[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted. Five two-year-old male Kazak sheep about 40 kg which never had intake of the feeds containing gossypol were selected. The experiment was divided into five periods, namely the control period, a period with the supplement of 300 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 200 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 350 mg of GY-01 and a period with the supplement of 200 mg of GY-01. The sheep were fed with the concentrate and the cottonseed hulls in the control period, and corresponding diuretics were supplemented in the rest four periods. The water drinking amount, urination volume and the contents of the hormone and ion in the blood were determined in each period. [Result] After 350 mg GY-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period, with the significant difference （P 0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P 0.05） and 39.39% （P 0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period. [Conclusion] The diet with supplement of GY-01 can increase the urination volume of livestock fed with the cottonseed hulls, and the most appropriate supplement amount is 200 mg GY-01.展开更多
The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back to more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously and is considered to be safe for c...The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back to more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously and is considered to be safe for common use, even at the bedside of terminally ill patients. In this case study, DZ application was selected and applied 14 times on a 92-year-old patient who had suffered severe oliguria along with administration of diuretics. Urine volume increased 12 out of 14 times following DZ treatment;however, the other two times it was ineffective. To investigate the reason and the differences in effective/ineffective DZ application, two internal conditions (effective vs ineffective) were compared by analyzing daily nursing reports (vital signs such as blood pressure, urine volume and body temperature) and weekly clinical data (including renal, liver and immune function, urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, AST, the ratio and number of leukocytes, erythrocytes). DZ application increased urine volume via a transient modification of the autonomic nervous system when internal homeostasis was maintained. Aging populations, who often have several diseases and medications, are rapidly increasing in developed countries. Therefore, the study and application of DZ may contribute to a reduction in medical costs, which have been rapidly and heavily expanding recently.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post...Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post-operative residual urine volume （RUV） in patient undergoing complete PANP （n = 15） and incomplete PANP （n = 17） were observed. Results： In fifteen cases with complete PANP, preoperative RUV was 4.09 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 8.00 ml and 7.02 ml （P 〉 0.05）. In seventeen cases with incomplete PANP, preoperative RUV was 3.90 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 36.55 ml and 22.64 ml （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic preservation may affect urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma and RUV is an effective indicator if the pelvic autonomic nerves are preserved completely.展开更多
Frequent urination is a commonlyseen symptom in our clinical practice. The degrees of severity may be different as to the various chief complaints presented by patients such as frequent urination, oliguria, emergent u...Frequent urination is a commonlyseen symptom in our clinical practice. The degrees of severity may be different as to the various chief complaints presented by patients such as frequent urination, oliguria, emergent urination, dysuria and vesical tenesmus etc. Among the young and middle-aged patients, it is mostly seen in female urinary tract infection, which is gen-展开更多
Background： Urination disorders are common in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and respond poorly to medication. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for urination disorders in PD. Methods： Ninety-one patients wi...Background： Urination disorders are common in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and respond poorly to medication. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for urination disorders in PD. Methods： Ninety-one patients with PD （aged 34-83 years old） were recruited. Patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale （UPDRS）, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQ1）, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD）, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. Micturition number was recorded, and Type B ultrasound was used to evaluate residual urine. Statistics was performed using binary logistic regression, bivariate correlations, and Chi-square and t-tests. Results： Of 91 patients, urinary dysfunction occurred in 55.0%. Among these, 49.5% suffered with nocturia, 47.3% with pollakiuria. Nocturia number had a positive linear relationship with HAMA score （odds ratio [OR] = 0.340, P = 0.001 ）, HAMD score （OR = 0.323, P = 0.002）, duration of L-dopa medication （OR = 0.328, P = 0.001 ）, dose of L-dopa （OR = 0.273, P = 0.009）, UPDRS-II （OR = 0.402, P = 0.000）, UPDRS-III score （OR = 0.291, P = 0.005）, and PSQI score （OR = 0.249, P = 0.017）. Micturition number over 24 h was positively associated with HAMA （OR = 0.303, P = 0.004） and UPDRS-II scores （OR = 0.306, P = 0.003）. Of patients with residual urine, 79.3% had a volume of residual urine 〈50 ml. Residual urine was present in 44.4% of the patients with nocturia~ 46.5% of the patients with pollakiuria, and 80.0% of the patients with dysuria. More men than women had residual urine （35.2% male vs. 13.3% female; P = 0.002）. Conclusions： Nocturia and pollakiuria were common micturition symptoms in our participants with PD. Nocturia was associated with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and severity of PD. Pollakiuria was associated with anxiety and severity of PD. Male patients were more prone to residual urine and pollakiuria.展开更多
This study investigates the relationship between pesticide metabolites and kidney function in solar greenhouse workers,a group with potentially higher chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk compared to general farmers.A tota...This study investigates the relationship between pesticide metabolites and kidney function in solar greenhouse workers,a group with potentially higher chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk compared to general farmers.A total of 279 workers participated,with pesticide metabolites(AMPA,DMP,DEP,DMDTP,GLY,and DEDTP)measured in their urine.展开更多
In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how th...In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.展开更多
The Solanum genus is known for its diverse bioactive compounds,yet its diuretic potential remains understudied.This research commenced with an analysis of polyphenol and flavonoid content in Solanum elaeagnifolium lea...The Solanum genus is known for its diverse bioactive compounds,yet its diuretic potential remains understudied.This research commenced with an analysis of polyphenol and flavonoid content in Solanum elaeagnifolium leaf extract(SEFE)using colorimetric techniques,followed by HPLC-DAD to delineate its chemical composition.The aqueous extract revealed prominent constituents:naringin(12.38%),quercetin 3-O-B-D-Glucoside(27.25%),and flavone(15.26%).A 15-day study on normal rats investigated the diuretic potential of SEFE at repeated doses.SEFE significantly increased urine volume and urinary sodium/potassium levels without inducing hypokalaemia,contrasting with furosemide,a standard diuretic that induced hypokalaemia.Conversely,furosemide,a standard diuretic,increased urinary sodium and potassium while inducing hypokalaemia.It was evident that the diuretic effect of S.elaeagnifolium is dose-dependent,with a dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight exerting a more potent diuretic effect compared to furosemide.The diuretic activity of this plant was supported by an in silico study of the diuretic effect.The findings demonstrate how S.elaeagnifolium leaves have a potent diuretic impact on rats.However,more in-depth studies are needed to examine the following aspects:identifying the specific molecules responsible for the diuretic effect,understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this activity,and assessing the long-term safety and clinical efficacy of this plant in different contexts.展开更多
BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20...BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20%of those cases.The lack of non-sputum based diagnostic tools continue to hinder efforts to reduce the burden of UGTB.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play a crucial role in biological pathways and can be used as a potential biomarker for TB.We evaluated urinary extracellular vesicles(uEVs)as non-invasive source to explore miRNAs with biomarker potential for UGTB.AIM To evaluate the potential of miRNA-155-5p,miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in uEVs to diagnose UGTB in adults.METHODS uEV characterization was done using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry.Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR)for urinary uEV-miRNAs were carried out in samples from patients with suspected UGTB,or Urinary tract infections[UTI,disease controls(DC)]and healthy controls(HCs)(n=20/group).U6 was used to normalize the qRT-PCR data.Receivers operating characteristic curves was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of uEV-miRNAs to differentiate UGTB from controls(DC and HCs).RESULTS uEVs from UGTB or UTI patients had higher mean size,and also lower proportion of CD63 positive vesicles as compared to HC’s uEVs.Between UTI and UGTB,the mean size of uEVs was significantly higher in UTI cases.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly lower abundance of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-26a-5p in uEVs from UGTB relative to UTI(P value=0.004)and HC(P value=0.009)respectively n=20/group).While,miRNA-29a-3p was higher in abundance in both UGTB and HCs’uEV,relative to uEVs from UTI cases(P values=0.004 and 0.002 respectively,n=20/group).Moreover,miRNA-155-5p[area under curve(AUC)=0.88,P≤0.0001]and miRNA-29a-3p(AUC=0.76,P value=0.005)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from DC(n=20/groups)with a likelihood ratio of 5.2 and 4.3,respectively through receivers operating characteristic curve.While,miRNA-155-5p(AUC=0.68,P value=0.05)and miRNA-26a-5p(AUC=0.78,P value=0.002)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from HCs with a likelihood ratio of>2.CONCLUSION The differential expression of uEV-miRNAs,miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in UTGB and UTI cases hold promise in the specific diagnosis of UGTB.Further studies in large cohort are,however,needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these uEV-miRNAs.展开更多
Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pa...Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.展开更多
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks...Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.展开更多
The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism an...The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.展开更多
In their retrospective study of 298 diabetic patients with renal/ureteral calculi,Zhou et al identified critical predictors for urosepsis using multivariate logisticregression.Key findings revealed female gender(OR=2....In their retrospective study of 298 diabetic patients with renal/ureteral calculi,Zhou et al identified critical predictors for urosepsis using multivariate logisticregression.Key findings revealed female gender(OR=2.237,P=0.03),advancedage(OR=1.05/year,P=0.002),fever(OR=2.999,P=0.015),severe hydronephrosis(OR=6.129,P=0.011),and elevated urinary markers-particularly urineleukocytes(U-LEU+++:OR=66.0,P<0.001)and glucose(U-GLU+++:OR=7.248,P=0.005)as independent risk factors.These readily accessible clinicalparameters offer significant potential for early risk stratification in high-riskpopulations.While this STROBE-adherent study provides actionable insights,limitations include its single-center design and unaddressed antibiotic protocols.Future multicenter validation should assess residual stone impacts and optimizeintervention thresholds.This work establishes a foundation for targeted surveillanceprotocols in diabetic urolithiasis management.展开更多
Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of P...Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards.To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs,we determined six parabens,six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters,and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing,China.The urinary levels of benzophenone-3(BP-3)and 4-hydroxybenzophenone(4-OHBP)were significantly higher in summer compared to winter,suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns.Moreover,the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL,approximately two times higher than that in male.P-chloro-m-xylenol(PCMX),as a new type of antibacterial agent,has the greatest level among all target analytes,indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently.Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified.Over 19%of the target population had a high hazard index value(greater than 1)which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben(PrP),benzophenone-1(BP-1),BP-3 and PCMX,indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.展开更多
BACKGROUND Urosepsis is a life-threatening condition frequently associated with renal and ureteral calculi(RUC)and diabetes mellitus(DM),a combination that exacerbates susceptibility to infection due to urinary obstru...BACKGROUND Urosepsis is a life-threatening condition frequently associated with renal and ureteral calculi(RUC)and diabetes mellitus(DM),a combination that exacerbates susceptibility to infection due to urinary obstruction and impaired immune response.AIM To identify the risk factors for urosepsis in patients with RUC complicated by DM to enhance early detection and intervention strategies.METHODS This retrospective observational study included 298 patients with RUC and DM admitted between January 2020 and June 2024.Patients were divided into an observation group(n=32)with urosepsis and a control group(n=266)without urosepsis.Comprehensive clinical,laboratory,and imaging data were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify factors associated with urosepsis.The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines and received ethical approval.RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified several independent risk factors for urosepsis.Female sex(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.086-4.605,P=0.03),advanced age(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.018-1.084,P=0.002),and fever(OR=2.999,95%CI:1.283-7.015,P=0.015)significantly increased the risk.Laboratory findings such as elevated urine leukocyte(U-LEU)(+++,OR=66.0,95%CI:7.031–580.125,P<0.001)and glucose(U-GLU)(+++,OR=7.248,95%CI:1.862-28.211,P=0.005)levels were strongly associated with urosepsis.Severe hydronephrosis also emerged as a significant predictor(OR=6.129,95%CI:3.027-9.623,P=0.011).Other factors,such as gross hematuria,stone laterality,and mild to moderate hydronephrosis,were not significantly associated with urosepsis.CONCLUSION This study identifies key demographic,clinical,laboratory,and imaging factors associated with urosepsis risk in patients with RUC and DM.Early identification of female patients,elderly individuals,those presenting with fever,severe hydronephrosis,and elevated U-LEU and U-GLU levels may facilitate timely intervention.These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and targeted management in the care of high-risk patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endosc...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the...BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.展开更多
