Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , t...Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , then G is {3,4} - vertex pancyclic unless G≌K n2,n2 .展开更多
Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis...Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has been working fruitfully and effectively to accelerate economic and social development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, therefore making contributions to the protection of the rights and interests of Chinese workers. Now I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject.展开更多
With rising labor disputes over recent years,the role of Chinese trade unions has come to the spotlight of public attention.Based on the latest practices of labor relations in China,this paper employs such methods as ...With rising labor disputes over recent years,the role of Chinese trade unions has come to the spotlight of public attention.Based on the latest practices of labor relations in China,this paper employs such methods as text analysis,treatment effect model and instrumental variable to theoretically and empirically demonstrate the shifting role of trade unions in China.Our findings suggest that:(1)Trade unions have lived up to their mandate of protecting employee interest,and have significantly improved employee benefits.(2)Trade unions are no longer preoccupied with corporate interest as they did in a previous period and have restored their role as labor organizations.(3)With the shifting priority of the Party and government,administrative affiliation may propel the transition of operational and organizational models of trade unions,and contribute to rather than impede the shift in trade union functions.Thus,the Party and government should enhance leadership over trade union organizations to create harmonious labor relations.展开更多
While professional associations connected to higher education such as the American Association of University Professors fought to defend its members against the anti-communism of the 1950s, evidence suggests that teac...While professional associations connected to higher education such as the American Association of University Professors fought to defend its members against the anti-communism of the 1950s, evidence suggests that teachers＇ unions failed in this role. Drawing upon the archival records and publications of the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association, the following paper argues that the ideological inclinations of union leaders hindered their efforts to protect K-12 public school teachers. The attacks on academic freedom rights during the McCarthy era would thus have implications for years to come in regard to the ability of K-12 teachers to exercise their intellectual autonomy.展开更多
Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers is the basic duty given by law to the trade union. It is the political principle and basic experience of trade union work to carry out work independently und...Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers is the basic duty given by law to the trade union. It is the political principle and basic experience of trade union work to carry out work independently under the leadership of the party and in accordance with the law and the articles of association, and must be unswervingly adhered to. The trade union of basic-level communications enterprises should adapt to the new situation, new tasks and new requirements of communications development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and play a greater role in effectively safeguarding the rights and interests of workers and building a harmonious and happy enterprise. Many problems existing in the work of trade unions in enterprises have brought great damage to the legitimate rights and interests of the masses of workers. Therefore, the current work of trade unions in enterprises should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of enterprises.展开更多
During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate...During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.展开更多
Head waiter Liu Hui used to think he would never become a labourer like his neighbour, until recently when the medium-sizedrestaurant in Beijing where Liu works established a union branch and began signing labour cont...Head waiter Liu Hui used to think he would never become a labourer like his neighbour, until recently when the medium-sizedrestaurant in Beijing where Liu works established a union branch and began signing labour contracts with its employees.When he was a school boy in the early 1980s, Liu dreamed of becoming a labourer once he’d grown up.展开更多
According to figures recently released by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, more than 66.74 million Chinese migrant workers, people who come from rural areas and land jobs in cities, became trade union members...According to figures recently released by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, more than 66.74 million Chinese migrant workers, people who come from rural areas and land jobs in cities, became trade union members. The federation estimated there are 210 million migrant workers nationwide with the country＇s rural population of 900 million. The total number of trade union members increased from 123 million in 2003 to 209 million by the end of June 2008, said the federation.展开更多
EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which cons...EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.展开更多
Our story goes back to late April 2006, just before May Day. In Beijing, a local newspaper reported that at a construction site,migrant workers from poor rural villages across China were often given leftovers to eat a...Our story goes back to late April 2006, just before May Day. In Beijing, a local newspaper reported that at a construction site,migrant workers from poor rural villages across China were often given leftovers to eat as their employer tried by every possible means to reduce the cost. The news report instantly aroused public indignation, and Cui Ruilan, a local union leader, felt uneasy about what had happened to those migrant workers she was supposed to protect. She lost no time to intervene in her capacity as vice- chairperson of the Construction Industry Work Committee of the Beijing Municipal Federation of Trade Unions. She went down to the construction site, found the contractor and talked with him. In just a few days migrant workersthere were able to find that their food and accommodation had improved a great deal.展开更多
Various farmer professional cooperative unions( FPCUs) have emerged and flourished along with the development of rural economy in recent years. Compared with the independent cooperatives,the FPCUs can integrate the un...Various farmer professional cooperative unions( FPCUs) have emerged and flourished along with the development of rural economy in recent years. Compared with the independent cooperatives,the FPCUs can integrate the union's structure and have more cooperation in business. In a wider range,it can also let every member of the union exchange the market information efficiently,and adjust the circulation of cash products,share the technology,generate a mechanism to complement each other's advantages and help each other. The basic situation and effects of farmer professional cooperative unions in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province are analyzed in this paper,by selecting Jing Chu Fu Min Agricultural Cooperative Union,Jianli Fu Wa San Feng Farmer Specialized Cooperative Union and Honghu Chun Lu Agricultural Cooperative Union as typical cases. The prominent problems in the agricultural cooperation are analyzed emphatically,and then the corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward.展开更多
