There are significant differences between urban and rural bed-and-breakfasts(B&Bs)in terms of customer positioning,economic strength and spatial carrier.Accurately identifying the differences in spatial characteri...There are significant differences between urban and rural bed-and-breakfasts(B&Bs)in terms of customer positioning,economic strength and spatial carrier.Accurately identifying the differences in spatial characteristics and influencing factors of each type,is essential for creating urban and rural B&B agglomeration areas.This study used density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)model to explore similarities and differences in the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors for urban and rural B&Bs on the Jiaodong Peninsula of China from 2010 to 2022.The results showed that:1)both urban and rural B&Bs in Jiaodong Peninsula went through three stages:a slow start from 2010 to 2015,rapid development from 2015 to 2019,and hindered development from 2019 to 2022.However,urban B&Bs demonstrated a higher development speed and agglomeration intensity,leading to an increasingly evident trend of uneven development between the two sectors.2)The clustering scale of both urban and rural B&Bs continued to expand in terms of quantity and volume.Urban B&B clusters characterized by a limited number,but a higher likelihood of transitioning from low-level to high-level clusters.While the number of rural B&B clusters steadily increased over time,their clustering scale was comparatively lower than that of urban B&Bs,and they lacked the presence of high-level clustering.3)In terms of development direction,urban B&B clusters exhibited a relatively stable pattern and evolved into high-level clustering centers within the main urban areas.Conversely,rural B&Bs exhibited a more pronounced spatial diffusion effect,with clusters showing a trend of multi-center development along the coastline.4)Transport emerged as a common influencing factor for both urban and rural B&Bs,with the density of road network having the strongest explanatory power for their spatial distribution.In terms of differences,population agglomeration had a positive impact on the distribution of urban B&Bs and a negative effect on the distribution of rural B&Bs.Rural B&Bs clustering was more influenced by tourism resources compared with urban B&Bs,but increasing tourist stay duration remains an urgent issue to be addressed.The findings of this study could provide a more precise basis for government planning and management of urban and rural B&B agglomeration areas.展开更多
Background:Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women.This study aimed to examine age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in u...Background:Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women.This study aimed to examine age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in urban and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021.Methods:Age-specific mortality data for cervical and breast cancers among Chinese women aged 20-84 years were obtained from China’s National Disease Surveillance Points system spanning the years 2009 to 2021.Negative binomial regression models were utilized to assess urban-rural differences in mortality rate ratios,while Joinpoint models with estimated average annual percent changes(AAPC)and slopes were employed to compare temporal trends and the acceleration of mortality rates within different age groups.Results:From 2009 to 2021,there was a relative increase in age-specific mortality associated with the two cancers observed in rural areas compared with urban areas.A rising trend in the screening age of 35-64[AAPC:4.0%,95%confidence interval(CI)0.5-7.6,P=0.026]for cervical cancer was noted in rural areas,while a stable trend(AAPC:-0.7%,95%CI-5.8 to 4.6,P=0.780)was observed in urban areas.As for breast cancer,a stable trend(AAPC:0.3%,95%CI-0.3 to 0.9,P=0.280)was observed in rural areas compared to a decreasing trend(AAPC:-2.7%,95%CI-4.6 to-0.7,P=0.007)in urban areas.Urban-rural differences in mortality rates increased over time for cervical cancer but decreased for breast cancer.Mortality trends for both cervical and breast cancers showed an increase with age across 4 segments,with the most significant surge in mortality observed among the 35-54 age group across urban and rural areas,periods,and regions in China.Conclusions:Special attention should be given to women aged 35-54 years due to mortality trends and rural-urban disparities.Focusing on vulnerable age groups and addressing rural-urban differences in the delivery of cancer control programs can enhance resource efficiency and promote health equity.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
Integrated urban-rural development is a crucial stage in the development of China’s urban-rural relations and is essential for Chinese modernization.In the digital era,the cultural tourism industry has the potential ...Integrated urban-rural development is a crucial stage in the development of China’s urban-rural relations and is essential for Chinese modernization.In the digital era,the cultural tourism industry has the potential to promote integrated urban-rural development through multidimensional integration mechanisms,including cultural exchanges,resource sharing,and industrial linkages.Specifically,by innovating cultural tourism development models,the efficiency of labor allocation between urban and rural areas can be improved,fostering the transformation of rural cultural tourism and its related industries.By expanding the cultural tourism scenarios,new spaces for rural cultural consumption can be constructed,which would help to reduce urban and rural consumption disparities.By establishing cultural tourism development platforms and facilitating the sharing of data elements,the coordinated development of urban and rural public cultural services can be promoted,which would reduce the service gaps between urban and rural areas.By leveraging smart city construction to drive the development of the rural digital infrastructure,integrated urban-rural development,guided by a“digital+”approach,can then be fostered and help to reduce urban and rural development gaps.Building on this foundation,the digital transformation of cultural tourism will advance industrial linkages,resource sharing,factor mobility,and spatial co-creation within urban and rural cultural tourism,gradually realizing integrated urban-rural development and ultimately driving rural revitalization and fostering common prosperity.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structu...BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.展开更多
Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is...Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.展开更多
Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interactio...Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.展开更多
This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace...This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.展开更多
This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced developme...This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced development.A stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in three townships in each region,and data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and chi-square test.The survey shows that residents in Guigang rely more on personal experience for their understanding,resulting in fragmented cognition,with their needs concentrated on disease treatment.On the other hand,residents in Jinhua rely on rational trust and digital communication,leading to deeper cognition,and their needs tend to focus on preventive healthcare.Occupational factors significantly affect the cognitive level in Jinhua,while in Guigang,it is closely related to trust and cultural atmosphere.The interaction of regional economy,occupational background,and cultural tradition affects cognitive differences.It is suggested that Guigang should build a community traditional Chinese medicine cultural experience matrix,develop digital content for ethnic medical resources,and strengthen the“experience-identification-dissemination”closed loop.Jinhua should deepen the construction of digital IP and promote the integration of industry and education.The two regions should jointly build a cross-regional cultural corridor,cultivate inheritors,and use new media to expand the coverage of dissemination.展开更多
Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological p...Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.展开更多
The inter-model difference in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern is a big stumbling block for reliable projections of global climate change. Here by conducting an inter-model Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) a...The inter-model difference in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern is a big stumbling block for reliable projections of global climate change. Here by conducting an inter-model Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis as well as an ocean mixed-layer heat budget, we find that the first two modes of inter-model difference in the SST warming pattern projected by 30 CMIP6 models, explaining more than three-quarters of the total inter-model variance, are both tied to different cloud–radiation feedbacks. The EOF1 mode that captures the different magnitudes of El Ni?o-like warming as well as the largest inter-model variance in the far eastern equatorial Pacific, is likely driven by highly diverse cloud–radiation feedbacks in the east and, to a lesser extent, by differing changes in the oceanic vertical temperature gradient. The EOF2 mode that mainly represents the different magnitudes of SST warming in the western equatorial Pacific, is associated with differing levels of negative cloud–radiation feedback over the central equatorial Pacific through a dynamic air–sea coupled process involving both the Bjerknes feedback and the wind–evaporation–SST feedback.Considering in isolation the robust common model bias of a weak negative cloud–radiation feedback over the central equatorial Pacific, the projected SST warming in the western equatorial Pacific is likely to be smaller than the multi-model ensemble mean, thereby presenting a more weakeened zonal SST gradient than expected, implying the potential for more severe climate extremes under global warming.展开更多
The obesity epidemic continues to challenge global cardiovascular(CV)health,but not all obesity is equal.Emerging evidence underscores that distinct obesity phenotypes—particularly metabolically healthy vs unhealthy ...The obesity epidemic continues to challenge global cardiovascular(CV)health,but not all obesity is equal.Emerging evidence underscores that distinct obesity phenotypes—particularly metabolically healthy vs unhealthy profiles—confer differential CV risks.Recent large-scale studies have revealed that even metabol-ically healthy obesity(MHO)is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV events,particularly in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage.Central is the role of chronic low-grade inflammation,termed“metaflammation”,which can persist even in the absence of overt metabolic syndrome and is shaped by both gender and fat distribution.Epicardial and visceral adiposity contribute to this pro-inflammatory state and are strongly associated with conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.Notably,aging and hormonal changes,particularly in women,may destabilize MHO status,increasing CV vulnerability over time.This overview calls for a paradigm shift in cardiometabolic care,moving beyond anthropometric parameters toward a more refined assessment that incorporate inflammatory biomarkers,fat distribution and sex-specific factors.Recognizing these underlying biological and phenotypic differences enables more accurate CV risk stratification and supports the development of precision-based therapeutic strategies.Ultimately,understanding not just who is at risk,but why,is essential to improving prevention and outcomes across diverse populations facing the bur-den of obesity.展开更多