The advent of precision medicine has underscored the importance of biomarkers in predicting therapy response for bladder cancer,a malignancy marked by considerable heterogeneity.This review critically examines the cur...The advent of precision medicine has underscored the importance of biomarkers in predicting therapy response for bladder cancer,a malignancy marked by considerable heterogeneity.This review critically examines the current landscape of biomarkers to forecast treatment outcomes in bladder cancer patients.We explore a range of biomarkers,including genetic,epigenetic,proteomic,and transcriptomic indicators,from multiple sample sources,including urine,tumor tissue and blood,assessing their efficacy in predicting responses to chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapies.Despite promising developments,the translation of these biomarkers into clinical practice faces significant challenges,such as variability in biomarker performance,the necessity for large-scale validation studies,and the integration of biomarker testing into routine clinical workflows.We also highlight the need for standardized methodologies and robust assays to ensure consistency and reliability.Future directions point towards longitudinal studies and the development of combination biomarker panels to enhance predictive accuracy.This review emphasizes the transformative potential of predictive biomarkers in improving patient outcomes and advocates for continued collaborative efforts to overcome existing barriers in this rapidly evolving field.展开更多
基金Supported by the Technology Development and Integration Model of Dairy Industry in Northwest of National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD04A11-06)during the Eleventh Five-Yearthe "Standardized Raising of Beef Cattle and Mutton Sheep" of the Eleventh Five-Year Major Projects in Autonomous Regions(200731135-2)+1 种基金the "Technology Development and Integration Model of Dairy Industry" of the Eleventh Five-Year Major Projects in Autonomous Regions(200731134)Science and Technology Projects for Green Food of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang(200631107)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted. Five two-year-old male Kazak sheep about 40 kg which never had intake of the feeds containing gossypol were selected. The experiment was divided into five periods, namely the control period, a period with the supplement of 300 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 200 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 350 mg of GY-01 and a period with the supplement of 200 mg of GY-01. The sheep were fed with the concentrate and the cottonseed hulls in the control period, and corresponding diuretics were supplemented in the rest four periods. The water drinking amount, urination volume and the contents of the hormone and ion in the blood were determined in each period. [Result] After 350 mg GY-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period, with the significant difference （P 0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P 0.05） and 39.39% （P 0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period. [Conclusion] The diet with supplement of GY-01 can increase the urination volume of livestock fed with the cottonseed hulls, and the most appropriate supplement amount is 200 mg GY-01.
文摘The di-zhen (DZ) is an ancient type of acupuncture needle with a history dating back to more than 2000 years. Unlike modern acupuncture needles, the DZ is not inserted subcutaneously and is considered to be safe for common use, even at the bedside of terminally ill patients. In this case study, DZ application was selected and applied 14 times on a 92-year-old patient who had suffered severe oliguria along with administration of diuretics. Urine volume increased 12 out of 14 times following DZ treatment;however, the other two times it was ineffective. To investigate the reason and the differences in effective/ineffective DZ application, two internal conditions (effective vs ineffective) were compared by analyzing daily nursing reports (vital signs such as blood pressure, urine volume and body temperature) and weekly clinical data (including renal, liver and immune function, urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, AST, the ratio and number of leukocytes, erythrocytes). DZ application increased urine volume via a transient modification of the autonomic nervous system when internal homeostasis was maintained. Aging populations, who often have several diseases and medications, are rapidly increasing in developed countries. Therefore, the study and application of DZ may contribute to a reduction in medical costs, which have been rapidly and heavily expanding recently.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post-operative residual urine volume （RUV） in patient undergoing complete PANP （n = 15） and incomplete PANP （n = 17） were observed. Results： In fifteen cases with complete PANP, preoperative RUV was 4.09 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 8.00 ml and 7.02 ml （P 〉 0.05）. In seventeen cases with incomplete PANP, preoperative RUV was 3.90 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 36.55 ml and 22.64 ml （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic preservation may affect urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma and RUV is an effective indicator if the pelvic autonomic nerves are preserved completely.
