Energy flexibility is an important way to realize the real-time balance of regional energy supply and demand,and it can also reduce the operating cost of the system combined with peak-valley electricity price.The oper...Energy flexibility is an important way to realize the real-time balance of regional energy supply and demand,and it can also reduce the operating cost of the system combined with peak-valley electricity price.The operation of central hot water system in university dormitories can provide abundant energy flexibility due to the heat storage characteristics of water tank and pipe network.In order to quantify the potential of the flexibility of the central hot water system in university dormitories to optimize the operation of the system,an optimization model of the central hot water system based on model predictive control was proposed in this study.The proposed model consists of the water consumption prediction model based on the circulation neural network,the heat source model based on the linear model,and the hot water system temperature prediction model based on the RC(resistance and the capacitance)model.Putting emphasis on the reduction of operating cost as the objective function,genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal operation strategy.The results obtained from simulation showed that using energy flexibility to transfer hot water load from peak electricity price period to valley electricity price period could save 30%and 9.4%operating costs in summer and winter,respectively,and increase 64.4%power consumption during valley electricity price period in typical winter months,while bringing more suitable hot water temperature and comfort.展开更多
The large-scale application of renewable energy is an important strategy to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the building sector.Energy flexibility is essential for ensuring balance between energy demand and s...The large-scale application of renewable energy is an important strategy to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the building sector.Energy flexibility is essential for ensuring balance between energy demand and supply when targeting the maximum penetration rate of renewable energy during the operation of regional integrated energy systems.Revealing the energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water systems,which are an important source of such flexibility,is of great significance to the optimal operation of regional integrated energy systems.Hence,in this study,based on the annual real-time monitoring data,the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system in university dormitories is evaluated from the perspective of available storage capacity(C_(ADR)),recovery time(t_(recovery)),and storage efficiency(η_(ADR)),by the data-driven simulation method.The factors influencing the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system are also analyzed.Available storage capacity has a strong positive correlation with daily water consumption and a strong negative correlation with daily mean outdoor temperature.These associations indicate that increased water use on the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system is conducive to optimal dispatching.In contrast,higher outdoor temperature is unfavorable.The hourly mean value of the available storage capacity in spring and winter is found to be around 80 kWh in the daytime,and about twice that in summer and autumn.Recovery time is evenly distributed throughout the year,while t_(recovery)/C_(ADR)in spring and winter is about half that in summer.The storage efficiency was significantly higher in spring,summer,and winter than in autumn.The hourly mean storage efficiency was found to be about 40%in the daytime.The benefits of activating energy flexibility in spring and winter are the best,because these two seasons have higher available storage capacity and storage efficiency,while the benefit of activating energy flexibility is the highest at 6:00 a.m.,and very low from midnight to 3:00 a.m.展开更多
基金supported by the Open Foundation for Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province(204022023001A)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(2023C03152)the National Program for Individual Foreign Experts(H20240247).
文摘Energy flexibility is an important way to realize the real-time balance of regional energy supply and demand,and it can also reduce the operating cost of the system combined with peak-valley electricity price.The operation of central hot water system in university dormitories can provide abundant energy flexibility due to the heat storage characteristics of water tank and pipe network.In order to quantify the potential of the flexibility of the central hot water system in university dormitories to optimize the operation of the system,an optimization model of the central hot water system based on model predictive control was proposed in this study.The proposed model consists of the water consumption prediction model based on the circulation neural network,the heat source model based on the linear model,and the hot water system temperature prediction model based on the RC(resistance and the capacitance)model.Putting emphasis on the reduction of operating cost as the objective function,genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal operation strategy.The results obtained from simulation showed that using energy flexibility to transfer hot water load from peak electricity price period to valley electricity price period could save 30%and 9.4%operating costs in summer and winter,respectively,and increase 64.4%power consumption during valley electricity price period in typical winter months,while bringing more suitable hot water temperature and comfort.
基金This work was funded by the Center for Balance Architecture of Zhejiang University under the project:K Transversal 20203512-24CThis study was also partially supported by the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(No.2021S141).
文摘The large-scale application of renewable energy is an important strategy to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the building sector.Energy flexibility is essential for ensuring balance between energy demand and supply when targeting the maximum penetration rate of renewable energy during the operation of regional integrated energy systems.Revealing the energy flexibility characteristics of centralized hot water systems,which are an important source of such flexibility,is of great significance to the optimal operation of regional integrated energy systems.Hence,in this study,based on the annual real-time monitoring data,the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system in university dormitories is evaluated from the perspective of available storage capacity(C_(ADR)),recovery time(t_(recovery)),and storage efficiency(η_(ADR)),by the data-driven simulation method.The factors influencing the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system are also analyzed.Available storage capacity has a strong positive correlation with daily water consumption and a strong negative correlation with daily mean outdoor temperature.These associations indicate that increased water use on the energy flexibility of the centralized hot water system is conducive to optimal dispatching.In contrast,higher outdoor temperature is unfavorable.The hourly mean value of the available storage capacity in spring and winter is found to be around 80 kWh in the daytime,and about twice that in summer and autumn.Recovery time is evenly distributed throughout the year,while t_(recovery)/C_(ADR)in spring and winter is about half that in summer.The storage efficiency was significantly higher in spring,summer,and winter than in autumn.The hourly mean storage efficiency was found to be about 40%in the daytime.The benefits of activating energy flexibility in spring and winter are the best,because these two seasons have higher available storage capacity and storage efficiency,while the benefit of activating energy flexibility is the highest at 6:00 a.m.,and very low from midnight to 3:00 a.m.