Optic neuritis(ON)is a focal inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve.Although classically regarded as a sentinel event for multiple sclerosis(MS),ON also occurs in antibody-mediated entities such as aqu...Optic neuritis(ON)is a focal inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve.Although classically regarded as a sentinel event for multiple sclerosis(MS),ON also occurs in antibody-mediated entities such as aquaporin-4-IgGpositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(AQP4-NMOSD)and myelinoligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody disease.In all these settings biological sex is a pivotal determinant of susceptibility,clinical expression,treatment response and long-term outcome.Data synthesized from an extensive literature analysis utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science in this review shows that women experience ON far more frequently–with female-to-male ratios ranging from 3:1 in MS to almost 9:1 in AQP4-NMOSD–yet men,when affected,tend to accumulate irreversible neuro-axonal loss more rapidly.Sex-specific patterns arise at every biological stratum:X-linked gene dosage,epigenetic regulation,hormonal cycles from puberty through menopause,metabolic co-modifiers such as obesity and vitamin-D status,and psychosocial forces that influence healthcare utilization.By weaving these elements into an expanded narrative,the present review provides a detailed resource for clinicians and investigators aiming at gender-tailored management of ON.展开更多
Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences h...Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas,and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement.Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences,this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP)as the study area,explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area,and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences.Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295,and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east.The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway.The low level of urban-rural'population-land-industry'development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas.Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap.However,the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas.The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength.In the process of rapid economic development,more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside.The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance.Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI.This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development,and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.展开更多
Clarify the mechanical properties of different laminations and the fracture mechanism of continental shale under in-situ stress can provide theoretical basis for more comprehensive evaluation of the fracability of con...Clarify the mechanical properties of different laminations and the fracture mechanism of continental shale under in-situ stress can provide theoretical basis for more comprehensive evaluation of the fracability of continental shale oil reservoir.The Chang 72continental shale was used to investigate the mechanical properties of laminations and the effect of natural structure on the crack propagation of the shale.The XRD and thin section tests show that the laminations contain two types:bright sandy lamination with void structure and dark muddy lamination with layer structure.The real-time CT uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the differences of mechanical properties between the muddy lamination and sandy lamination.It found that the uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of the sandy lamination are higher,forming a simple crack with large opening,and the Poisson's ratio of the muddy lamination is large,forming obvious lateral deformation and more secondary cracks.On this basis,the cuboid-shaped continental shale specimens were tested under true triaxial compression conditions to study the effect of laminations and interface cracks on crack propagation combining AE and CT techniques.It found that nascent cracks connected laminations and interface cracks to form fracture network under appropriate loading condition,tensile cracks developed in sandy lamination and shear cracks occurred in muddy lamination because of deformation dissonance and brittleness index differences,and more secondary cracks formed in muddy lamination with smaller fracture toughness.Moreover,the combination relationships between nascent and natural cracks mainly conclude direct penetration and deflection,which is affected by the filling degree and morphology of interface cracks and the relationship of lamination types.These conclusions show that laminar continental shale is conducive to forming complex fracture network,which can provide a theoretical basis for the proposal of indicators and methods for fracability evaluation.展开更多
Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social inf...Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social infras-tructures in urban areas across various scales,with less attention to rural areas,where inequality can be more severe.Particularly,few have investigated the disparities of accessibility to social infrastructures between urban and rural areas.Here,using the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China,as an example,we investigated the inequality of accessibility in both urban and rural areas,and further compared the urban-rural difference.Accessibility was measured by travel time of residents to infrastructures.We selected four types of social infrastructures including supermarkets,bus stops,primary schools,and health care,which were funda-mentally important to both urban and rural residents.We found large disparities in accessibility between urban and rural areas,ranging from 20 min to 2 h.Rural residents had to spend one to two more hours to bus stops than urban residents,and 20 min more to the other three types of infrastructures.Furthermore,accessibility to multiple infrastructures showed greater urban-rural differences.Rural residents in more than half of the towns had no access to any infrastructure within 15 min,while more than 60%of the urban residents could access to all infrastructures within 15 min.Our results revealed quantitative accessibility gap between urban and rural areas and underscored the necessity of social infrastructures planning to address such disparities.展开更多
The urban-rural equalized development （URED） as a definite measure and operating model is beneficial to gradually eliminating the dual-track structure of urban-rural development, bridging the gap of urban-rural deve...The urban-rural equalized development （URED） as a definite measure and operating model is beneficial to gradually eliminating the dual-track structure of urban-rural development, bridging the gap of urban-rural development, and creating harmonious urban-rural interactions. This paper aims to explore the status quo of URED in China at prefecture level, and to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of URED and its differentiation regularity. The results show that： （1） China＇s URED level can be categorized into two parts, i.e., the eastern and the western, according to the ＂HU Huanyong Line＂, presenting a pattern of ＂east high and west low＂ and the URED level improves on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; （2） China＇s URED level can also be categorized into the northern and the southern parts according to ＂Kunlun-Qinling-Huaihe Line＂, presenting a pattern of ＂north high and south low＂, and the URED level reduces on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; （3） At the national level, China＇s URED has a significant trend of spatial agglomeration, the high and low URED regions tend to be adjacent, namely, the URED level presents obvious regional unbalance; （4） The five sub-dimension indicators of the URED level in the geographical space also reveal similar regional differentiation pattern, and in the aspect of space a decreasing trend is found in the URED level from the eastern （northern coast, eastern coast and southern coast）, the northeastern, the central （the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River） to the western （northwest and southwest）; and （5） China＇s URED at prefecture-level city can be divided into five types of differentiation areas. This study contributes to promoting the integrative cognition of the status quo of China＇s URED and can serve as a scientific ref- erence concerning the decision-making of coordinating urban-rural development and of pushing forward new-type urbanization strategy in China.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Social Science Foundation of China (No.21BJY202)。
文摘There are significant differences between urban and rural bed-and-breakfasts(B&Bs)in terms of customer positioning,economic strength and spatial carrier.Accurately identifying the differences in spatial characteristics and influencing factors of each type,is essential for creating urban and rural B&B agglomeration areas.This study used density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)and the multi-scale geographically weighted regression(MGWR)model to explore similarities and differences in the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors for urban and rural B&Bs on the Jiaodong Peninsula of China from 2010 to 2022.The results showed that:1)both urban and rural B&Bs in Jiaodong Peninsula went through three stages:a slow start from 2010 to 2015,rapid development from 2015 to 2019,and hindered development from 2019 to 2022.However,urban B&Bs demonstrated a higher development speed and agglomeration intensity,leading to an increasingly evident trend of uneven development between the two sectors.2)The clustering scale of both urban and rural B&Bs continued to expand in terms of quantity and volume.Urban B&B clusters characterized by a limited number,but a higher likelihood of transitioning from low-level to high-level clusters.While the number of rural B&B clusters steadily increased over time,their clustering scale was comparatively lower than that of urban B&Bs,and they lacked the presence of high-level clustering.3)In terms of development direction,urban B&B clusters exhibited a relatively stable pattern and evolved into high-level clustering centers within the main urban areas.Conversely,rural B&Bs exhibited a more pronounced spatial diffusion effect,with clusters showing a trend of multi-center development along the coastline.4)Transport emerged as a common influencing factor for both urban and rural B&Bs,with the density of road network having the strongest explanatory power for their spatial distribution.In terms of differences,population agglomeration had a positive impact on the distribution of urban B&Bs and a negative effect on the distribution of rural B&Bs.Rural B&Bs clustering was more influenced by tourism resources compared with urban B&Bs,but increasing tourist stay duration remains an urgent issue to be addressed.The findings of this study could provide a more precise basis for government planning and management of urban and rural B&B agglomeration areas.
基金supported by the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(YFH,2024-3-028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(YFH,72061137007)SHV is supported,in part,by U.S.National Institutes of Health(P30CA016359).
