Of the 700,000 people in the United States who experience a new or recurrent stroke each year,more than 500,000 survive(American Stroke Association,2007)[1]. Occupational therapy practitioners are critical rehabilitat...Of the 700,000 people in the United States who experience a new or recurrent stroke each year,more than 500,000 survive(American Stroke Association,2007)[1]. Occupational therapy practitioners are critical rehabilitation professionals for stroke survivors.展开更多
The‘human-land relationship’has long been a central topic in geography,ecology,and social sciences.And dynamic monit-oring of the land use/cover change(LUCC)and landscape pattern studies of land use provide essentia...The‘human-land relationship’has long been a central topic in geography,ecology,and social sciences.And dynamic monit-oring of the land use/cover change(LUCC)and landscape pattern studies of land use provide essential theoretical support for this field.On the basis of physicogeographical regionalization and landscape ecology theory,this study proposed a method for characterizing land-scape pattern by using the minmium natural complex as the basic evaluation unit,constructing a four-level classification framework that included natural area,landscape region,landscape subregion,and landscape group.The method was tested in the Songhua River Basin,China,and the results revealed that:(1)the landscape pattern characterization in the Songhua River Basin validated the feasibility of the proposed method,and the use of the minimum natural complex as the basic measurement unit for landscape pattern characterization be-nefited research in this field.(2)The multiscale landscape pattern characterization system,which was framed around natural area,land-scape region,landscape subregion,and landscape group,accurately reflected the spatial heterogeneity of the physical geographic envir-onment and the impact of human activities on the landscape pattern in the Songhua River Basin.The nature-dominated landscape region was mainly concentrated in high-altitude mountainous and hilly areas,the human-dominated landscape region was located on plains and platforms,and the human-land interaction landscape region exhibited a landscape pattern that is closely related to natural factors such as temperature,precipitation,and soil.(3)The proposed method not only revealed the complex interactions between the physical geograph-ic environment and human activities but also provided scientific support for land use planning and ecological environment management.Future research should incorporate higher-resolution data and socioeconomic factors to further explore the dynamic changes in land-scape patterns and their impacts on the regional ecological environment.展开更多
This study set out to gain a deeper understanding of a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coprocessing approach using canola oil mixed with bitumen-derived heavy gas oil(HGO),for the production of partially-renewable gasoli...This study set out to gain a deeper understanding of a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coprocessing approach using canola oil mixed with bitumen-derived heavy gas oil(HGO),for the production of partially-renewable gasoline,with respect to its composition and quality.The FCC coprocessing approach may provide an alternative solution to reducing the carbon footprint and to meet government regulatory demands for renewable transportation fuels.In this study,a mixture of 15 v%canola oil in HGO was catalytically cracked with a commercial equilibrium catalyst under typical FCC conditions.Cracking experiments were performed using a bench-scale Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)unit at a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 8 h^(à1),490–530C,and catalyst/oil ratios of 4–12 g/g.The total liquid product samples were injected via an automatic sampler and a prefractionator(to removet254C)into a gas chromatographic system containing a series of columns,traps,and valves designed to separate each of the hydrocarbon types.The analyzer gives detailed hydrocarbon types of à200C gasoline,classified into paraffins,iso-paraffins,olefins,naphthenes,and aromatics by carbon number up to C_(11)(C_(10)for aromatics).For a feed cracked at a given temperature,the gasoline aromatics show the highest selectivity in terms of weight percent conversion,followed by saturated iso-paraffins,saturated naphthenes,unsaturated iso-paraffins,unsaturated naphthenes,unsaturated normal paraffins,and saturated normal paraffins.As conversion increases,both aromatics and saturated iso-paraffins increase monotonically at the expense of other components.Hydrocarbon type analysis and octane numbers with variation in feed type,process severity(temperature and catalyst/oil ratio),and conversion are also presented and discussed.展开更多
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated...Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated with the LEED New Construction sub-scheme). LEED-CI requires separate empirical analyses of LEED-CI certified buildings to further improve this sub-scheme. Therefore, in this study, Silver and Gold projects certified under LEED-CI-2009 in 14 US states were considered. Three project performance analyses, (i) certification, (ii) category, and (iii) cross-certification, were studied. The following results were revealed: (i) the range of the medians for Silver- and Gold-certified projects were 51-57 pts and 62-71 pts, respectively;(ii) in both Silver- and Gold-certified projects, Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation in Design (ID) were the best-performing;Energy and Atmosphere (EA) and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were intermediate-performing;and Material and Resources (MR) was the worst-performing categories;and (iii) in Silver-Gold cross-certification, category-focused (in 10 of 14 states) and category-unfocused (in four of 14 states) strategies were determined;in the category-focused strategy, the highest popular category was EA;the intermediate popular categories were WE, MR, and ID;and the lowest popular category was SS. Pooling all projects and all states into one frame can lead to the obscurement of the actual LEED-CI-2009 strategy(ies) in the transition from Silver to Gold certification in the US.展开更多
