A three-dimensional mathematical model was established to predict the multiphase flow,motion and dispersion of desulfurizer particles,and desulfurization of hot metal during the Kanbara reactor(KR)process.The turbulen...A three-dimensional mathematical model was established to predict the multiphase flow,motion and dispersion of desulfurizer particles,and desulfurization of hot metal during the Kanbara reactor(KR)process.The turbulent kinetic energy-turbulent dissipation rate(k-ε)turbulence model,volume-of-fluid multiphase model,discrete-phase model,and unreacted core model for the reaction between the hot metal and particles were coupled.The measured sulfur content of the hot metal with time during the actual KR process was employed to validate the current mathematical model.The distance from the lowest point of the liquid level to the bottom of the ladle decreased from 3170 to2191 mm when the rotation speed increased from 30 to 110 r/min,which had a great effect on the dispersion of desulfurizer particles.The critical rotation speed for the vortex to reach the upper edge of the stirring impeller was 70 r/min when the immersion depth was 1500 mm.The desulfurization rate increased with the increase in the impeller rotation speed,whereas the influence of the immersion depth was relatively small.Formulas for different rotation parameters on the desulfurization rate constant and turbulent energy dissipation rate were proposed to evaluate the variation in sulfur content over time.展开更多
Controlling inclusion composition, from the point of view of thermodynamics, only explains the probability and limit of reaction. However, kinetics makes the nucleation and the velocity of growth of inclusions clear, ...Controlling inclusion composition, from the point of view of thermodynamics, only explains the probability and limit of reaction. However, kinetics makes the nucleation and the velocity of growth of inclusions clear, and these kinetic factors are very important to the quality of slab. The basic kinetic theory of unreacted core model was used to build the mathematical model for the growth of inclusions and the concerned software was developed through Visual Basic 6.0. The time that different radius inclusions attain saturation was calculated to determine the controlling step of reaction between steel and inclusions. The time for the growth of inclusion obtained from the model was in good agreement with the data measured by Japanese Okuyama G, which indicated that the model is reasonable.展开更多
The effects of leaching temperature(60−105°C),NH4Cl concentration(3−7 mol/L),liquid/solid ratio(4:1−12:1 mL/g),stirring speed(150−750 r/min),and leaching time(5−90 min)on the leaching rates of Zn and Pb were inve...The effects of leaching temperature(60−105°C),NH4Cl concentration(3−7 mol/L),liquid/solid ratio(4:1−12:1 mL/g),stirring speed(150−750 r/min),and leaching time(5−90 min)on the leaching rates of Zn and Pb were investigated.The leaching kinetics of Zn-and Pb-rich fuming dust with a NH4Cl solution was also studied.The leaching rates of Zn and Pb respectively reached 98.2%and 75.6%at leaching temperature of 100°C,an NH4Cl concentration of 7.0 mol/L,a liquid/solid ratio of 10:1 mL/g,a stirring speed of 450 r/min and leaching time of 60 min.The kinetics results indicate that the leaching of Zn and Pb conforms to the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by the internal diffusion of NH4Cl through the reacted fuming dust layer and external diffusion of NH4Cl through the leaching solution boundary layer,respectively.The apparent activation energies of Zn and Pb are 23.922 and 19.139 kJ/mol,respectively.This study demonstrates that the use of NH4Cl solution,without ammonia,is an environmentally friendly method for simultaneous extracting Zn and Pb from the fuming dust of lead blast furnace slag.展开更多
Induration process of oxidized pellets involves the oxidation of Fe3O4 and re-crystallization of Fe2O3.The oxidation process of Fe3O4 is significant for pellets to obtain better ambient strength.Thus,the effect of MgO...Induration process of oxidized pellets involves the oxidation of Fe3O4 and re-crystallization of Fe2O3.The oxidation process of Fe3O4 is significant for pellets to obtain better ambient strength.Thus,the effect of MgO on oxidation process of Fe3O4 was investigated.The unreacted core model was applied to analyze the oxidizing induration process of pellets.The experimental results show that MgO plays a negative role in the oxidation process of Fe3O4.The oxidation rate of Fe3O4 in MgO-fluxed pellets（95.0% Fe3O4 ＋5.0% MgO）is slower than that in standard acid pellets（100% Fe3O4）.The relation between oxidation ratio of Fe3O4 and time was calculated based on the unreacted core model for both MgO-fluxed pellets and standard acid pellets.According to verification experiments,the values calculated by model coincide well with the experimental values.Therefore,the unreacted core model could be applied to describe the oxidizing induration process of pellets.展开更多