文摘Background:Cervical and breast cancers are among the top 4 leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women.This study aimed to examine age-specific temporal trends in mortality for cervical and breast cancers in urban and rural areas of China from 2009 to 2021.Methods:Age-specific mortality data for cervical and breast cancers among Chinese women aged 20-84 years were obtained from China’s National Disease Surveillance Points system spanning the years 2009 to 2021.Negative binomial regression models were utilized to assess urban-rural differences in mortality rate ratios,while Joinpoint models with estimated average annual percent changes(AAPC)and slopes were employed to compare temporal trends and the acceleration of mortality rates within different age groups.Results:From 2009 to 2021,there was a relative increase in age-specific mortality associated with the two cancers observed in rural areas compared with urban areas.A rising trend in the screening age of 35-64[AAPC:4.0%,95%confidence interval(CI)0.5-7.6,P=0.026]for cervical cancer was noted in rural areas,while a stable trend(AAPC:-0.7%,95%CI-5.8 to 4.6,P=0.780)was observed in urban areas.As for breast cancer,a stable trend(AAPC:0.3%,95%CI-0.3 to 0.9,P=0.280)was observed in rural areas compared to a decreasing trend(AAPC:-2.7%,95%CI-4.6 to-0.7,P=0.007)in urban areas.Urban-rural differences in mortality rates increased over time for cervical cancer but decreased for breast cancer.Mortality trends for both cervical and breast cancers showed an increase with age across 4 segments,with the most significant surge in mortality observed among the 35-54 age group across urban and rural areas,periods,and regions in China.Conclusions:Special attention should be given to women aged 35-54 years due to mortality trends and rural-urban disparities.Focusing on vulnerable age groups and addressing rural-urban differences in the delivery of cancer control programs can enhance resource efficiency and promote health equity.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
基金Research into the Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Mechanisms of the Deep Integration between the Cultural and Tourism Industries in the Digital Era(Project No.:2024SJZD124)a major project for the philosophy and social sciences research of Jiangsu universities,and the Research on the Mechanism and Practical Pathways for the High-Quality Development of Jiangsu’s Digital Cultural Industry Driven by the Humanistic Economy(Project No.:24EYB006)a project under the Jiangsu Social Science Fund.
文摘Integrated urban-rural development is a crucial stage in the development of China’s urban-rural relations and is essential for Chinese modernization.In the digital era,the cultural tourism industry has the potential to promote integrated urban-rural development through multidimensional integration mechanisms,including cultural exchanges,resource sharing,and industrial linkages.Specifically,by innovating cultural tourism development models,the efficiency of labor allocation between urban and rural areas can be improved,fostering the transformation of rural cultural tourism and its related industries.By expanding the cultural tourism scenarios,new spaces for rural cultural consumption can be constructed,which would help to reduce urban and rural consumption disparities.By establishing cultural tourism development platforms and facilitating the sharing of data elements,the coordinated development of urban and rural public cultural services can be promoted,which would reduce the service gaps between urban and rural areas.By leveraging smart city construction to drive the development of the rural digital infrastructure,integrated urban-rural development,guided by a“digital+”approach,can then be fostered and help to reduce urban and rural development gaps.Building on this foundation,the digital transformation of cultural tourism will advance industrial linkages,resource sharing,factor mobility,and spatial co-creation within urban and rural cultural tourism,gradually realizing integrated urban-rural development and ultimately driving rural revitalization and fostering common prosperity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
基金Supported by The Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202211003Shenzhen-Hong Kong Jointly Funded Project,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.SGDX20230116093645007+1 种基金Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Clinical Project,No.20243357003Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2303005.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0703200Key Technology Fund of the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Grant/Award Number:GJJS-2022-1-5。
文摘Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361040。