文摘Of the 700,000 people in the United States who experience a new or recurrent stroke each year,more than 500,000 survive(American Stroke Association,2007)[1]. Occupational therapy practitioners are critical rehabilitation professionals for stroke survivors.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program(A)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28080503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071025)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023240)。
文摘The‘human-land relationship’has long been a central topic in geography,ecology,and social sciences.And dynamic monit-oring of the land use/cover change(LUCC)and landscape pattern studies of land use provide essential theoretical support for this field.On the basis of physicogeographical regionalization and landscape ecology theory,this study proposed a method for characterizing land-scape pattern by using the minmium natural complex as the basic evaluation unit,constructing a four-level classification framework that included natural area,landscape region,landscape subregion,and landscape group.The method was tested in the Songhua River Basin,China,and the results revealed that:(1)the landscape pattern characterization in the Songhua River Basin validated the feasibility of the proposed method,and the use of the minimum natural complex as the basic measurement unit for landscape pattern characterization be-nefited research in this field.(2)The multiscale landscape pattern characterization system,which was framed around natural area,land-scape region,landscape subregion,and landscape group,accurately reflected the spatial heterogeneity of the physical geographic envir-onment and the impact of human activities on the landscape pattern in the Songhua River Basin.The nature-dominated landscape region was mainly concentrated in high-altitude mountainous and hilly areas,the human-dominated landscape region was located on plains and platforms,and the human-land interaction landscape region exhibited a landscape pattern that is closely related to natural factors such as temperature,precipitation,and soil.(3)The proposed method not only revealed the complex interactions between the physical geograph-ic environment and human activities but also provided scientific support for land use planning and ecological environment management.Future research should incorporate higher-resolution data and socioeconomic factors to further explore the dynamic changes in land-scape patterns and their impacts on the regional ecological environment.
基金Natural Resources Canada and government of Canada's interdepartmental Program of Energy Research and Development (PERD)
文摘This study set out to gain a deeper understanding of a fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)coprocessing approach using canola oil mixed with bitumen-derived heavy gas oil(HGO),for the production of partially-renewable gasoline,with respect to its composition and quality.The FCC coprocessing approach may provide an alternative solution to reducing the carbon footprint and to meet government regulatory demands for renewable transportation fuels.In this study,a mixture of 15 v%canola oil in HGO was catalytically cracked with a commercial equilibrium catalyst under typical FCC conditions.Cracking experiments were performed using a bench-scale Advanced Cracking Evaluation(ACE)unit at a fixed weight hourly space velocity of 8 h^(à1),490–530C,and catalyst/oil ratios of 4–12 g/g.The total liquid product samples were injected via an automatic sampler and a prefractionator(to removet254C)into a gas chromatographic system containing a series of columns,traps,and valves designed to separate each of the hydrocarbon types.The analyzer gives detailed hydrocarbon types of à200C gasoline,classified into paraffins,iso-paraffins,olefins,naphthenes,and aromatics by carbon number up to C_(11)(C_(10)for aromatics).For a feed cracked at a given temperature,the gasoline aromatics show the highest selectivity in terms of weight percent conversion,followed by saturated iso-paraffins,saturated naphthenes,unsaturated iso-paraffins,unsaturated naphthenes,unsaturated normal paraffins,and saturated normal paraffins.As conversion increases,both aromatics and saturated iso-paraffins increase monotonically at the expense of other components.Hydrocarbon type analysis and octane numbers with variation in feed type,process severity(temperature and catalyst/oil ratio),and conversion are also presented and discussed.
文摘Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Commercial Interiors (LEED-CI) is more relevant to interior design, which, according to the sharing layer concept, differs from exterior design (which is usually evaluated with the LEED New Construction sub-scheme). LEED-CI requires separate empirical analyses of LEED-CI certified buildings to further improve this sub-scheme. Therefore, in this study, Silver and Gold projects certified under LEED-CI-2009 in 14 US states were considered. Three project performance analyses, (i) certification, (ii) category, and (iii) cross-certification, were studied. The following results were revealed: (i) the range of the medians for Silver- and Gold-certified projects were 51-57 pts and 62-71 pts, respectively;(ii) in both Silver- and Gold-certified projects, Sustainable Sites (SS), Water Efficiency (WE), and Innovation in Design (ID) were the best-performing;Energy and Atmosphere (EA) and Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ) were intermediate-performing;and Material and Resources (MR) was the worst-performing categories;and (iii) in Silver-Gold cross-certification, category-focused (in 10 of 14 states) and category-unfocused (in four of 14 states) strategies were determined;in the category-focused strategy, the highest popular category was EA;the intermediate popular categories were WE, MR, and ID;and the lowest popular category was SS. Pooling all projects and all states into one frame can lead to the obscurement of the actual LEED-CI-2009 strategy(ies) in the transition from Silver to Gold certification in the US.