文摘Frequent urination is a commonlyseen symptom in our clinical practice. The degrees of severity may be different as to the various chief complaints presented by patients such as frequent urination, oliguria, emergent urination, dysuria and vesical tenesmus etc. Among the young and middle-aged patients, it is mostly seen in female urinary tract infection, which is gen-
文摘Background： Urination disorders are common in Parkinson＇s disease （PD） and respond poorly to medication. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for urination disorders in PD. Methods： Ninety-one patients with PD （aged 34-83 years old） were recruited. Patients were assessed with the Unified PD Rating Scale （UPDRS）, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQ1）, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD）, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. Micturition number was recorded, and Type B ultrasound was used to evaluate residual urine. Statistics was performed using binary logistic regression, bivariate correlations, and Chi-square and t-tests. Results： Of 91 patients, urinary dysfunction occurred in 55.0%. Among these, 49.5% suffered with nocturia, 47.3% with pollakiuria. Nocturia number had a positive linear relationship with HAMA score （odds ratio [OR] = 0.340, P = 0.001 ）, HAMD score （OR = 0.323, P = 0.002）, duration of L-dopa medication （OR = 0.328, P = 0.001 ）, dose of L-dopa （OR = 0.273, P = 0.009）, UPDRS-II （OR = 0.402, P = 0.000）, UPDRS-III score （OR = 0.291, P = 0.005）, and PSQI score （OR = 0.249, P = 0.017）. Micturition number over 24 h was positively associated with HAMA （OR = 0.303, P = 0.004） and UPDRS-II scores （OR = 0.306, P = 0.003）. Of patients with residual urine, 79.3% had a volume of residual urine 〈50 ml. Residual urine was present in 44.4% of the patients with nocturia~ 46.5% of the patients with pollakiuria, and 80.0% of the patients with dysuria. More men than women had residual urine （35.2% male vs. 13.3% female; P = 0.002）. Conclusions： Nocturia and pollakiuria were common micturition symptoms in our participants with PD. Nocturia was associated with depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and severity of PD. Pollakiuria was associated with anxiety and severity of PD. Male patients were more prone to residual urine and pollakiuria.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(7234402)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(20JR10RA421).
文摘This study investigates the relationship between pesticide metabolites and kidney function in solar greenhouse workers,a group with potentially higher chronic kidney disease(CKD)risk compared to general farmers.A total of 279 workers participated,with pesticide metabolites(AMPA,DMP,DEP,DMDTP,GLY,and DEDTP)measured in their urine.
文摘In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.
文摘The Solanum genus is known for its diverse bioactive compounds,yet its diuretic potential remains understudied.This research commenced with an analysis of polyphenol and flavonoid content in Solanum elaeagnifolium leaf extract(SEFE)using colorimetric techniques,followed by HPLC-DAD to delineate its chemical composition.The aqueous extract revealed prominent constituents:naringin(12.38%),quercetin 3-O-B-D-Glucoside(27.25%),and flavone(15.26%).A 15-day study on normal rats investigated the diuretic potential of SEFE at repeated doses.SEFE significantly increased urine volume and urinary sodium/potassium levels without inducing hypokalaemia,contrasting with furosemide,a standard diuretic that induced hypokalaemia.Conversely,furosemide,a standard diuretic,increased urinary sodium and potassium while inducing hypokalaemia.It was evident that the diuretic effect of S.elaeagnifolium is dose-dependent,with a dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight exerting a more potent diuretic effect compared to furosemide.The diuretic activity of this plant was supported by an in silico study of the diuretic effect.The findings demonstrate how S.elaeagnifolium leaves have a potent diuretic impact on rats.However,more in-depth studies are needed to examine the following aspects:identifying the specific molecules responsible for the diuretic effect,understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this activity,and assessing the long-term safety and clinical efficacy of this plant in different contexts.
