Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese a...Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.展开更多
As a potential source of fine chemicals, unripe apple polyphenols were extracted with Viscozyme L treatment. And then, a preparative moderate pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC) method for separation and purification...As a potential source of fine chemicals, unripe apple polyphenols were extracted with Viscozyme L treatment. And then, a preparative moderate pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC) method for separation and purification of polyphenols were successfully established by using silica gel column and octadesyl silane column. The structures of these compounds were identified by ~1H and ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction, the yield of apple crude polyphenols(ACP) was 7.08%, and the total phenolic content(TPC) of ACP was 0.95 g GAE/100 g, which were 2 times of that of control; 5 sub-fractions were obtained from ACP, which were A-1, A-2, and B-1, B-2, B-3; fractions A-2 and B-2 were identified as p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid and the yields were 111.54 and 161.70 mg/100 g ACP, respectively. In addition, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid were the major components in Viscozyme L-aided polyphenols extraction, which could be explained by the result of degradation of lignin and chlorogenic acid by carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme, Viscozyme L.展开更多
Background： The mature unripe fruit of aqueous Carica papaya （ACP） is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of jaundice. Work done on aqueous extract of the unripe C. papaya in an acute oral toxic...Background： The mature unripe fruit of aqueous Carica papaya （ACP） is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of jaundice. Work done on aqueous extract of the unripe C. papaya in an acute oral toxicity study in rats showed the LD50 to be 2,520 mg/kg in rats. Current study evaluated the bilirubin-lowering potential of ACP extract in phenylhydrazine （40 mg/kg） induced jaundice in adult rats. Method： Jaundice was assessed by measuring the levels of TB （total bilirubin） and DB （direct bilirubin） in phenylhydrazine-treated animals with or without drug treatment, with CUR （curative）, PRO （prophylactic study）, and in animals with RLC （reduced liver capacity）. Results： Result demonstrated that TB level of 24.0 μmols/L, 22.0 μmols/L and 45.0 μmols/L in the jaundiced group of the CUR, PRO and RLC respectively was significantly lowered （p 〈 0.05） to 10.0, 13.0, and 17.0 respectively by 400 mg/kg of the extract. Total bilirubin level of 24.0 btmols/L, 22.0 lamols/L and 45.0 μmols/L in the jaundiced group of the CUR, PRO and RLC respectively was significantly lowered （p 〈 0.05） to 7.0, 10.0, and 17.0 respectively by 800 mg/kg extract. Conclusion： The study concluded that ACP fruit extract has ability to lower elevated bilirubin level and confer hepatoprotective effect as seen from the liver function test indices thus justifying its ethnomedicinal use.展开更多
Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors(GRs)to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances.The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection.As a specialist...Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors(GRs)to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances.The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection.As a specialist herbivore,the larvae of Bactrocera minax feed only on unripe citrus fruits.However,how larvae use GRs to check and adapt to the secondary metabolites in unripe citrus fruits remains unknown.In this study,we first performed developmental expression profiles showing that most BminGRs genes were highly expressed in 1st and 2nd instar larvae and that tissue-specific expression indicated high expression of most BminGRs genes in the mouthparts of 2nd instar larvae.Furthermore,we found that silencing BminGR59f by RNA interference(RNAi)affected the growth of 2nd instar B.minax larvae.Hesperidin and naringin were screened as ligands of BminGR59f via RNAi and cell calcium imaging,and the combination of these two flavones increased the body weight of larvae.In summary,we identified a novel gustatory perception pattern in B.minax for detecting hesperidin and naringin,which boosted the growth of B.minax larvae.These results shed light on how specialist herbivores detect and adapt to host metbolites in adverse environments depending on larval GRs.展开更多
基金Supported by Kyungpook National University Research Fund,2012partly supported by Grants(2012-03)from R&D project to overcome FTA,Free Trade Agreement program 2012 in the agriculture and fishery fields of Gyeongsangbuk-Do province,Korea
文摘Objective:To investigate the physicochemical properties of unripe peach-Pruuns persica cv.Mibaekdo(Mibaekdo) and Prunus persica cv.Nagasawa Hakuho(Nagasawa Hakuho) as an alternative to fowl supplement while Japanese apricot(Prunus mume cv.Backaha)(Backaha) was used as a control sample.Methods:The unripe fruits were analyzed for soluble solid(Brix).titratable acidity.pH,total polyphenol content,1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity,amygdalin content,free amino acid content,organic acid content,free sugar content,and α-amylase activities.Results:Total polyphenol content of unripe peach ranged between 137.27-151.64 μg/g whereas that of apricot was 160.73 μg/g.DPPH radical scavenging activities of Rackaha was the highest189.16%.) followed by Mibaekdo(85.03%) and Nagasawa Hakuho(41.30%).The highest amount of oxalic acid 1612.8 mg/100 g) was observed in Mibaekdo while that of Nagasawa llakuho and Backaha were(184.6±18.1) and(334.8±16.1) mg/100 g,respectively.Amygdalin contents of Mibaekdo.Nagasawa Hakuho and Backaha were 486.61,548.60 and 174.28 μg/g,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggest that the unripe fruit of peach has a significant biochemical potential of using as a food supplement with potential health benefit for human health.
