BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparosc...BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.展开更多
On March 24,the international symposium themed“Strengthen the Role of the United Nations and Promote Multilateralism”was held in Beijing.The event was hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China,and supported...On March 24,the international symposium themed“Strengthen the Role of the United Nations and Promote Multilateralism”was held in Beijing.The event was hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China,and supported by China Institute of International Studies(CIIS),the United Nations Association of China.展开更多
在一个经过篡改的视频可以传播虚假信息、欺凌他人和煽动负面情绪的时代,加州大学河滨分校和谷歌的研究人员联合开发了“通用篡改与合成视频识别网络”(Universal Network for Identifying Tampered and synth Etic videos, UNITE)的新...在一个经过篡改的视频可以传播虚假信息、欺凌他人和煽动负面情绪的时代,加州大学河滨分校和谷歌的研究人员联合开发了“通用篡改与合成视频识别网络”(Universal Network for Identifying Tampered and synth Etic videos, UNITE)的新系统来揭露这些伪造视频。即使在人脸不可见的情况下,该系统依然能检测深度伪造视频。通过扫描背景、运动和细微线索来识别视频是否伪造。随着虚假内容越来越容易生成且越来越难以检测,该工具可能成为新闻编辑室和社交媒体平台努力捍卫真相的必备武器。展开更多
The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings an...The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings and social activities.It was hosted by Rwanda Standards Board(RSB),the ISO member,marking a historic first for East Africa.展开更多
THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal tre...THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal treaty under which national governments freely agree to uphold values and principles of behaviour.As a manifestation of the principle of“the sovereign equality of members,”each has an equal vote in the General Assembly.展开更多
The United States-Japan alliance was originally formed based on the US militar y occupation of Japan but has g radually evolved into a tool for the United States to maintain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific. Currently...The United States-Japan alliance was originally formed based on the US militar y occupation of Japan but has g radually evolved into a tool for the United States to maintain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific. Currently, a United States-Japan “axis” is rapidly surfacing primarily through the military integration between the two countries and a latticework of alliances the United States has been building in the region and even across the globe centered around the one with Japan. The emergence of a United States-Japan “axis” is driven by the strategic interests and needs of the United States wanting to sustain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific through permanent troop deployment and also highlights Japan's realistic calculations aimed at enhancing its international status and gaining practical benefits. This trend will catalyze adjustments in the United States-Japan relations and the functions of their alliance, bring significant changes to Japan's role in regional security, and thus have far-reaching impacts on the Asia-Pacific landscape.展开更多
Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due...Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due attention within the United Nations human rights system and related academic research.As a specialized agency within the United Nations system primarily responsible for cultural affairs,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has played a significant role in promoting the recognition and advocacy of cultural rights in the international community,mainly by expanding and deepening the normative connotations of cultural rights,strengthening the integration of culture and cultural rights with the United Nations’development agenda,and creating cultural heritage rights and other specific examples of protection practices.Under its leadership,the United Nations system is exploring a new agenda of collective actions to promote cultural rights,which shows a trend of emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration between culture and science,as well as culture and education.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,China should further leverage the advantages of UNESCO as a global cultural governance platform to share its concepts and experience in protecting and realizing cultural rights with the international community.Through the Global Civilization Initiative,China can lead and shape the emerging international agenda on cultural rights and promote the progress of international human rights and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.展开更多
With the advancement of the Fourth Technological Revolution represented by artificial intelligence,the impact of science and technology on national power and international relations has been increasingly apparent.Tech...With the advancement of the Fourth Technological Revolution represented by artificial intelligence,the impact of science and technology on national power and international relations has been increasingly apparent.Technology cooperation has gradually become a key priority of the strategic partnership between the United States and India.Amidst the rise of techno-geopolitics,new trends are emerging in the US and Indian policies of strategic competition toward China.Both countries have ramped up their techno-geopolitical competition against China,which has served as the primary driving force behind their technology cooperation.Other important dynamics include seizing the commanding heights of frontier technologies and building“resilient”industrial and supply chains.Thus far,the technology cooperation between the United States and India has made positive progress,showing many new characteristics in terms of cooperation levels,fields,and depth.However,the gap in their expectations for bilateral technology cooperation,as well as in their capabilities in global technology value chains,alongside their dependence on Chinese industrial and supply chains,has limited the breadth and depth of their technology cooperation.The technology cooperation between the United States and India is,to a great extent,aimed against China’s ascendancy.In light of the current situation,China must enhance its capacity for independent technological innovation and actively promote international technological cooperation to forestall and defuse the risks arising from the ongoing US technological decoupling from China.