This study examines the impact of trade unions on employees’productivity within South Sudan’s public sector,focusing on Juba Municipality.The study adopted a quantitative research methodology underpinned by a positi...This study examines the impact of trade unions on employees’productivity within South Sudan’s public sector,focusing on Juba Municipality.The study adopted a quantitative research methodology underpinned by a positivist philosophy.Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a stratified random sample of employees from unionized and non-unionized employees of the South Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation(SSWTUF)and the Employer Association of South Sudan(EASS).To analyze the relationship,we used both Multiple Linear Regression Model to explore direct relationship and control effect,and Structural Equation Model(SEM)to provide more comprehensive assessment of latent constructs and indirect effects,offering complementary insights into union engagement and productivity dynamics.Consequently,Composite Reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha were used to assess constructs reliability,while Average Variance Extracted(AVE),Convergent and Discriminant validity were applied to test validity.To test the effect of multicollinearity,Variance Inflation Factor(VIF)was also used.The regression analysis findings revealed a robust positive correlation between union involvement and productivity,with unionized employees showing higher performance.Constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability,affirming relevance in assessing the influence of unions on productivity metrics.Key drivers include union-negotiated policies,frequent activities,and strong union leadership.While constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability,demographic measures require refinement.The study recommends strengthening training,communication,and representation within unions,and suggests future longitudinal research with broader demographic considerations.展开更多
Let G be a graph of order n and X V(G). G is called X-cyclable if G has an X-cycle, i.e., a cycle containing all vertices of X. Define the parameters a(X) = max{|S| S is an independent vertex set in G[X] induced by X...Let G be a graph of order n and X V(G). G is called X-cyclable if G has an X-cycle, i.e., a cycle containing all vertices of X. Define the parameters a(X) = max{|S| S is an independent vertex set in G[X] induced by X}, σk(X) = min{∑ki=1dG(x.i| {x1, x1…, xk} is an independent vertex set in G[X]} and NCk(X) = min{|∪ki=1 NG(xi)| | {x1, x2…,xk} is an independent vertex set in G[X] }. Our main result is as follows: If G is a 1-tough graph and X V(G) with σ3(X)≥ n, then for every integer t ≥ 1, G has a cycle C containing at least min{|X|, (2|X| - n + 3δ + 1 - t), |X| + NCt(X) - a(X)} venices of X, where δ(X) = [σ3(X)]. This result further extends previous results in H.J. Broersma et al. in terms of X-cyclability. We also obtain that if G is a 1-tough graph with σ3 (X) ≥ n, then for every integer t ≥ 1, G has a cycle containing at least min{|X|, (4|X|- 2n+4δ(X) + 1 - 2t), NCt (X) +NCt (X)} vertices of X, where NCt (X) = min{|N(I) ∩X|| I is an independent set of t vertices of X}. Analogous results are established for 2-connected graphs.展开更多
Rwanda-China alliance launches youth innovation union,opening doors for African entrepreneurs On a warm afternoon in Kigali,students filled a conference hall at the University of Rwanda,sitting shoulder to shoulder wi...Rwanda-China alliance launches youth innovation union,opening doors for African entrepreneurs On a warm afternoon in Kigali,students filled a conference hall at the University of Rwanda,sitting shoulder to shoulder with lecturers and visitors from China,unsure at first how significant the moment would be.Some came out of curiosity.Others came with hope.By the end of the ceremony,many felt they had witnessed more than the launch of a new academic centre-they had watched a door open.展开更多
In recent years,against the backdrop of profound geopolitical changes,the European Union(EU)has been deeply mired in an industrial predicament,showing signs of shrinking production,capital outflows,relocation of produ...In recent years,against the backdrop of profound geopolitical changes,the European Union(EU)has been deeply mired in an industrial predicament,showing signs of shrinking production,capital outflows,relocation of production capacity,and lagging development in future industries.The primary causes of this situation include the energy supply crisis stemming from the decoupling from Russian energy,the impact of America's unilateral trade policy,structural flaws within the EU itself,and the intensification of global industrial competition.To overcome these challenges,the EU has introduced a series of new industrial policies,aiming at revitalizing its industries by strengthening support for local manufacturing,enhancing protective mechanisms for its domestic production,building diversified supply chains,and prioritizing the development of military industry.However,due to multiple obstacles such as heavy external dependence,significant funding gaps,internal divisions,and strategic short-sightedness,the EU still faces a long and arduous journey in its industrial revival.展开更多
On 8 January,President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the launch ceremony of the 2026 China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges held at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Selected...On 8 January,President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the launch ceremony of the 2026 China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges held at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Selected excerpts follow:The Year of People-to-People Exchanges marks a significant step to further cement public support for China-Africa friendship at a new historical starting point.展开更多
ACFTU aims to build trade unions at all foreign-funded companies in China by the end of 2009 All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) held a press conference on December 24, 2008,reviewing the achievements of the ...ACFTU aims to build trade unions at all foreign-funded companies in China by the end of 2009 All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) held a press conference on December 24, 2008,reviewing the achievements of the national unionization campaign, which began in June the same year, for multinational companies in China.展开更多
AT the 12th National Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions(ACFTU) held in 1988 a large number of women deputies put forward the proposal that women workers commissions be established in trade unions to ...AT the 12th National Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions(ACFTU) held in 1988 a large number of women deputies put forward the proposal that women workers commissions be established in trade unions to strengthen the role of female workers in展开更多
文摘Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , then G is {3,4} - vertex pancyclic unless G≌K n2,n2 .
