with mild pancreatitis and in all （100%） of the 26 （28.3%） with severe pancreatitis （P 〉 0.05）. UTDT positivity lasted longer in severe pancreatitis compared with that in mild pancreatitis （6.2 ＋ 2.5 d vs 2.0 ＋ 1.43 d, P 〈 0.05）. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value （NPV）, positive likelihood ratio （PLR） and negative likelihood ratio （NLR） of UTDT were 91%, 72%, 96.6%, 70.4%, 3.4 and 0.1, respectively. CONCLUSION： UTDT is a simple, rapid and reliable method for use on admission. It has high specificity and low NLR for early diagnosis and prediction of severity in AP. However, its relatively low NPV does not allow trypsinogen-2 dipstick test to be a stand-alone tool for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis; the use of other conventional diagnostic tools remains a requirement.
文摘The measurement of urine catecholamine and metanephrine concentrations is important for biochemical screening and diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.The goal of this work was to develop a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method for determining catecholamines and metanephrines in urine to replace an existing liquid chromatographic method using electrochemical detection.Urine samples were prepared using Oasis weak-cation-exchange cartridges.The eluate was analyzed on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus Phenyl-Hexyl column in 3 min.Adrenaline,noradrenaline,dopamine,metanephrine,normetanephrine,and their deuterated internal standards were monitored in positive electrospray ionization mode by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).No evidence of ion suppression was observed.The assay was linear up to 5μmol/L for adrenaline,5μmol/L for noradrenaline,6.1μmol/L for dopamine,5.6μmol/L for metanephrine,and 34.6μmol/L for normetanephrine,with lower limits of quantification of 5,5,12,6 and 7nmol/L,respectively.The intra-day and inter-day precisions for all analytes ranged from 0.59%to 4.64%and1.98%to 4.80%,respectively.External quality assurance samples were assayed and showed excellent agreement with the target values.This simple method provides an improved assay for determining urine catecholamines and metanephrines.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471729 and No.81101102the Science and Technology and Planning Project of Guangdong Province,No.2016A020216025+2 种基金the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions,Guangdong Province,No.YQ2015245the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.S2011010004973the Department of Education of Guangdong Province,No.2017KTSCX071
文摘BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between esophageal cancer(EC)and perturbed urinary metabolomic profiles,but none has described the correlation between urine metabolite profiles and those of the tumor and adjacent esophageal mucosa in the same patient.AIM To investigate how urinary metabolic phenotypes were linked to the changes in the biochemical landscape of esophageal tumors.METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were applied to esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosal tissues alongside patient-matched urine samples.RESULTS Analysis revealed that specific metabolite changes overlapped across both metrics,including glucose,glutamate,citrate,glycine,creatinine and taurine,indicating that the networks for metabolic pathway perturbations in EC,potentially involved in but not limited to disruption of fatty acid metabolism,glucose and glycolytic metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutaminolysis.Additionally,changes in most urinary biomarkers correlated with changes in biomarker candidates in EC tissues,implying enhanced energy production for rapid cell proliferation.CONCLUSION Overall,these associations provide evidence for distinct metabolic signatures and pathway disturbances between the tumor tissues and urine of EC patients,and changes in urinary metabolic signature could reflect reprogramming of the aforementioned metabolic pathways in EC tissues.Further investigation is needed to validate these initial findings using larger samples and to establish the underlying mechanism of EC progression.