Japan started the national project“COURSE 50”for CO_(2) reduction in the 2000s.This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO_(2) emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-ba...Japan started the national project“COURSE 50”for CO_(2) reduction in the 2000s.This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO_(2) emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30%by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050.The idea is that instead of coke,hydrogen is used as the reducing agent,leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process.It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite,magnetite,calcium ferrite,and slag in the sinter is different,and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology.This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO-CO_(2)-H2 mixed gas.As an experimental sample,two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors.The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000,900,and 800℃ in a CO-CO_(2)-H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter,and the following findings were obtained.The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction.Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside,and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted.Micro-observations revealed three layers,namely,wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample,iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample,and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron,or calcium ferritederived wustite'FeO'and iron in the reaction interface zone.A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction,and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.展开更多
Recently, the worldwide supply of rare earth element (REE) resources will be severely restricted. On the other hand, coal fly ash particles emitted from coal-fired electric power plants contain relatively high concent...Recently, the worldwide supply of rare earth element (REE) resources will be severely restricted. On the other hand, coal fly ash particles emitted from coal-fired electric power plants contain relatively high concentrations of REEs. The contents of REEs in coal fly ash are regularly several hundreds of ppmw. In order to extract and recover REEs from coal fly ash particles, as a first step, we have investigated their dissolution behavior in a dilute H2SO4 solvent. The REE content of coal fly ash specimens has been precisely determined, and their presence in the ash component of the original coal and their enrichment in coal fly ash particles during coal combustion have been suggested. REEs in coal fly ash dissolve gradually in H2SO4 over time, and this implies two types of occurrences of the REEs in coal fly ash particles. By applying the unreacted core model to the dissolution behavior of REEs in a H2SO4 solvent, we can explain both types of occurrences.展开更多
For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a"green"process,since no impurities are added as well as CO_(2) can be sequestrated and consumed...For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a"green"process,since no impurities are added as well as CO_(2) can be sequestrated and consumed.Through the thermodynamic calculation,the carbonation reaction can occur spontaneously and is an exothermic reaction.Based on the kinetic analysis through unreacted core model,the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling step in the initial fast stage of carbonation,and the CO_(2) diffusion through the CaCO_(3) product layer was the rate controlling step in the following extremely slow stage.For the carbonation bonded mechanism,the pellet strength was gained by the formation and growing of CaCO_(3) product layer.Since the interfacial chemical reaction was the critical stage of the entire carbonation process,the emphasizes should be focused on the improvement of sorbent activity and the optimization of process parameters,such as pore structure,pore surface area,and total pressure,CO_(2) partial pressure,reaction temperature,etc to accelerate the reaction rate and to improve the quality of carbonation pellets.展开更多
Titanium dioxide(TiO,)nanoparticles(TNPs)are widely used commercially and exist in a variety of products.To determine if anatase TNPs(ATNPs)in doses smaller than previously used reach the scrotum after entry in the bo...Titanium dioxide(TiO,)nanoparticles(TNPs)are widely used commercially and exist in a variety of products.To determine if anatase TNPs(ATNPs)in doses smaller than previously used reach the scrotum after entry in the body at a distant location and induce sperm defects,100%ATNP(2.5 or 5 mg kg'body weight)was administered intraperitoneally to adult males for three consecutive days,followed by sacrifice 1,2,3,or 5 weeks later(long-)or 24,48 or 120 h(short-term exposure).Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ANTP in scrotal adipose tissues collected 120 h postinjection when cytokine evaluation showed an inflammatory response in epididymal tissues and fluid.At 120 h and up to 3 weeks postinjection,testicular histology revealed enlarged interstitial spaces.Significantly increased numbers of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive(apoptotic)germ(P=0.002)and interstitial space cells(P=0.04)were detected in treated males.Caudal epididymal sperm from the short-term,but not a long-term,arm showed significantly(P<0.001)increased frequencies of flagellar abnormalities,excess residual cytoplasm(ERC),and unreacted acrosomes in treated versus controls(dose-response relationship).A novel correlation between ERC and unreacted acrosomes was uncovered.At 120 h,there were significant decreases in hyperactivated motility(P<0.001)and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and increased reactive oxygen species levels(P<0.00001)in treated versus control sperm.These results indicate that at 4-8 days postinjection,ANTP induce structural and functional sperm defects associated with infertility,and DNA damage via oxidative stress.Sperm defects were transient as they were not detected 10 days to 5 weeks postinjection.展开更多