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and...BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and a low pregnancy rate,have been identified as contributors to the increased susceptibility to ovarian cancer.Advancements in cancer therapy over the past century,including the emergence of precision oncology,underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions,factors particularly critical in ovarian cancer,where late-stage diagnosis remains a persistent barrier to survival.This challenge is compounded by the lack of a universally endorsed screening program,resulting in late-stage identification and widespread metastasis.AIM To evaluate demographic differences in ovarian cancer-related mortality from 1999 to 2020 among adult females aged≥25 years within the United States.METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to collect de-identified death certificate data for malignant neoplasm of the ovaries related deaths in female adults aged 25 years and older from the year 1999 to 2020.Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100000 people were calculated.Join point regression program was used to assess annual percent changes in mortality trends,with statistical significance set at P value<0.05.RESULTS Between 1999 and 2020,337619 deaths due to ovarian cancer occurred among United States females aged 25 to>85.The AAMR decreased from 14.62 in 1999 to 10.15 in 2020,with significant declines across various demographics.The AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic White women,i.e.,13.53.Based on region,they were the highest in the Northeast(13.06)and Midwest(12.94).The steepest decline was observed in metropolitan areas as compared to nonmetropolitan ones.The study highlights significant progress in reducing ovarian cancer mortality across age,race/ethnicity,and geographic regions during this period.CONCLUSION The mortality trends for ovarian carcinoma patients showed an overall decrease,with the highest mortality rates observed among older individuals(65 to>85 years)and non-Hispanic Whites.These disparities underscore the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted policy interventions.展开更多
In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countr...In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].展开更多
The second edition of the United Arab Emirates inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)consensus guidance provides updated recommendations for diagnosing,treating,and monitoring IBD.Significant therapeutic advances and evolvin...The second edition of the United Arab Emirates inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)consensus guidance provides updated recommendations for diagnosing,treating,and monitoring IBD.Significant therapeutic advances and evolving treatment paradigms since 2020(including risk stratification and treat-to-target approaches)necessitated this comprehensive update to standardize care across the United Arab Emirates.Developed via Delphi consensus methodology,this guidance incorporates a systematic literature review and key international gui-delines.It presents 188 summary statements covering the full spectrum of IBD care,including complex scenarios like perianal disease and pregnancy.Key updates feature guidance on newer pharmacologic therapies-interleukin-23,Janus kinase,and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor inhibitors-with refined therapeutic positioning informed by recent head-to-head trials.The consensus emphasizes early,effective treatment to prevent irreversible bowel damage,optimization strategies like therapeutic drug monitoring,and achieving objective treat-to-target goals to improve long-term outcomes.Recognizing local healthcare system challenges,it offers practical recommendations on reducing variability and enhancing equitable access to IBD care.By integrating current clinical evidence with United Arab Emirates-specific considerations,the second edition United Arab Emirates IBD consensus guidance aims to standardize care across sectors,provide a benchmark for payers and policymakers,optimize treatment outcomes,and improve IBD outcomes,aligning national practice with international standards.展开更多
