AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a registration system for the blind people and to monitor the blindness due to uncorrected refractive error and cataract in Jing’an district, Shanghai, China. ·METHODS: Five hund...AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a registration system for the blind people and to monitor the blindness due to uncorrected refractive error and cataract in Jing’an district, Shanghai, China. ·METHODS: Five hundred and ten blind people, based on visual acuity screening in a population aged 70 or older were enrolled into the study. Four hundred and forty subjects were interviewed. The following data were collected on each patient: demographic data, number of hospital visits for eye related problems, distance visual acuity, visual fields, ophthalmic diagnoses, education and registration status. If the eligible subject was not registered as blind, the reason for non -registration was recorded. ·RESULTS: Ten point nine one percent blindness was due to cataract, 27.5% due to uncorrected refractive error, and only 61.59% met the eligible blindness criteria (uncorrected refractive error and cataract are not considered as eligible blindness). The first four leading causes of eligible blindness were age related macular degeneration (25.09% ), myopic macular degeneration (21.40%), glaucoma (18.82%) and corneal disease (8.12%). Only 68.27% eligible blind people were registered. The patients with macular degeneration and glaucoma tendednot to register. Blind people with an above primary school education were 2.59 times more likely to be registered than those who were illiterate or had only a primary school education (OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.49-4.48, P 【0.01). Patients who had 4 or more visits to the hospital requesting eye care services in a year were 2.2 times more likely to be registered than those with less than 4 visits to the hospital (OR =2.54, 95% CI: 1.47 -4.38, P 【 0.001). The first two leading reasons of misregistration were unknowing the registration system (48% ) and unwilling to register (21%). ·CONCLUSION: Under-registration of the eligible blind people exists in the registry system. Education and the number of hospital visits for eye care services were factors associated with registration levels. Uncorrected refractive error and cataract are important causes of blindness.展开更多
BACKGROUND A penetrating injury of a hollow viscus is an obvious indication for an exploratory laparotomy,but is not typically an indication for endoscopic treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man visited the emergenc...BACKGROUND A penetrating injury of a hollow viscus is an obvious indication for an exploratory laparotomy,but is not typically an indication for endoscopic treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man visited the emergency department with a self-inflicted abdominal stab wound.Injuries to the colon and ileum were detected,but an injury to the second portion of the duodenum was missed.On the day following admission to our institution,the patient became hemodynamically unstable with massive hematochezia,although there was no evidence of bleeding in the Levin tube or Jackson-Pratt drain.We thus performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and discovered a missed duodenal injury that was actively bleeding.An endoscopic band ligation was performed for hemostasis and closure of the perforation.The patient was subsequently discharged without any complications.CONCLUSION A penetrating injury of the duodenum can be overlooked,so careful abdominal exploration is very important.If a missed duodenal injury is suspected,a cautious endoscopic approach may be helpful.展开更多
Although living in different times and places, some ancient British and Chinese poets both found it hard to achieve theirpolitical ambitions. This thesis aims to summarize these poets' different attitudes towards ...Although living in different times and places, some ancient British and Chinese poets both found it hard to achieve theirpolitical ambitions. This thesis aims to summarize these poets' different attitudes towards unrecognized talents; and in the mean-while, tries to find out the reasons from the point of culture and religious belief.展开更多
Iridomyrmex Mayr is Australia’s most ecologically dominant ant genus and has been estimated to contain at least 350 species.However,a recent taxonomic revision of the genus recognized only 79 species.Such contrasting...Iridomyrmex Mayr is Australia’s most ecologically dominant ant genus and has been estimated to contain at least 350 species.However,a recent taxonomic revision of the genus recognized only 79 species.Such contrasting views have major implications for an understanding of not only the diversity of such an important genus,but also its biogeography and evolutionary history.The taxonomic revision considered I.anceps(Roger)to represent a single species,despite its marked morphological variation and range from Australia to India and China.Subsequently,a preliminary morphological analysis recognized six species within the complex.Here we describe results from an integrated morphological,CO1 and distributional analysis that assesses if the six morphologically based taxa are differentiated genetically,and if there are additional species in the complex that are yet to be recognized.We found the morphological differentiation within the complex to be matched by extensive genetic divergence,and that matched morphological and genetic differentiation frequently occurs in sympatry.We recognize up to 18 species among our sequenced specimens from the complex,with their centre of diversity occurring in Queensland.Our findings are consistent with results showing that other Iridomyrmex species recognized in the taxonomic revision represent several to many actual species.The recognition of only 79 species of Iridomyrmex does not reflect true diversity within this ecologically dominant genus,nor the complexity of its biogeography and evolutionary history.展开更多
A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized b...A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized by much of the world. Such regions present both regional and global problems. In this study, the Russia-Georgia War and its accompanying domestic politics are examined, including the policies of unrecognized states, using Georgia and Azerbaijan as examples. The Russian factor caused difficulties for Azerbaijan and Georgia in terms of recovering their land; however, the lack of a common standard for state recognition in the international community is also to blame for their difficulties. This study aims to demonstrate the need for a new common standard that considers historical backgrounds and legal aspects in helping such troubled territories return to normal.展开更多