A mathematical model based on the computational fluid dynamics method,heat and mass transfer in porous media and the unreacted shrinking core model for the oxidation reaction of an individual magnetite pellet during p...A mathematical model based on the computational fluid dynamics method,heat and mass transfer in porous media and the unreacted shrinking core model for the oxidation reaction of an individual magnetite pellet during preheating was established.The commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the change in the oxidation degree of the pellet at different temperatures and oxygen concentrations,and the simulated results were compared with the exper-imental results.The model considered the influence of the exothermic heat of the reaction,and the enthalpy change was added to calculate the heat released by the oxidation.The results show that the oxidation rate on the surface of the pellet is much faster than that of the inside of the pellet.Temperature and oxygen concentration have great influence on the pellet oxidation model.Meanwhile,the exothermic calculation results show that there is a non-isothermal phenomenon inside the pellet,which leads to an increase in temperature inside the single pellet.Under the preheating condition of 873-1273 K(20%oxygen content),the heat released by the pellet oxidation reaction in a chain grate is 7.8×10^(6)-10.8×10^(6) kJ/h,which is very large and needs to be considered in the magnetite pellet oxidation modelling.展开更多
The intrinsic kinetics of hydrorefining catalyst in ex-situ presulfurization was investigated using a fixed-bed penetrating method. A mathematical model was built to express the intrinsic kinetics of presulfurization ...The intrinsic kinetics of hydrorefining catalyst in ex-situ presulfurization was investigated using a fixed-bed penetrating method. A mathematical model was built to express the intrinsic kinetics of presulfurization using an unreacted shrinking core model for catalyst grains and one-dimension unhomogeneous model for beds, and then the significance of the new model was tested. Results show that the presulfurization with hydrorefining catalyst was a nonstationary process, as the reaction rate changed with time, and this first-order reaction displayed high activation energy. In this dynamic mathematical model, a correction coefficient f0 was introduced into the common power-function-formed rate equation, which indicated the effects of solid diffusion on reaction. The model with high significance was able to improve the presulfurization rate and the raw material utilization ratio, thus providing theoretical guidance for achieving high presulfurization effects.展开更多
Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis proves to be an efficient catalytic strategy for unreactive bond transformations. Recently, chiral bifunctional ligands, especially amphoteric secondary phosphine oxide(SPO) ligand, are used...Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis proves to be an efficient catalytic strategy for unreactive bond transformations. Recently, chiral bifunctional ligands, especially amphoteric secondary phosphine oxide(SPO) ligand, are used for a more powerful synergistic effect in the bimetal-catalyzed reactions, providing not only milder reaction conditions and higher reactivity but also excellent reaction selectivity. Herein, we give a brief review on the development of Ni-Al bimetallic catalytic system and highlight recent advances in enantioselective Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis for unreactive bond transformation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation China(No.52104343)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2021203222)+1 种基金support from the High Steel Center(HSC)at Yanshan UniversityNorth China University of Technology,China。
文摘A three-dimensional mathematical model was established to predict the multiphase flow,motion and dispersion of desulfurizer particles,and desulfurization of hot metal during the Kanbara reactor(KR)process.The turbulent kinetic energy-turbulent dissipation rate(k-ε)turbulence model,volume-of-fluid multiphase model,discrete-phase model,and unreacted core model for the reaction between the hot metal and particles were coupled.The measured sulfur content of the hot metal with time during the actual KR process was employed to validate the current mathematical model.The distance from the lowest point of the liquid level to the bottom of the ladle decreased from 3170 to2191 mm when the rotation speed increased from 30 to 110 r/min,which had a great effect on the dispersion of desulfurizer particles.The critical rotation speed for the vortex to reach the upper edge of the stirring impeller was 70 r/min when the immersion depth was 1500 mm.The desulfurization rate increased with the increase in the impeller rotation speed,whereas the influence of the immersion depth was relatively small.Formulas for different rotation parameters on the desulfurization rate constant and turbulent energy dissipation rate were proposed to evaluate the variation in sulfur content over time.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shanghai Baoshan Steel Group(50674013)
文摘Controlling inclusion composition, from the point of view of thermodynamics, only explains the probability and limit of reaction. However, kinetics makes the nucleation and the velocity of growth of inclusions clear, and these kinetic factors are very important to the quality of slab. The basic kinetic theory of unreacted core model was used to build the mathematical model for the growth of inclusions and the concerned software was developed through Visual Basic 6.0. The time that different radius inclusions attain saturation was calculated to determine the controlling step of reaction between steel and inclusions. The time for the growth of inclusion obtained from the model was in good agreement with the data measured by Japanese Okuyama G, which indicated that the model is reasonable.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51704107)the Department of Education Scientific Research of Hunan Province,China(No.22A0401)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2024JJ7160).