基金Supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research,No.Coord/7(1)/CARE-KD/18-NCD-II.
文摘BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20%of those cases.The lack of non-sputum based diagnostic tools continue to hinder efforts to reduce the burden of UGTB.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play a crucial role in biological pathways and can be used as a potential biomarker for TB.We evaluated urinary extracellular vesicles(uEVs)as non-invasive source to explore miRNAs with biomarker potential for UGTB.AIM To evaluate the potential of miRNA-155-5p,miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in uEVs to diagnose UGTB in adults.METHODS uEV characterization was done using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry.Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR)for urinary uEV-miRNAs were carried out in samples from patients with suspected UGTB,or Urinary tract infections[UTI,disease controls(DC)]and healthy controls(HCs)(n=20/group).U6 was used to normalize the qRT-PCR data.Receivers operating characteristic curves was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of uEV-miRNAs to differentiate UGTB from controls(DC and HCs).RESULTS uEVs from UGTB or UTI patients had higher mean size,and also lower proportion of CD63 positive vesicles as compared to HC’s uEVs.Between UTI and UGTB,the mean size of uEVs was significantly higher in UTI cases.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly lower abundance of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-26a-5p in uEVs from UGTB relative to UTI(P value=0.004)and HC(P value=0.009)respectively n=20/group).While,miRNA-29a-3p was higher in abundance in both UGTB and HCs’uEV,relative to uEVs from UTI cases(P values=0.004 and 0.002 respectively,n=20/group).Moreover,miRNA-155-5p[area under curve(AUC)=0.88,P≤0.0001]and miRNA-29a-3p(AUC=0.76,P value=0.005)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from DC(n=20/groups)with a likelihood ratio of 5.2 and 4.3,respectively through receivers operating characteristic curve.While,miRNA-155-5p(AUC=0.68,P value=0.05)and miRNA-26a-5p(AUC=0.78,P value=0.002)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from HCs with a likelihood ratio of>2.CONCLUSION The differential expression of uEV-miRNAs,miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in UTGB and UTI cases hold promise in the specific diagnosis of UGTB.Further studies in large cohort are,however,needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these uEV-miRNAs.
基金A project funded in the framework of the Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 of the Emilia Romagna region,FOCUS AREA 3A-Misura 16.2.01–GREEN SUINO Project number 5415052.Coordinated from the Gruppo Martini SPA.
文摘Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.
文摘Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572428)。
文摘The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300780Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20220306Yancheng Key Research and Development Plan(Social Development)Project,No.YCBE202214.
文摘In their retrospective study of 298 diabetic patients with renal/ureteral calculi,Zhou et al identified critical predictors for urosepsis using multivariate logisticregression.Key findings revealed female gender(OR=2.237,P=0.03),advancedage(OR=1.05/year,P=0.002),fever(OR=2.999,P=0.015),severe hydronephrosis(OR=6.129,P=0.011),and elevated urinary markers-particularly urineleukocytes(U-LEU+++:OR=66.0,P<0.001)and glucose(U-GLU+++:OR=7.248,P=0.005)as independent risk factors.These readily accessible clinicalparameters offer significant potential for early risk stratification in high-riskpopulations.While this STROBE-adherent study provides actionable insights,limitations include its single-center design and unaddressed antibiotic protocols.Future multicenter validation should assess residual stone impacts and optimizeintervention thresholds.This work establishes a foundation for targeted surveillanceprotocols in diabetic urolithiasis management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22106154).