文摘Population migration data derived from location-based services has often been used to delineate population flows between cities or construct intercity relationship networks to reveal and explore the complex interaction patterns underlying human activities.Nevertheless,the inherent heterogeneity in multimodal migration big data has been ignored.This study conducts an in-depth comparison and quantitative analysis through a comprehensive lens of spatial association.Initially,the intercity interactive networks in China were constructed,utilizing migration data from Baidu and AutoNavi collected during the same time period.Subsequently,the characteristics and spatial structure similarities of the two types of intercity interactive networks were quantitatively assessed and analyzed from overall(network)and local(node)perspectives.Furthermore,the precision of these networks at the local scale is corroborated by constructing an intercity network from mobile phone(MP)data.Results indicate that the intercity interactive networks in China,as delineated by Baidu and AutoNavi migration flows,exhibit a high degree of structure equivalence.The correlation coefficient between these two networks is 0.874.Both networks exhibit a pronounced spatial polarization trend and hierarchical structure.This is evident in their distinct core and peripheral structures,as well as in the varying importance and influence of different nodes within the networks.Nevertheless,there are notable differences worthy of attention.Baidu intercity interactive network exhibits pronounced cross-regional effects,and its high-level interactions are characterized by a“rich-club”phenomenon.The AutoNavi intercity interactive network presents a more significant distance attenuation effect,and the high-level interactions display a gradient distribution pattern.Notably,there exists a substantial correlation between the AutoNavi and MP networks at the local scale,evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.954.Furthermore,the“spatial dislocations”phenomenon was observed within the spatial structures at different levels,extracted from the Baidu and AutoNavi intercity networks.However,the measured results of network spatial structure similarity from three dimensions,namely,node location,node size,and local structure,indicate a relatively high similarity and consistency between the two networks.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41930757National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42371285。
文摘This study explores the impact of intergenerational differences on farmers' terrace abandonment in response to increasing intergenerational differentiation among rural households and the practical issue of terrace abandonment. Logit and Tobit models are employed to conduct empirical analysis and it is found that terrace abandonment increases sequentially among the new, middle, and old generations, confirming that intergenerational differences significantly influence whether farmers abandon terraces and the terrace abandonment scale. Village characteristics and government subsidies significantly influence farmers' terrace abandonment. An increase in the number of migrant workers in the village increases terrace abandonment among new and middle generation farmers, whereas an increase in the distance from the village to the county significantly increases terrace abandonment among old generation farmers. An increase in the village's total population significantly reduces terrace abandonment among new generation farmers. An increase in government subsidies significantly reduces terrace abandonment among middle and old generation farmers. The impact of intergenerational differences on terrace abandonment is more pronounced in low-altitude areas. To reduce terrace abandonment, it is necessary to promote terrace transfer, develop characteristic agriculture, improve terrace farming subsidies, and propose targeted strategies for the different generations of farmers.
文摘This article compares the cognitive differences and influencing factors of traditional Chinese medicine culture among rural residents in Guigang,Guangxi,and Jinhua,Zhejiang,providing a reference for balanced development.A stratified sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey in three townships in each region,and data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and chi-square test.The survey shows that residents in Guigang rely more on personal experience for their understanding,resulting in fragmented cognition,with their needs concentrated on disease treatment.On the other hand,residents in Jinhua rely on rational trust and digital communication,leading to deeper cognition,and their needs tend to focus on preventive healthcare.Occupational factors significantly affect the cognitive level in Jinhua,while in Guigang,it is closely related to trust and cultural atmosphere.The interaction of regional economy,occupational background,and cultural tradition affects cognitive differences.It is suggested that Guigang should build a community traditional Chinese medicine cultural experience matrix,develop digital content for ethnic medical resources,and strengthen the“experience-identification-dissemination”closed loop.Jinhua should deepen the construction of digital IP and promote the integration of industry and education.The two regions should jointly build a cross-regional cultural corridor,cultivate inheritors,and use new media to expand the coverage of dissemination.
基金funded by the 2023Laibin City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project(No.2023LBZS035)2024Guangxi Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project(No.S202411546046X)2025 Research Project of Guangxi Science&Technology Normal University(No.GXKS2025YB020).