文摘The effects of leaching temperature(60−105°C),NH4Cl concentration(3−7 mol/L),liquid/solid ratio(4:1−12:1 mL/g),stirring speed(150−750 r/min),and leaching time(5−90 min)on the leaching rates of Zn and Pb were investigated.The leaching kinetics of Zn-and Pb-rich fuming dust with a NH4Cl solution was also studied.The leaching rates of Zn and Pb respectively reached 98.2%and 75.6%at leaching temperature of 100°C,an NH4Cl concentration of 7.0 mol/L,a liquid/solid ratio of 10:1 mL/g,a stirring speed of 450 r/min and leaching time of 60 min.The kinetics results indicate that the leaching of Zn and Pb conforms to the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by the internal diffusion of NH4Cl through the reacted fuming dust layer and external diffusion of NH4Cl through the leaching solution boundary layer,respectively.The apparent activation energies of Zn and Pb are 23.922 and 19.139 kJ/mol,respectively.This study demonstrates that the use of NH4Cl solution,without ammonia,is an environmentally friendly method for simultaneous extracting Zn and Pb from the fuming dust of lead blast furnace slag.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51604069,U1508213,51404059)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M591445)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of NEU China(20160302)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(N140204009)
文摘Induration process of oxidized pellets involves the oxidation of Fe3O4 and re-crystallization of Fe2O3.The oxidation process of Fe3O4 is significant for pellets to obtain better ambient strength.Thus,the effect of MgO on oxidation process of Fe3O4 was investigated.The unreacted core model was applied to analyze the oxidizing induration process of pellets.The experimental results show that MgO plays a negative role in the oxidation process of Fe3O4.The oxidation rate of Fe3O4 in MgO-fluxed pellets（95.0% Fe3O4 ＋5.0% MgO）is slower than that in standard acid pellets（100% Fe3O4）.The relation between oxidation ratio of Fe3O4 and time was calculated based on the unreacted core model for both MgO-fluxed pellets and standard acid pellets.According to verification experiments,the values calculated by model coincide well with the experimental values.Therefore,the unreacted core model could be applied to describe the oxidizing induration process of pellets.
基金based on results obtained from the“CO_(2)Ultimate Reduction System for Cool Earth 50(COURSE50)Project”commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)。
文摘Japan started the national project“COURSE 50”for CO_(2) reduction in the 2000s.This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO_(2) emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30%by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050.The idea is that instead of coke,hydrogen is used as the reducing agent,leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process.It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite,magnetite,calcium ferrite,and slag in the sinter is different,and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology.This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO-CO_(2)-H2 mixed gas.As an experimental sample,two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors.The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000,900,and 800℃ in a CO-CO_(2)-H2 atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter,and the following findings were obtained.The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction.Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside,and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted.Micro-observations revealed three layers,namely,wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample,iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample,and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron,or calcium ferritederived wustite'FeO'and iron in the reaction interface zone.A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction,and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.
文摘Recently, the worldwide supply of rare earth element (REE) resources will be severely restricted. On the other hand, coal fly ash particles emitted from coal-fired electric power plants contain relatively high concentrations of REEs. The contents of REEs in coal fly ash are regularly several hundreds of ppmw. In order to extract and recover REEs from coal fly ash particles, as a first step, we have investigated their dissolution behavior in a dilute H2SO4 solvent. The REE content of coal fly ash specimens has been precisely determined, and their presence in the ash component of the original coal and their enrichment in coal fly ash particles during coal combustion have been suggested. REEs in coal fly ash dissolve gradually in H2SO4 over time, and this implies two types of occurrences of the REEs in coal fly ash particles. By applying the unreacted core model to the dissolution behavior of REEs in a H2SO4 solvent, we can explain both types of occurrences.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51074061)Natural Science Foundation-Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province of China(E2011209039)
文摘For the recycling of ferrous sludge from steel industry,the carbonation pellet process should be considered as a"green"process,since no impurities are added as well as CO_(2) can be sequestrated and consumed.Through the thermodynamic calculation,the carbonation reaction can occur spontaneously and is an exothermic reaction.Based on the kinetic analysis through unreacted core model,the interfacial chemical reaction was the rate controlling step in the initial fast stage of carbonation,and the CO_(2) diffusion through the CaCO_(3) product layer was the rate controlling step in the following extremely slow stage.For the carbonation bonded mechanism,the pellet strength was gained by the formation and growing of CaCO_(3) product layer.Since the interfacial chemical reaction was the critical stage of the entire carbonation process,the emphasizes should be focused on the improvement of sorbent activity and the optimization of process parameters,such as pore structure,pore surface area,and total pressure,CO_(2) partial pressure,reaction temperature,etc to accelerate the reaction rate and to improve the quality of carbonation pellets.