The United Nations(UN)has always been a proactive promoter of mainstreaming human rights,while the Charter of the United Nations is the cornerstone and starting point for this endeavor.The mainstreaming of human right...The United Nations(UN)has always been a proactive promoter of mainstreaming human rights,while the Charter of the United Nations is the cornerstone and starting point for this endeavor.The mainstreaming of human rights is a principle and direction of UN reform,as the UN has promoted it through human rights institutions reform and institutional building.Reviewing the UN’s many years of practice in promoting the mainstreaming of human rights,it is evident that its various departments and agencies have formed a united front already,which is specifically manifested in the following ways:The UN Secretary-General puts forward reform plans to promote the mainstreaming of human rights and issues relevant initiatives and calls to action;the mechanism of mainstreaming of human rights provides institutional and financial support;the UN Development Group(later renamed the UN Sustainable Development Group)is the main platform for the UN to promote the mainstreaming of human rights;the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council are the main implementing bodies for the UN to promote the mainstreaming of human rights;and other UN agencies actively respond to and implement the requirements of the mainstreaming of human rights in their respective areas of work.展开更多
Located at the intersection of the east,west,south and north,Central Asia has attracted the attention of major international actors due to its unique geographical location.On one hand,major powers and actors outside t...Located at the intersection of the east,west,south and north,Central Asia has attracted the attention of major international actors due to its unique geographical location.On one hand,major powers and actors outside the region such as the European Union(EU)and the Gulf Cooperation Council have strengthened their ties with Central Asian countries,significantly intensifying the power struggles and institutional competition in the region.On the other hand,Central Asian countries have become increasingly active,developing their foreign relations while seeking strategic autonomy and promoting regional cooperation.展开更多
Human rights education in primary and secondary schools is the initial and crucial phase of human rights education.Based on the normative documents formulated by the United Nations for human rights education during th...Human rights education in primary and secondary schools is the initial and crucial phase of human rights education.Based on the normative documents formulated by the United Nations for human rights education during this phase,this paper constructs the United Nations standards for human rights education in primary and secondary schools,which include four major aspects:educational content,educational methods,reference mechanisms,and human rights concepts.They correspond respectively to the core connotations,practical pathways,institutional protections,and spiritual pursuits of human rights education in primary and secondary schools.On the basis of critically reflecting on these standards,and in reference to the United Nations standards and in accordance with China’s actual conditions,this paper proposes the“Chinese Approach”for human rights education in primary and secondary schools:first,in terms of legislation,clear legal basis should be provided;second,in terms of administration,clear goals and action guidelines should be provided;third,in terms of resource guarantee,sufficient resource support should be provided;fourth,in terms of curriculum design,it should be suitable for Chinese primary and secondary school students;fifth,in terms of evaluation mechanism,a variety of evaluation mechanisms should be constructed.展开更多
Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early ...Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.展开更多
China NGO Network for International Exchanges:Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity In October 2023,the Thematic Session on People-to-People Connectivity of the Third Belt and Road Forum for Internati...China NGO Network for International Exchanges:Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity In October 2023,the Thematic Session on People-to-People Connectivity of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was held in Bejing,where the Action Plan on the Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was launched.The Action Plan proposed and implemented by China NGO Network for International Exchanges(CNIE)aims to build a flagship brand project for enhancing the people-to-people connectivity among the Belt and Road countries.展开更多
Objectives:The study aimed to examine the severity of moral distress and intention to leave among ICU nurses in the United Arab Emirates(UAE),and explore the influencing factors of intention to leave.Methods:The study...Objectives:The study aimed to examine the severity of moral distress and intention to leave among ICU nurses in the United Arab Emirates(UAE),and explore the influencing factors of intention to leave.Methods:The study utilized a cross-sectional research design.A convenience non-probability sample of 341 nurses from various private and government hospitals across different emirates in the UAE participated in June 2022.Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire comprising demographic information,the Moral Distress Scale–Revised.Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with intention to leave.Results:The study found that a large majority(71.9%)of ICU nurses experienced severe moral distress,and more than 35%had intention to leave.Futile end-of-life interventions emerged as the most distress-provoking aspect of practice[16.0(0,16.0)].Multivariable analysis revealed nurses experiencing severe moral distress had 3.73 times the odds of intending to leave their job compared with those experiencing mild distress(95%CI:1.81,7.69;P<0.001)and being aged 31–40 years(OR=2.02;95%CI:1.23,3.33;P=0.005)was independently associated with a higher intention to leave.Conclusions:Severe moral distress was prevalent among ICU nurses in the UAE and strongly associated with intention to leave,and also those aged 31–40 years.Promoting ethical support,shared decision-making,and nurse empowerment is vital to improving retention and care quality.展开更多
Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of ...Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.展开更多
AIMTo examine the epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its impact on mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to test the effect of antidiabetic therapy on the mortality in United States adults...AIMTo examine the epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its impact on mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to test the effect of antidiabetic therapy on the mortality in United States adults. METHODS The analysis included a randomized population sample of 272149 subjects ages ≥ 18 years who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) in2000-2009. Chronic conditions (hypertension, DM and CVD) were classified by participants’ self-reports of physician diagnosis. NHIS-Mortality Linked Files, and NHIS-Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Linkage Fileson prescribed medicines for patients with DM were used to test the research questions. χ 2, Poisson and Cox’s regression models were applied in data analysis.RESULTS Of all participants, 22305 (8.2%) had DM. The prevalence of DM significantly increased from 2000 to 2009 in all age groups (P < 0.001). Within an average 7.39 (SD= 3) years of follow-up, male DM patients had 1.56 times higher risk of death from all-cause (HR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.49-1.64), 1.72 times higher from heart disease [1.72 (1.53-1.93)], 1.48 times higher from cerebrovascular disease [1.48 (1.18-1.85)], and 1.67 times higher from CVD [1.67 (1.51-1.86)] than subjects without DM,respectively. Similar results were observed in females. In males, 10% of DM patients did not use any antidiabetic medications, 38.1% used antidiabetic monotherapy, and 51.9% used ≥ 2 antidiabetic medications. These corresponding values were 10.3%, 40.4% and 49.4% in females. A significant protective effect of metformin monotherapy or combination therapy (except for insulin) on all-cause mortality and a protective but non-significant effect on CVD mortality were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first study using data from multiple linkage files to confirm a significant increased prevalence of DM in the last decade in the United States. Patients with DM have significantly higher risk of death from all-cause and CVD than those without DM. Antidiabetic mediations,specifically for metformin use, show a protective effect against all-cause and CVD mortalities.展开更多
A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles...A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles. The desalting and dewatering results of the ultrasonic-electric united process are compared with those of the electric process. For high salt-contenting crude oil （40-70 mg·L ^-1）, the salt content is still above 10.0 mg·L^-1 after crude oil has been treated by two-stage electric desalting process in refinery, which cannot meet the need of refinery. Ultrasonic-electric united process is a novel technology for treating the high salt-contenting oil. On the optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic-electric united process, the salt content of crude oil can be reduced from 67 5 mg·L^-1 to 3.97 mg·L ^-1 by one-stage ultrasonic-electric united process, and the water content falls below 0.3% （by volume）. The results show that the ultrasonic-electric united process is more effective than the electric process in high salt-contenting oil desalting. This technology should be useful in the refinery process.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal method of long-term renal replacement therapy.Minimally invasive donor nephrectomy techniques,such as robot-assisted(RALDN)and hand-assisted(HALDN)laparoscopic procedures,are well-established in high-income countries and are being increasingly adopted worldwide.Nevertheless,no studies have reported surgical outcomes of RALDN donor nephrectomy from a United Kingdom center to date.AIM To compare surgical outcomes between RALDN and HALDN laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in a United Kingdom high-volume living kidney donor transplant program.METHODS A case-control matching analysis was performed based on the following parameters:Sex,age,body mass index,procedure laterality,number of renal arteries,and previous abdominal surgeries.Key surgical outcomes,including primary warm ischemia time,operative duration,and post-operative recovery,were evaluated.RESULTS In this cohort of 140 living donors(70 RALDN vs 70 HALDN),donor and recipient outcomes were equivalent across key metrics:Pain scores,overall complication rates,readmissions,reoperations,and creatinine levels at 30 days and 1 year.Recipient long-term renal function did not differ between groups.Operative time for RALDN decreased significantly over the study period,indicating progressive improvement along the learning curve.Although RALDN was associated with a modestly longer mean warm ischaemia time(3.53 minutes vs 2.76 minutes,P<0.001)and extended hospital stay(4.21 days vs 3.17 days,P<0.001),these did not translate into any disadvantage in clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION In this first United Kingdom comparative cohort,RALDN demonstrated excellent safety and efficacy,even in the early phase of our programme,matching the outcomes of the well-established,gold-standard HALDN approach.Moreover,the pronounced learning-curve trajectory suggests considerable potential for further improvements in robotic surgical outcomes as the programme matures.