文摘Personal care products(PCPs)are a class of emerging pollutants that have attracted public concern owing to their harmful effects on humans and the environment.Biomonitoring data is valuable for insight the levels of PCPs in the human body and can be crucial for identifying potential health hazards.To gain a better understanding of timely exposure profiles and health risk of reproductive-age population to PCPs,we determined six parabens,six benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters,and three disinfectants in 256 urine samples collected from young adults aged 18-44 years in Beijing,China.The urinary levels of benzophenone-3(BP-3)and 4-hydroxybenzophenone(4-OHBP)were significantly higher in summer compared to winter,suggesting these compounds have different seasonal usage patterns.Moreover,the total concentration of 15 PCPs in female was 430 ng/mL,approximately two times higher than that in male.P-chloro-m-xylenol(PCMX),as a new type of antibacterial agent,has the greatest level among all target analytes,indicating the increasingly use of this antibacterial alternative recently.Five potential influencing factors that lead to the elevated exposure level of PCPs were identified.Over 19%of the target population had a high hazard index value(greater than 1)which was attributed to exposure to propyl paraben(PrP),benzophenone-1(BP-1),BP-3 and PCMX,indicating that PCPs may pose a relatively high exposure risk at environmental levels that should be a cause for concern.
文摘BACKGROUND Urosepsis is a life-threatening condition frequently associated with renal and ureteral calculi(RUC)and diabetes mellitus(DM),a combination that exacerbates susceptibility to infection due to urinary obstruction and impaired immune response.AIM To identify the risk factors for urosepsis in patients with RUC complicated by DM to enhance early detection and intervention strategies.METHODS This retrospective observational study included 298 patients with RUC and DM admitted between January 2020 and June 2024.Patients were divided into an observation group(n=32)with urosepsis and a control group(n=266)without urosepsis.Comprehensive clinical,laboratory,and imaging data were collected and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to identify factors associated with urosepsis.The study adhered to the STROBE guidelines and received ethical approval.RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified several independent risk factors for urosepsis.Female sex(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.086-4.605,P=0.03),advanced age(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.018-1.084,P=0.002),and fever(OR=2.999,95%CI:1.283-7.015,P=0.015)significantly increased the risk.Laboratory findings such as elevated urine leukocyte(U-LEU)(+++,OR=66.0,95%CI:7.031–580.125,P<0.001)and glucose(U-GLU)(+++,OR=7.248,95%CI:1.862-28.211,P=0.005)levels were strongly associated with urosepsis.Severe hydronephrosis also emerged as a significant predictor(OR=6.129,95%CI:3.027-9.623,P=0.011).Other factors,such as gross hematuria,stone laterality,and mild to moderate hydronephrosis,were not significantly associated with urosepsis.CONCLUSION This study identifies key demographic,clinical,laboratory,and imaging factors associated with urosepsis risk in patients with RUC and DM.Early identification of female patients,elderly individuals,those presenting with fever,severe hydronephrosis,and elevated U-LEU and U-GLU levels may facilitate timely intervention.These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment and targeted management in the care of high-risk patients.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFC2307001the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170570,No.82270698,and No.82470679.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.
文摘The advent of precision medicine has underscored the importance of biomarkers in predicting therapy response for bladder cancer,a malignancy marked by considerable heterogeneity.This review critically examines the current landscape of biomarkers to forecast treatment outcomes in bladder cancer patients.We explore a range of biomarkers,including genetic,epigenetic,proteomic,and transcriptomic indicators,from multiple sample sources,including urine,tumor tissue and blood,assessing their efficacy in predicting responses to chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapies.Despite promising developments,the translation of these biomarkers into clinical practice faces significant challenges,such as variability in biomarker performance,the necessity for large-scale validation studies,and the integration of biomarker testing into routine clinical workflows.We also highlight the need for standardized methodologies and robust assays to ensure consistency and reliability.Future directions point towards longitudinal studies and the development of combination biomarker panels to enhance predictive accuracy.This review emphasizes the transformative potential of predictive biomarkers in improving patient outcomes and advocates for continued collaborative efforts to overcome existing barriers in this rapidly evolving field.