文摘Protecting the rights and interests of workers and staff members constitutes an important aspect of China＇s human rights protection. At the time when the country is dealing with impacts of the global financial crisis, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions has been working fruitfully and effectively to accelerate economic and social development and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, therefore making contributions to the protection of the rights and interests of Chinese workers. Now I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject.
文摘With rising labor disputes over recent years,the role of Chinese trade unions has come to the spotlight of public attention.Based on the latest practices of labor relations in China,this paper employs such methods as text analysis,treatment effect model and instrumental variable to theoretically and empirically demonstrate the shifting role of trade unions in China.Our findings suggest that:(1)Trade unions have lived up to their mandate of protecting employee interest,and have significantly improved employee benefits.(2)Trade unions are no longer preoccupied with corporate interest as they did in a previous period and have restored their role as labor organizations.(3)With the shifting priority of the Party and government,administrative affiliation may propel the transition of operational and organizational models of trade unions,and contribute to rather than impede the shift in trade union functions.Thus,the Party and government should enhance leadership over trade union organizations to create harmonious labor relations.
文摘While professional associations connected to higher education such as the American Association of University Professors fought to defend its members against the anti-communism of the 1950s, evidence suggests that teachers＇ unions failed in this role. Drawing upon the archival records and publications of the American Federation of Teachers and National Education Association, the following paper argues that the ideological inclinations of union leaders hindered their efforts to protect K-12 public school teachers. The attacks on academic freedom rights during the McCarthy era would thus have implications for years to come in regard to the ability of K-12 teachers to exercise their intellectual autonomy.
文摘Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers is the basic duty given by law to the trade union. It is the political principle and basic experience of trade union work to carry out work independently under the leadership of the party and in accordance with the law and the articles of association, and must be unswervingly adhered to. The trade union of basic-level communications enterprises should adapt to the new situation, new tasks and new requirements of communications development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, and play a greater role in effectively safeguarding the rights and interests of workers and building a harmonious and happy enterprise. Many problems existing in the work of trade unions in enterprises have brought great damage to the legitimate rights and interests of the masses of workers. Therefore, the current work of trade unions in enterprises should be improved in order to promote the healthy development of enterprises.
文摘During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.
文摘Head waiter Liu Hui used to think he would never become a labourer like his neighbour, until recently when the medium-sizedrestaurant in Beijing where Liu works established a union branch and began signing labour contracts with its employees.When he was a school boy in the early 1980s, Liu dreamed of becoming a labourer once he’d grown up.
文摘According to figures recently released by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, more than 66.74 million Chinese migrant workers, people who come from rural areas and land jobs in cities, became trade union members. The federation estimated there are 210 million migrant workers nationwide with the country＇s rural population of 900 million. The total number of trade union members increased from 123 million in 2003 to 209 million by the end of June 2008, said the federation.
文摘EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.
文摘Our story goes back to late April 2006, just before May Day. In Beijing, a local newspaper reported that at a construction site,migrant workers from poor rural villages across China were often given leftovers to eat as their employer tried by every possible means to reduce the cost. The news report instantly aroused public indignation, and Cui Ruilan, a local union leader, felt uneasy about what had happened to those migrant workers she was supposed to protect. She lost no time to intervene in her capacity as vice- chairperson of the Construction Industry Work Committee of the Beijing Municipal Federation of Trade Unions. She went down to the construction site, found the contractor and talked with him. In just a few days migrant workersthere were able to find that their food and accommodation had improved a great deal.