基金Foundation of Health Science Research of the Health Bureau of Shanghai, China (No. 2008-161)Shi-Bai-Qian Plans of Jing'an district Health Bureau,Shanghai, China (No. 2010020103)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a registration system for the blind people and to monitor the blindness due to uncorrected refractive error and cataract in Jing’an district, Shanghai, China. ·METHODS: Five hundred and ten blind people, based on visual acuity screening in a population aged 70 or older were enrolled into the study. Four hundred and forty subjects were interviewed. The following data were collected on each patient: demographic data, number of hospital visits for eye related problems, distance visual acuity, visual fields, ophthalmic diagnoses, education and registration status. If the eligible subject was not registered as blind, the reason for non -registration was recorded. ·RESULTS: Ten point nine one percent blindness was due to cataract, 27.5% due to uncorrected refractive error, and only 61.59% met the eligible blindness criteria (uncorrected refractive error and cataract are not considered as eligible blindness). The first four leading causes of eligible blindness were age related macular degeneration (25.09% ), myopic macular degeneration (21.40%), glaucoma (18.82%) and corneal disease (8.12%). Only 68.27% eligible blind people were registered. The patients with macular degeneration and glaucoma tendednot to register. Blind people with an above primary school education were 2.59 times more likely to be registered than those who were illiterate or had only a primary school education (OR=2.59, 95%CI: 1.49-4.48, P 【0.01). Patients who had 4 or more visits to the hospital requesting eye care services in a year were 2.2 times more likely to be registered than those with less than 4 visits to the hospital (OR =2.54, 95% CI: 1.47 -4.38, P 【 0.001). The first two leading reasons of misregistration were unknowing the registration system (48% ) and unwilling to register (21%). ·CONCLUSION: Under-registration of the eligible blind people exists in the registry system. Education and the number of hospital visits for eye care services were factors associated with registration levels. Uncorrected refractive error and cataract are important causes of blindness.
文摘BACKGROUND A penetrating injury of a hollow viscus is an obvious indication for an exploratory laparotomy,but is not typically an indication for endoscopic treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old man visited the emergency department with a self-inflicted abdominal stab wound.Injuries to the colon and ileum were detected,but an injury to the second portion of the duodenum was missed.On the day following admission to our institution,the patient became hemodynamically unstable with massive hematochezia,although there was no evidence of bleeding in the Levin tube or Jackson-Pratt drain.We thus performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and discovered a missed duodenal injury that was actively bleeding.An endoscopic band ligation was performed for hemostasis and closure of the perforation.The patient was subsequently discharged without any complications.CONCLUSION A penetrating injury of the duodenum can be overlooked,so careful abdominal exploration is very important.If a missed duodenal injury is suspected,a cautious endoscopic approach may be helpful.
文摘Although living in different times and places, some ancient British and Chinese poets both found it hard to achieve theirpolitical ambitions. This thesis aims to summarize these poets' different attitudes towards unrecognized talents; and in the mean-while, tries to find out the reasons from the point of culture and religious belief.
文摘Iridomyrmex Mayr is Australia’s most ecologically dominant ant genus and has been estimated to contain at least 350 species.However,a recent taxonomic revision of the genus recognized only 79 species.Such contrasting views have major implications for an understanding of not only the diversity of such an important genus,but also its biogeography and evolutionary history.The taxonomic revision considered I.anceps(Roger)to represent a single species,despite its marked morphological variation and range from Australia to India and China.Subsequently,a preliminary morphological analysis recognized six species within the complex.Here we describe results from an integrated morphological,CO1 and distributional analysis that assesses if the six morphologically based taxa are differentiated genetically,and if there are additional species in the complex that are yet to be recognized.We found the morphological differentiation within the complex to be matched by extensive genetic divergence,and that matched morphological and genetic differentiation frequently occurs in sympatry.We recognize up to 18 species among our sequenced specimens from the complex,with their centre of diversity occurring in Queensland.Our findings are consistent with results showing that other Iridomyrmex species recognized in the taxonomic revision represent several to many actual species.The recognition of only 79 species of Iridomyrmex does not reflect true diversity within this ecologically dominant genus,nor the complexity of its biogeography and evolutionary history.
文摘A major problem today is the existence of territories, usually breakaway regions that have been part of a larger union under dissatisfactory conditions, which have set themselves up as states but does not recognized by much of the world. Such regions present both regional and global problems. In this study, the Russia-Georgia War and its accompanying domestic politics are examined, including the policies of unrecognized states, using Georgia and Azerbaijan as examples. The Russian factor caused difficulties for Azerbaijan and Georgia in terms of recovering their land; however, the lack of a common standard for state recognition in the international community is also to blame for their difficulties. This study aims to demonstrate the need for a new common standard that considers historical backgrounds and legal aspects in helping such troubled territories return to normal.
