Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacteria...Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods,and(heir antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method.Results:Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment,of which 249(64.68%) were cultured positive and 136(35.32%) were negative.The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)(15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.9%).P.aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin(95.3%),cefotaxime(64.1%),and ceftriaxone(60.9%).Amikacin was the most effective(84.4%) antibiotic against P.aeruginosa followed by imipenem(81.2%),and meropenem(75.0%).K.pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin(86.5%),ceftriaxone(75.7%),ceftazidime(73.0%),cefpirome(73.0%) and cefotaxime(67.9%),respectively.Conclusions:Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins,and quinolone antibiotics.Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pallerns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.展开更多
Base upon the Diwa theory and the studies of evolution process of geotectonic units, this paper has advanced that there are many replacement patterns of the geotectonic u-nits in their evolution process. There are thr...Base upon the Diwa theory and the studies of evolution process of geotectonic units, this paper has advanced that there are many replacement patterns of the geotectonic u-nits in their evolution process. There are three replacement patterns (eg. sudden change (nor-mal) pattern, gradual change and progressive pattern) during the platform region substitutes the geosynclinal region and three replacement patterns (eg. normal pattern, surpassive pattern and progressive pattern) when the Diwa region develops from pre-Diwa regions. The knowl-edge of these regularity is of important significance for us to deeply study the evolution of geo-tectonic unit and the development of the crust.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">An intensive care unit (ICU) is a special unit of a hospital ...<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">An intensive care unit (ICU) is a special unit of a hospital that provides intensive treatment for patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries, which require constant care and close monitoring with life support equipment. The mortality rate is still very high in most ICUs especially in the developing countries due to late presentation of patients, unavailability of well trained staff and lack of life support equipment. There has not been any previous study on the mortality pattern in ICU of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA). It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective descriptive hospital based study of the mortality pattern in ICU of a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, South-eastern Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This is a retrospective descriptive hospital based study. The admission and discharge registers of the ICU ward were used to extract information on biodata, diagnosis, duration and outcome of all admissions from January to December 2019 (12</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 174 (male 113, female 71) patients were admitted over the 12</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months period with mean age of 46.31</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12.28</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. Seventy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">one (40.8%) of the patients died from predominantly stroke, acute abdomen, trauma, sepsis, renal failure, acute diabetic complications and cancer in descending order. Acute diabetic complications had 100% case fatality rate, followed by stroke (71%), renal failure (62.5%), cancer (60%), sepsis (55.5%), acute abdomen (34%) and trauma (23%). The mean duration of ICU admission was 4.2 days for the non-survivors and 6.3 days for survivors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The ICU mortality rate was high and constituted of mainly stroke, acute abdomen and trauma which are essentially preventable. Female sex, medical diagnosis and ICU admission duration of less than 6 days were associated with higher ICU mortality.</span></span>展开更多
Large-area patterned films of boron nanowires（BNWs） are fabricated at various densities by chemical vapor deposition（CVD）. Different widths of unit-cell of Mo masks are used as templates. The widths of unit-cell o...Large-area patterned films of boron nanowires（BNWs） are fabricated at various densities by chemical vapor deposition（CVD）. Different widths of unit-cell of Mo masks are used as templates. The widths of unit-cell of Mo masks are100 μm, 150 μm, and 200 μm, respectively. The distance between unit cells is 50 μm. The BNWs have an average diameter of about 20 nm and lengths of 10 μm–20 μm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that each nanowire has a β-tetragonal structure with good crystallization. Field emission measurements of the BNW films show that their turn-on electric fields decrease with width of unit-cell increasing.展开更多
生态空间的分区比例设定是影响地方政府能否以最小的财政投入来最大化保护重要生态空间的直接因素,恰如其分地划定优先保护空间颇具挑战性。本研究以生态系统面积-服务效益最大化为目标,遵循“空间效率优先、兼顾空间连续性”的分区原则...生态空间的分区比例设定是影响地方政府能否以最小的财政投入来最大化保护重要生态空间的直接因素,恰如其分地划定优先保护空间颇具挑战性。本研究以生态系统面积-服务效益最大化为目标,遵循“空间效率优先、兼顾空间连续性”的分区原则,创建单位面积水源涵养服务贡献率(per-unit-area contribution rate of water conservation services,PCRWCS)用以判定分区阈值,提出基于“面积-服务-格局”的优先保护空间划定方法,并以张家口-承德地区(简称“张承地区”)为例开展了实例应用分析。结果表明:①PCRWCS用以识别优先保护空间的划分阈值,可以定量识别出水源涵养量相对较大的栅格,避免了传统统计分区方法中分级数量、断点识别凭主观判断的弊端以及对生态过程及相互作用机制考虑不足的问题。②PCRWCS≥1的栅格经临近斑块聚合、破碎细小斑块剔除以及边界优化后,在空间上呈集中连片分布状态,范围覆盖了京津城市群主要水源地(密云水库、潘家口水库)的上游汇水区域,其中森林生态系统面积占比最高。③划定的张承地区优先保护空间,以49.0%的面积提供了66.3%的水源涵养量,实现了“以小面积提供大服务”的效果,生态系统完整性得到增强。研究显示,利用“面积-服务-格局”方法划定的优先保护空间,既保护了水源涵养服务较高、空间连续性较强的森林、草地、湿地生态系统,又预留了城镇空间,在实践中解决了优先保护空间“划多大”的问题,为权衡国土开发与生态保护的空间竞争关系提供了新途径。展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit(ICU) of a tertiary care of Falmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia.Methods:A cross sectional retrospective study of bacterial pathogen was carried out on a total of 722 patients that were admitted to the ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia during January 2009 to March 2010. All bacteria were identified by standard microbiologic methods,and(heir antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method.Results:Specimens were collected from 385 patients who were given antimicrobial treatment,of which 249(64.68%) were cultured positive and 136(35.32%) were negative.The most predominant isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(26.5%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae)(15.3%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.9%).P.aeruginosa isolates showed high rate of resistance to cephalexin(95.3%),cefotaxime(64.1%),and ceftriaxone(60.9%).Amikacin was the most effective(84.4%) antibiotic against P.aeruginosa followed by imipenem(81.2%),and meropenem(75.0%).K.pneumoniae showed resistance to cephalexin(86.5%),ceftriaxone(75.7%),ceftazidime(73.0%),cefpirome(73.0%) and cefotaxime(67.9%),respectively.Conclusions:Most bacteria isolated from ICU of Fatmawati Hospital Jakarta Indonesia were resistant to the third generation of cephalosporins,and quinolone antibiotics.Regular surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility pallerns is very important for setting orders to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy of infected patients.