文摘On March 24,the international symposium themed“Strengthen the Role of the United Nations and Promote Multilateralism”was held in Beijing.The event was hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China,and supported by China Institute of International Studies(CIIS),the United Nations Association of China.
文摘在一个经过篡改的视频可以传播虚假信息、欺凌他人和煽动负面情绪的时代,加州大学河滨分校和谷歌的研究人员联合开发了“通用篡改与合成视频识别网络”(Universal Network for Identifying Tampered and synth Etic videos, UNITE)的新系统来揭露这些伪造视频。即使在人脸不可见的情况下,该系统依然能检测深度伪造视频。通过扫描背景、运动和细微线索来识别视频是否伪造。随着虚假内容越来越容易生成且越来越难以检测,该工具可能成为新闻编辑室和社交媒体平台努力捍卫真相的必备武器。
文摘The ISO Annual Meeting 2025 was successfully held in Kigali,capital of the Republic of Rwanda,on October 6-10.The event included the opening and closing ceremonies,sessions with different themes,governance meetings and social activities.It was hosted by Rwanda Standards Board(RSB),the ISO member,marking a historic first for East Africa.
文摘THE world should be celebrating the creation of the United Nations(UN)80 years ago.However,its very existence is threatened.China recognizes the UN as the core of the international system.The UN Charter is a legal treaty under which national governments freely agree to uphold values and principles of behaviour.As a manifestation of the principle of“the sovereign equality of members,”each has an equal vote in the General Assembly.
文摘The United States-Japan alliance was originally formed based on the US militar y occupation of Japan but has g radually evolved into a tool for the United States to maintain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific. Currently, a United States-Japan “axis” is rapidly surfacing primarily through the military integration between the two countries and a latticework of alliances the United States has been building in the region and even across the globe centered around the one with Japan. The emergence of a United States-Japan “axis” is driven by the strategic interests and needs of the United States wanting to sustain its hegemony in the Asia-Pacific through permanent troop deployment and also highlights Japan's realistic calculations aimed at enhancing its international status and gaining practical benefits. This trend will catalyze adjustments in the United States-Japan relations and the functions of their alliance, bring significant changes to Japan's role in regional security, and thus have far-reaching impacts on the Asia-Pacific landscape.