文摘Objectives:Suicidal ideation is a strong predictor of suicide deaths,which refers to the consideration or desire to give up one's own life.Left-behind children in rural China are more vulnerable to psychological problems and suicidal ideation compared to their non-left-behind peers.The aim of the current study was to examine two potential protective factors,negotiable fate belief and coping self-efficacy,and to test the mediating role of coping self-efficacy in the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation.We also analyzed gender differences in this mediation model.Methods:Across-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas ofChina.A sample of 526 left-behind children(285 males,54.18%;241 females,45.82%;Meanage=13.29 years,SD=0.97 years)was recruited to complete the Negotiable Fate Belief Scale,Coping Self-Efficacy Scale,and the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory-Negative Scale.We used structural equation modeling to test the mediation model and multigroup analysis to test the moderation effect of gender.Results:Negotiable fate belief is negatively correlated with suicidal ideation(r=-0.13,p<0.01).Moreover,coping self-efficacy mediates the relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation(β=-0.06,95%confidence interval(CI)[-0.12,-0.02]),accounting for 35.29%of the total effect.Finally,the mediating effect of coping self-efficacy was found to be significant only for female left-behind children(male:95%CI[-0.09,0.07];female:95%CI[-0.16,-0.01]).For female left-behind children,the mediating effect was complete,with a coefficient of-0.06,accounting for 85.71%of the total effect.Conclusions:The relationship between negotiable fate belief and suicidal ideation among rural left-behind children is mediated by coping self-efficacy,and this mediation effect was moderated by gender.This study provides a theoretical explanation for how cultivating the belief in negotiable fate and coping self-efficacy is effective for reducing suicidal ideation of rural left-behind children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42227901, 42476020)the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (Grant No.QNYC2001)+4 种基金the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Project No.SL2023MS020)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (No.311024001)supported by the Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/W005239/1supported by the open fund of the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, MNR (No.QNHX2328)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42222502)。
文摘The inter-model difference in the tropical Pacific SST warming pattern is a big stumbling block for reliable projections of global climate change. Here by conducting an inter-model Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) analysis as well as an ocean mixed-layer heat budget, we find that the first two modes of inter-model difference in the SST warming pattern projected by 30 CMIP6 models, explaining more than three-quarters of the total inter-model variance, are both tied to different cloud–radiation feedbacks. The EOF1 mode that captures the different magnitudes of El Ni?o-like warming as well as the largest inter-model variance in the far eastern equatorial Pacific, is likely driven by highly diverse cloud–radiation feedbacks in the east and, to a lesser extent, by differing changes in the oceanic vertical temperature gradient. The EOF2 mode that mainly represents the different magnitudes of SST warming in the western equatorial Pacific, is associated with differing levels of negative cloud–radiation feedback over the central equatorial Pacific through a dynamic air–sea coupled process involving both the Bjerknes feedback and the wind–evaporation–SST feedback.Considering in isolation the robust common model bias of a weak negative cloud–radiation feedback over the central equatorial Pacific, the projected SST warming in the western equatorial Pacific is likely to be smaller than the multi-model ensemble mean, thereby presenting a more weakeened zonal SST gradient than expected, implying the potential for more severe climate extremes under global warming.
文摘The obesity epidemic continues to challenge global cardiovascular(CV)health,but not all obesity is equal.Emerging evidence underscores that distinct obesity phenotypes—particularly metabolically healthy vs unhealthy profiles—confer differential CV risks.Recent large-scale studies have revealed that even metabol-ically healthy obesity(MHO)is associated with an increased risk of adverse CV events,particularly in the context of socioeconomic disadvantage.Central is the role of chronic low-grade inflammation,termed“metaflammation”,which can persist even in the absence of overt metabolic syndrome and is shaped by both gender and fat distribution.Epicardial and visceral adiposity contribute to this pro-inflammatory state and are strongly associated with conditions such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation.Notably,aging and hormonal changes,particularly in women,may destabilize MHO status,increasing CV vulnerability over time.This overview calls for a paradigm shift in cardiometabolic care,moving beyond anthropometric parameters toward a more refined assessment that incorporate inflammatory biomarkers,fat distribution and sex-specific factors.Recognizing these underlying biological and phenotypic differences enables more accurate CV risk stratification and supports the development of precision-based therapeutic strategies.Ultimately,understanding not just who is at risk,but why,is essential to improving prevention and outcomes across diverse populations facing the bur-den of obesity.