文摘Base upon the Diwa theory and the studies of evolution process of geotectonic units, this paper has advanced that there are many replacement patterns of the geotectonic u-nits in their evolution process. There are three replacement patterns (eg. sudden change (nor-mal) pattern, gradual change and progressive pattern) during the platform region substitutes the geosynclinal region and three replacement patterns (eg. normal pattern, surpassive pattern and progressive pattern) when the Diwa region develops from pre-Diwa regions. The knowl-edge of these regularity is of important significance for us to deeply study the evolution of geo-tectonic unit and the development of the crust.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">An intensive care unit (ICU) is a special unit of a hospital that provides intensive treatment for patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries, which require constant care and close monitoring with life support equipment. The mortality rate is still very high in most ICUs especially in the developing countries due to late presentation of patients, unavailability of well trained staff and lack of life support equipment. There has not been any previous study on the mortality pattern in ICU of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AEFUTHA). It is against this background that we embarked on this retrospective descriptive hospital based study of the mortality pattern in ICU of a Tertiary Hospital in Abakaliki, South-eastern Nigeria. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This is a retrospective descriptive hospital based study. The admission and discharge registers of the ICU ward were used to extract information on biodata, diagnosis, duration and outcome of all admissions from January to December 2019 (12</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 174 (male 113, female 71) patients were admitted over the 12</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">months period with mean age of 46.31</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">±</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">12.28</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">years. Seventy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">one (40.8%) of the patients died from predominantly stroke, acute abdomen, trauma, sepsis, renal failure, acute diabetic complications and cancer in descending order. Acute diabetic complications had 100% case fatality rate, followed by stroke (71%), renal failure (62.5%), cancer (60%), sepsis (55.5%), acute abdomen (34%) and trauma (23%). The mean duration of ICU admission was 4.2 days for the non-survivors and 6.3 days for survivors. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The ICU mortality rate was high and constituted of mainly stroke, acute abdomen and trauma which are essentially preventable. Female sex, medical diagnosis and ICU admission duration of less than 6 days were associated with higher ICU mortality.</span></span>
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB933604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51572290)the Fund from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.1731300500015 and XDB07030100)
文摘Large-area patterned films of boron nanowires（BNWs） are fabricated at various densities by chemical vapor deposition（CVD）. Different widths of unit-cell of Mo masks are used as templates. The widths of unit-cell of Mo masks are100 μm, 150 μm, and 200 μm, respectively. The distance between unit cells is 50 μm. The BNWs have an average diameter of about 20 nm and lengths of 10 μm–20 μm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that each nanowire has a β-tetragonal structure with good crystallization. Field emission measurements of the BNW films show that their turn-on electric fields decrease with width of unit-cell increasing.
文摘生态空间的分区比例设定是影响地方政府能否以最小的财政投入来最大化保护重要生态空间的直接因素,恰如其分地划定优先保护空间颇具挑战性。本研究以生态系统面积-服务效益最大化为目标,遵循“空间效率优先、兼顾空间连续性”的分区原则,创建单位面积水源涵养服务贡献率(per-unit-area contribution rate of water conservation services,PCRWCS)用以判定分区阈值,提出基于“面积-服务-格局”的优先保护空间划定方法,并以张家口-承德地区(简称“张承地区”)为例开展了实例应用分析。结果表明:①PCRWCS用以识别优先保护空间的划分阈值,可以定量识别出水源涵养量相对较大的栅格,避免了传统统计分区方法中分级数量、断点识别凭主观判断的弊端以及对生态过程及相互作用机制考虑不足的问题。②PCRWCS≥1的栅格经临近斑块聚合、破碎细小斑块剔除以及边界优化后,在空间上呈集中连片分布状态,范围覆盖了京津城市群主要水源地(密云水库、潘家口水库)的上游汇水区域,其中森林生态系统面积占比最高。③划定的张承地区优先保护空间,以49.0%的面积提供了66.3%的水源涵养量,实现了“以小面积提供大服务”的效果,生态系统完整性得到增强。研究显示,利用“面积-服务-格局”方法划定的优先保护空间,既保护了水源涵养服务较高、空间连续性较强的森林、草地、湿地生态系统,又预留了城镇空间,在实践中解决了优先保护空间“划多大”的问题,为权衡国土开发与生态保护的空间竞争关系提供了新途径。