文摘Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due attention within the United Nations human rights system and related academic research.As a specialized agency within the United Nations system primarily responsible for cultural affairs,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has played a significant role in promoting the recognition and advocacy of cultural rights in the international community,mainly by expanding and deepening the normative connotations of cultural rights,strengthening the integration of culture and cultural rights with the United Nations’development agenda,and creating cultural heritage rights and other specific examples of protection practices.Under its leadership,the United Nations system is exploring a new agenda of collective actions to promote cultural rights,which shows a trend of emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration between culture and science,as well as culture and education.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,China should further leverage the advantages of UNESCO as a global cultural governance platform to share its concepts and experience in protecting and realizing cultural rights with the international community.Through the Global Civilization Initiative,China can lead and shape the emerging international agenda on cultural rights and promote the progress of international human rights and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
文摘With the advancement of the Fourth Technological Revolution represented by artificial intelligence,the impact of science and technology on national power and international relations has been increasingly apparent.Technology cooperation has gradually become a key priority of the strategic partnership between the United States and India.Amidst the rise of techno-geopolitics,new trends are emerging in the US and Indian policies of strategic competition toward China.Both countries have ramped up their techno-geopolitical competition against China,which has served as the primary driving force behind their technology cooperation.Other important dynamics include seizing the commanding heights of frontier technologies and building“resilient”industrial and supply chains.Thus far,the technology cooperation between the United States and India has made positive progress,showing many new characteristics in terms of cooperation levels,fields,and depth.However,the gap in their expectations for bilateral technology cooperation,as well as in their capabilities in global technology value chains,alongside their dependence on Chinese industrial and supply chains,has limited the breadth and depth of their technology cooperation.The technology cooperation between the United States and India is,to a great extent,aimed against China’s ascendancy.In light of the current situation,China must enhance its capacity for independent technological innovation and actively promote international technological cooperation to forestall and defuse the risks arising from the ongoing US technological decoupling from China.
文摘BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers.Several reproductive and hormonal risk factors,including early menarche,late menopause,limited use of oral contraceptives,and a low pregnancy rate,have been identified as contributors to the increased susceptibility to ovarian cancer.Advancements in cancer therapy over the past century,including the emergence of precision oncology,underscore the importance of early detection and tailored interventions,factors particularly critical in ovarian cancer,where late-stage diagnosis remains a persistent barrier to survival.This challenge is compounded by the lack of a universally endorsed screening program,resulting in late-stage identification and widespread metastasis.AIM To evaluate demographic differences in ovarian cancer-related mortality from 1999 to 2020 among adult females aged≥25 years within the United States.METHODS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database was used to collect de-identified death certificate data for malignant neoplasm of the ovaries related deaths in female adults aged 25 years and older from the year 1999 to 2020.Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)per 100000 people were calculated.Join point regression program was used to assess annual percent changes in mortality trends,with statistical significance set at P value<0.05.RESULTS Between 1999 and 2020,337619 deaths due to ovarian cancer occurred among United States females aged 25 to>85.The AAMR decreased from 14.62 in 1999 to 10.15 in 2020,with significant declines across various demographics.The AAMRs were highest among non-Hispanic White women,i.e.,13.53.Based on region,they were the highest in the Northeast(13.06)and Midwest(12.94).The steepest decline was observed in metropolitan areas as compared to nonmetropolitan ones.The study highlights significant progress in reducing ovarian cancer mortality across age,race/ethnicity,and geographic regions during this period.CONCLUSION The mortality trends for ovarian carcinoma patients showed an overall decrease,with the highest mortality rates observed among older individuals(65 to>85 years)and non-Hispanic Whites.These disparities underscore the need for equitable healthcare access and targeted policy interventions.
文摘In January 2025,the United States issued executive orders that could potentially curtail lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer,and other sexual and gender minorities(LGBTQ+)rights and federal aid to developing countries,such as public health programs under the United States Agency for International Development(USAID)[1,2].In the Philippines,USAID has played an important role in funding and supporting initiatives to address the country’s local HIV epidemic[2,3].