基金Supported by 333 Project in Jiangsu ProvinceQing Lan Project in Jiangsu Province
文摘As a potential source of fine chemicals, unripe apple polyphenols were extracted with Viscozyme L treatment. And then, a preparative moderate pressure liquid chromatography(MPLC) method for separation and purification of polyphenols were successfully established by using silica gel column and octadesyl silane column. The structures of these compounds were identified by ~1H and ^(13)C NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that Viscozyme L had the strongest effect on polyphenols extraction, the yield of apple crude polyphenols(ACP) was 7.08%, and the total phenolic content(TPC) of ACP was 0.95 g GAE/100 g, which were 2 times of that of control; 5 sub-fractions were obtained from ACP, which were A-1, A-2, and B-1, B-2, B-3; fractions A-2 and B-2 were identified as p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid and the yields were 111.54 and 161.70 mg/100 g ACP, respectively. In addition, p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid were the major components in Viscozyme L-aided polyphenols extraction, which could be explained by the result of degradation of lignin and chlorogenic acid by carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme, Viscozyme L.
文摘Background： The mature unripe fruit of aqueous Carica papaya （ACP） is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of jaundice. Work done on aqueous extract of the unripe C. papaya in an acute oral toxicity study in rats showed the LD50 to be 2,520 mg/kg in rats. Current study evaluated the bilirubin-lowering potential of ACP extract in phenylhydrazine （40 mg/kg） induced jaundice in adult rats. Method： Jaundice was assessed by measuring the levels of TB （total bilirubin） and DB （direct bilirubin） in phenylhydrazine-treated animals with or without drug treatment, with CUR （curative）, PRO （prophylactic study）, and in animals with RLC （reduced liver capacity）. Results： Result demonstrated that TB level of 24.0 μmols/L, 22.0 μmols/L and 45.0 μmols/L in the jaundiced group of the CUR, PRO and RLC respectively was significantly lowered （p 〈 0.05） to 10.0, 13.0, and 17.0 respectively by 400 mg/kg of the extract. Total bilirubin level of 24.0 btmols/L, 22.0 lamols/L and 45.0 μmols/L in the jaundiced group of the CUR, PRO and RLC respectively was significantly lowered （p 〈 0.05） to 7.0, 10.0, and 17.0 respectively by 800 mg/kg extract. Conclusion： The study concluded that ACP fruit extract has ability to lower elevated bilirubin level and confer hepatoprotective effect as seen from the liver function test indices thus justifying its ethnomedicinal use.
基金This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972270,31661143045)agricultural public welfare industry research from Ministry of Agriculture of People's Republic of China(201503137)+1 种基金the Joint Program of the Israel Science Foundation and the Science Foundation of China(2482/16)the fundamental research funds for the central universities(2662020ZKPY018).
文摘Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors(GRs)to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances.The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection.As a specialist herbivore,the larvae of Bactrocera minax feed only on unripe citrus fruits.However,how larvae use GRs to check and adapt to the secondary metabolites in unripe citrus fruits remains unknown.In this study,we first performed developmental expression profiles showing that most BminGRs genes were highly expressed in 1st and 2nd instar larvae and that tissue-specific expression indicated high expression of most BminGRs genes in the mouthparts of 2nd instar larvae.Furthermore,we found that silencing BminGR59f by RNA interference(RNAi)affected the growth of 2nd instar B.minax larvae.Hesperidin and naringin were screened as ligands of BminGR59f via RNAi and cell calcium imaging,and the combination of these two flavones increased the body weight of larvae.In summary,we identified a novel gustatory perception pattern in B.minax for detecting hesperidin and naringin,which boosted the growth of B.minax larvae.These results shed light on how specialist herbivores detect and adapt to host metbolites in adverse environments depending on larval GRs.