文摘Titanium dioxide(TiO,)nanoparticles(TNPs)are widely used commercially and exist in a variety of products.To determine if anatase TNPs(ATNPs)in doses smaller than previously used reach the scrotum after entry in the body at a distant location and induce sperm defects,100%ATNP(2.5 or 5 mg kg'body weight)was administered intraperitoneally to adult males for three consecutive days,followed by sacrifice 1,2,3,or 5 weeks later(long-)or 24,48 or 120 h(short-term exposure).Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of ANTP in scrotal adipose tissues collected 120 h postinjection when cytokine evaluation showed an inflammatory response in epididymal tissues and fluid.At 120 h and up to 3 weeks postinjection,testicular histology revealed enlarged interstitial spaces.Significantly increased numbers of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive(apoptotic)germ(P=0.002)and interstitial space cells(P=0.04)were detected in treated males.Caudal epididymal sperm from the short-term,but not a long-term,arm showed significantly(P<0.001)increased frequencies of flagellar abnormalities,excess residual cytoplasm(ERC),and unreacted acrosomes in treated versus controls(dose-response relationship).A novel correlation between ERC and unreacted acrosomes was uncovered.At 120 h,there were significant decreases in hyperactivated motility(P<0.001)and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05),and increased reactive oxygen species levels(P<0.00001)in treated versus control sperm.These results indicate that at 4-8 days postinjection,ANTP induce structural and functional sperm defects associated with infertility,and DNA damage via oxidative stress.Sperm defects were transient as they were not detected 10 days to 5 weeks postinjection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51675245).
文摘A mathematical model based on the computational fluid dynamics method,heat and mass transfer in porous media and the unreacted shrinking core model for the oxidation reaction of an individual magnetite pellet during preheating was established.The commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the change in the oxidation degree of the pellet at different temperatures and oxygen concentrations,and the simulated results were compared with the exper-imental results.The model considered the influence of the exothermic heat of the reaction,and the enthalpy change was added to calculate the heat released by the oxidation.The results show that the oxidation rate on the surface of the pellet is much faster than that of the inside of the pellet.Temperature and oxygen concentration have great influence on the pellet oxidation model.Meanwhile,the exothermic calculation results show that there is a non-isothermal phenomenon inside the pellet,which leads to an increase in temperature inside the single pellet.Under the preheating condition of 873-1273 K(20%oxygen content),the heat released by the pellet oxidation reaction in a chain grate is 7.8×10^(6)-10.8×10^(6) kJ/h,which is very large and needs to be considered in the magnetite pellet oxidation modelling.
文摘The intrinsic kinetics of hydrorefining catalyst in ex-situ presulfurization was investigated using a fixed-bed penetrating method. A mathematical model was built to express the intrinsic kinetics of presulfurization using an unreacted shrinking core model for catalyst grains and one-dimension unhomogeneous model for beds, and then the significance of the new model was tested. Results show that the presulfurization with hydrorefining catalyst was a nonstationary process, as the reaction rate changed with time, and this first-order reaction displayed high activation energy. In this dynamic mathematical model, a correction coefficient f0 was introduced into the common power-function-formed rate equation, which indicated the effects of solid diffusion on reaction. The model with high significance was able to improve the presulfurization rate and the raw material utilization ratio, thus providing theoretical guidance for achieving high presulfurization effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21672107)the “1000-Youth Talents Plan”
文摘Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis proves to be an efficient catalytic strategy for unreactive bond transformations. Recently, chiral bifunctional ligands, especially amphoteric secondary phosphine oxide(SPO) ligand, are used for a more powerful synergistic effect in the bimetal-catalyzed reactions, providing not only milder reaction conditions and higher reactivity but also excellent reaction selectivity. Herein, we give a brief review on the development of Ni-Al bimetallic catalytic system and highlight recent advances in enantioselective Ni-Al bimetallic catalysis for unreactive bond transformation.