文摘The second edition of the United Arab Emirates inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)consensus guidance provides updated recommendations for diagnosing,treating,and monitoring IBD.Significant therapeutic advances and evolving treatment paradigms since 2020(including risk stratification and treat-to-target approaches)necessitated this comprehensive update to standardize care across the United Arab Emirates.Developed via Delphi consensus methodology,this guidance incorporates a systematic literature review and key international gui-delines.It presents 188 summary statements covering the full spectrum of IBD care,including complex scenarios like perianal disease and pregnancy.Key updates feature guidance on newer pharmacologic therapies-interleukin-23,Janus kinase,and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor inhibitors-with refined therapeutic positioning informed by recent head-to-head trials.The consensus emphasizes early,effective treatment to prevent irreversible bowel damage,optimization strategies like therapeutic drug monitoring,and achieving objective treat-to-target goals to improve long-term outcomes.Recognizing local healthcare system challenges,it offers practical recommendations on reducing variability and enhancing equitable access to IBD care.By integrating current clinical evidence with United Arab Emirates-specific considerations,the second edition United Arab Emirates IBD consensus guidance aims to standardize care across sectors,provide a benchmark for payers and policymakers,optimize treatment outcomes,and improve IBD outcomes,aligning national practice with international standards.
文摘The United Nations(UN)has always been a proactive promoter of mainstreaming human rights,while the Charter of the United Nations is the cornerstone and starting point for this endeavor.The mainstreaming of human rights is a principle and direction of UN reform,as the UN has promoted it through human rights institutions reform and institutional building.Reviewing the UN’s many years of practice in promoting the mainstreaming of human rights,it is evident that its various departments and agencies have formed a united front already,which is specifically manifested in the following ways:The UN Secretary-General puts forward reform plans to promote the mainstreaming of human rights and issues relevant initiatives and calls to action;the mechanism of mainstreaming of human rights provides institutional and financial support;the UN Development Group(later renamed the UN Sustainable Development Group)is the main platform for the UN to promote the mainstreaming of human rights;the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Human Rights Council are the main implementing bodies for the UN to promote the mainstreaming of human rights;and other UN agencies actively respond to and implement the requirements of the mainstreaming of human rights in their respective areas of work.
文摘Located at the intersection of the east,west,south and north,Central Asia has attracted the attention of major international actors due to its unique geographical location.On one hand,major powers and actors outside the region such as the European Union(EU)and the Gulf Cooperation Council have strengthened their ties with Central Asian countries,significantly intensifying the power struggles and institutional competition in the region.On the other hand,Central Asian countries have become increasingly active,developing their foreign relations while seeking strategic autonomy and promoting regional cooperation.
基金“Research on Human Rights Education in Schools in China,”a major project(Project Number 16JJD820029)funded by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Human rights education in primary and secondary schools is the initial and crucial phase of human rights education.Based on the normative documents formulated by the United Nations for human rights education during this phase,this paper constructs the United Nations standards for human rights education in primary and secondary schools,which include four major aspects:educational content,educational methods,reference mechanisms,and human rights concepts.They correspond respectively to the core connotations,practical pathways,institutional protections,and spiritual pursuits of human rights education in primary and secondary schools.On the basis of critically reflecting on these standards,and in reference to the United Nations standards and in accordance with China’s actual conditions,this paper proposes the“Chinese Approach”for human rights education in primary and secondary schools:first,in terms of legislation,clear legal basis should be provided;second,in terms of administration,clear goals and action guidelines should be provided;third,in terms of resource guarantee,sufficient resource support should be provided;fourth,in terms of curriculum design,it should be suitable for Chinese primary and secondary school students;fifth,in terms of evaluation mechanism,a variety of evaluation mechanisms should be constructed.
文摘Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.
文摘China NGO Network for International Exchanges:Action Plan on Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity In October 2023,the Thematic Session on People-to-People Connectivity of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was held in Bejing,where the Action Plan on the Silk Road People-to-People Connectivity was launched.The Action Plan proposed and implemented by China NGO Network for International Exchanges(CNIE)aims to build a flagship brand project for enhancing the people-to-people connectivity among the Belt and Road countries.