文摘Optic neuritis(ON)is a focal inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve.Although classically regarded as a sentinel event for multiple sclerosis(MS),ON also occurs in antibody-mediated entities such as aquaporin-4-IgGpositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(AQP4-NMOSD)and myelinoligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody disease.In all these settings biological sex is a pivotal determinant of susceptibility,clinical expression,treatment response and long-term outcome.Data synthesized from an extensive literature analysis utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science in this review shows that women experience ON far more frequently–with female-to-male ratios ranging from 3:1 in MS to almost 9:1 in AQP4-NMOSD–yet men,when affected,tend to accumulate irreversible neuro-axonal loss more rapidly.Sex-specific patterns arise at every biological stratum:X-linked gene dosage,epigenetic regulation,hormonal cycles from puberty through menopause,metabolic co-modifiers such as obesity and vitamin-D status,and psychosocial forces that influence healthcare utilization.By weaving these elements into an expanded narrative,the present review provides a detailed resource for clinicians and investigators aiming at gender-tailored management of ON.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFC0504701Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.15ZDA021China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2016M591105。
文摘Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas,and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement.Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences,this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP)as the study area,explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area,and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences.Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295,and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east.The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway.The low level of urban-rural'population-land-industry'development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas.Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap.However,the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas.The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength.In the process of rapid economic development,more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside.The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance.Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI.This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development,and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102309 and 42007243)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MSBA-120)the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3304705)。
文摘Clarify the mechanical properties of different laminations and the fracture mechanism of continental shale under in-situ stress can provide theoretical basis for more comprehensive evaluation of the fracability of continental shale oil reservoir.The Chang 72continental shale was used to investigate the mechanical properties of laminations and the effect of natural structure on the crack propagation of the shale.The XRD and thin section tests show that the laminations contain two types:bright sandy lamination with void structure and dark muddy lamination with layer structure.The real-time CT uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the differences of mechanical properties between the muddy lamination and sandy lamination.It found that the uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of the sandy lamination are higher,forming a simple crack with large opening,and the Poisson's ratio of the muddy lamination is large,forming obvious lateral deformation and more secondary cracks.On this basis,the cuboid-shaped continental shale specimens were tested under true triaxial compression conditions to study the effect of laminations and interface cracks on crack propagation combining AE and CT techniques.It found that nascent cracks connected laminations and interface cracks to form fracture network under appropriate loading condition,tensile cracks developed in sandy lamination and shear cracks occurred in muddy lamination because of deformation dissonance and brittleness index differences,and more secondary cracks formed in muddy lamination with smaller fracture toughness.Moreover,the combination relationships between nascent and natural cracks mainly conclude direct penetration and deflection,which is affected by the filling degree and morphology of interface cracks and the relationship of lamination types.These conclusions show that laminar continental shale is conducive to forming complex fracture network,which can provide a theoretical basis for the proposal of indicators and methods for fracability evaluation.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2010)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225104)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFF130110O).
文摘Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social infras-tructures in urban areas across various scales,with less attention to rural areas,where inequality can be more severe.Particularly,few have investigated the disparities of accessibility to social infrastructures between urban and rural areas.Here,using the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China,as an example,we investigated the inequality of accessibility in both urban and rural areas,and further compared the urban-rural difference.Accessibility was measured by travel time of residents to infrastructures.We selected four types of social infrastructures including supermarkets,bus stops,primary schools,and health care,which were funda-mentally important to both urban and rural residents.We found large disparities in accessibility between urban and rural areas,ranging from 20 min to 2 h.Rural residents had to spend one to two more hours to bus stops than urban residents,and 20 min more to the other three types of infrastructures.Furthermore,accessibility to multiple infrastructures showed greater urban-rural differences.Rural residents in more than half of the towns had no access to any infrastructure within 15 min,while more than 60%of the urban residents could access to all infrastructures within 15 min.Our results revealed quantitative accessibility gap between urban and rural areas and underscored the necessity of social infrastructures planning to address such disparities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41130748, No.41471143
文摘The urban-rural equalized development （URED） as a definite measure and operating model is beneficial to gradually eliminating the dual-track structure of urban-rural development, bridging the gap of urban-rural development, and creating harmonious urban-rural interactions. This paper aims to explore the status quo of URED in China at prefecture level, and to reveal the spatio-temporal patterns of URED and its differentiation regularity. The results show that： （1） China＇s URED level can be categorized into two parts, i.e., the eastern and the western, according to the ＂HU Huanyong Line＂, presenting a pattern of ＂east high and west low＂ and the URED level improves on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; （2） China＇s URED level can also be categorized into the northern and the southern parts according to ＂Kunlun-Qinling-Huaihe Line＂, presenting a pattern of ＂north high and south low＂, and the URED level reduces on the whole with the increase of distance from the line; （3） At the national level, China＇s URED has a significant trend of spatial agglomeration, the high and low URED regions tend to be adjacent, namely, the URED level presents obvious regional unbalance; （4） The five sub-dimension indicators of the URED level in the geographical space also reveal similar regional differentiation pattern, and in the aspect of space a decreasing trend is found in the URED level from the eastern （northern coast, eastern coast and southern coast）, the northeastern, the central （the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River） to the western （northwest and southwest）; and （5） China＇s URED at prefecture-level city can be divided into five types of differentiation areas. This study contributes to promoting the integrative cognition of the status quo of China＇s URED and can serve as a scientific ref- erence concerning the decision-making of coordinating urban-rural development and of pushing forward new-type urbanization strategy in China.