文摘Objectives:The study aimed to examine the severity of moral distress and intention to leave among ICU nurses in the United Arab Emirates(UAE),and explore the influencing factors of intention to leave.Methods:The study utilized a cross-sectional research design.A convenience non-probability sample of 341 nurses from various private and government hospitals across different emirates in the UAE participated in June 2022.Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire comprising demographic information,the Moral Distress Scale–Revised.Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with intention to leave.Results:The study found that a large majority(71.9%)of ICU nurses experienced severe moral distress,and more than 35%had intention to leave.Futile end-of-life interventions emerged as the most distress-provoking aspect of practice[16.0(0,16.0)].Multivariable analysis revealed nurses experiencing severe moral distress had 3.73 times the odds of intending to leave their job compared with those experiencing mild distress(95%CI:1.81,7.69;P<0.001)and being aged 31–40 years(OR=2.02;95%CI:1.23,3.33;P=0.005)was independently associated with a higher intention to leave.Conclusions:Severe moral distress was prevalent among ICU nurses in the UAE and strongly associated with intention to leave,and also those aged 31–40 years.Promoting ethical support,shared decision-making,and nurse empowerment is vital to improving retention and care quality.
文摘Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.
基金Supported by A grant from the Drexel-Ameri Health Faculty Initiatives,No.282573
文摘AIMTo examine the epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its impact on mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to test the effect of antidiabetic therapy on the mortality in United States adults. METHODS The analysis included a randomized population sample of 272149 subjects ages ≥ 18 years who participated in the National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) in2000-2009. Chronic conditions (hypertension, DM and CVD) were classified by participants’ self-reports of physician diagnosis. NHIS-Mortality Linked Files, and NHIS-Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Linkage Fileson prescribed medicines for patients with DM were used to test the research questions. χ 2, Poisson and Cox’s regression models were applied in data analysis.RESULTS Of all participants, 22305 (8.2%) had DM. The prevalence of DM significantly increased from 2000 to 2009 in all age groups (P < 0.001). Within an average 7.39 (SD= 3) years of follow-up, male DM patients had 1.56 times higher risk of death from all-cause (HR = 1.56, 95%CI:1.49-1.64), 1.72 times higher from heart disease [1.72 (1.53-1.93)], 1.48 times higher from cerebrovascular disease [1.48 (1.18-1.85)], and 1.67 times higher from CVD [1.67 (1.51-1.86)] than subjects without DM,respectively. Similar results were observed in females. In males, 10% of DM patients did not use any antidiabetic medications, 38.1% used antidiabetic monotherapy, and 51.9% used ≥ 2 antidiabetic medications. These corresponding values were 10.3%, 40.4% and 49.4% in females. A significant protective effect of metformin monotherapy or combination therapy (except for insulin) on all-cause mortality and a protective but non-significant effect on CVD mortality were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first study using data from multiple linkage files to confirm a significant increased prevalence of DM in the last decade in the United States. Patients with DM have significantly higher risk of death from all-cause and CVD than those without DM. Antidiabetic mediations,specifically for metformin use, show a protective effect against all-cause and CVD mortalities.
文摘A technology of ultrasonic-electric united desalting and dewatering of crude oil is studied. The ultrasonic setup is designed to form a standing-wave field, which is more efficient for agglomeration of water particles. The desalting and dewatering results of the ultrasonic-electric united process are compared with those of the electric process. For high salt-contenting crude oil （40-70 mg·L ^-1）, the salt content is still above 10.0 mg·L^-1 after crude oil has been treated by two-stage electric desalting process in refinery, which cannot meet the need of refinery. Ultrasonic-electric united process is a novel technology for treating the high salt-contenting oil. On the optimal operating conditions of the ultrasonic-electric united process, the salt content of crude oil can be reduced from 67 5 mg·L^-1 to 3.97 mg·L ^-1 by one-stage ultrasonic-electric united process, and the water content falls below 0.3% （by volume）. The results show that the ultrasonic-electric united process is more effective than the electric process in high salt-contenting oil desalting. This technology should be useful in the refinery process.