基金Supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"Research on the Agricultural Co-efficiency of Farmer Professional Cooperative Union"(71473277)"Research on the Scale Economic Benefit of Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperatives and Its Management Mode Innovation"(71373069)
文摘Various farmer professional cooperative unions( FPCUs) have emerged and flourished along with the development of rural economy in recent years. Compared with the independent cooperatives,the FPCUs can integrate the union's structure and have more cooperation in business. In a wider range,it can also let every member of the union exchange the market information efficiently,and adjust the circulation of cash products,share the technology,generate a mechanism to complement each other's advantages and help each other. The basic situation and effects of farmer professional cooperative unions in Jingzhou City of Hubei Province are analyzed in this paper,by selecting Jing Chu Fu Min Agricultural Cooperative Union,Jianli Fu Wa San Feng Farmer Specialized Cooperative Union and Honghu Chun Lu Agricultural Cooperative Union as typical cases. The prominent problems in the agricultural cooperation are analyzed emphatically,and then the corresponding measures and suggestions are put forward.
文摘This study examines the impact of trade unions on employees’productivity within South Sudan’s public sector,focusing on Juba Municipality.The study adopted a quantitative research methodology underpinned by a positivist philosophy.Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to a stratified random sample of employees from unionized and non-unionized employees of the South Sudan Workers Trade Union Federation(SSWTUF)and the Employer Association of South Sudan(EASS).To analyze the relationship,we used both Multiple Linear Regression Model to explore direct relationship and control effect,and Structural Equation Model(SEM)to provide more comprehensive assessment of latent constructs and indirect effects,offering complementary insights into union engagement and productivity dynamics.Consequently,Composite Reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha were used to assess constructs reliability,while Average Variance Extracted(AVE),Convergent and Discriminant validity were applied to test validity.To test the effect of multicollinearity,Variance Inflation Factor(VIF)was also used.The regression analysis findings revealed a robust positive correlation between union involvement and productivity,with unionized employees showing higher performance.Constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability,affirming relevance in assessing the influence of unions on productivity metrics.Key drivers include union-negotiated policies,frequent activities,and strong union leadership.While constructs exhibited strong validity and reliability,demographic measures require refinement.The study recommends strengthening training,communication,and representation within unions,and suggests future longitudinal research with broader demographic considerations.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province.
文摘Let G be a graph of order n and X V(G). G is called X-cyclable if G has an X-cycle, i.e., a cycle containing all vertices of X. Define the parameters a(X) = max{|S| S is an independent vertex set in G[X] induced by X}, σk(X) = min{∑ki=1dG(x.i| {x1, x1…, xk} is an independent vertex set in G[X]} and NCk(X) = min{|∪ki=1 NG(xi)| | {x1, x2…,xk} is an independent vertex set in G[X] }. Our main result is as follows: If G is a 1-tough graph and X V(G) with σ3(X)≥ n, then for every integer t ≥ 1, G has a cycle C containing at least min{|X|, (2|X| - n + 3δ + 1 - t), |X| + NCt(X) - a(X)} venices of X, where δ(X) = [σ3(X)]. This result further extends previous results in H.J. Broersma et al. in terms of X-cyclability. We also obtain that if G is a 1-tough graph with σ3 (X) ≥ n, then for every integer t ≥ 1, G has a cycle containing at least min{|X|, (4|X|- 2n+4δ(X) + 1 - 2t), NCt (X) +NCt (X)} vertices of X, where NCt (X) = min{|N(I) ∩X|| I is an independent set of t vertices of X}. Analogous results are established for 2-connected graphs.
文摘Rwanda-China alliance launches youth innovation union,opening doors for African entrepreneurs On a warm afternoon in Kigali,students filled a conference hall at the University of Rwanda,sitting shoulder to shoulder with lecturers and visitors from China,unsure at first how significant the moment would be.Some came out of curiosity.Others came with hope.By the end of the ceremony,many felt they had witnessed more than the launch of a new academic centre-they had watched a door open.
文摘In recent years,against the backdrop of profound geopolitical changes,the European Union(EU)has been deeply mired in an industrial predicament,showing signs of shrinking production,capital outflows,relocation of production capacity,and lagging development in future industries.The primary causes of this situation include the energy supply crisis stemming from the decoupling from Russian energy,the impact of America's unilateral trade policy,structural flaws within the EU itself,and the intensification of global industrial competition.To overcome these challenges,the EU has introduced a series of new industrial policies,aiming at revitalizing its industries by strengthening support for local manufacturing,enhancing protective mechanisms for its domestic production,building diversified supply chains,and prioritizing the development of military industry.However,due to multiple obstacles such as heavy external dependence,significant funding gaps,internal divisions,and strategic short-sightedness,the EU still faces a long and arduous journey in its industrial revival.
文摘On 8 January,President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the launch ceremony of the 2026 China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges held at the African Union headquarters in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia.Selected excerpts follow:The Year of People-to-People Exchanges marks a significant step to further cement public support for China-Africa friendship at a new historical starting point.
文摘ACFTU aims to build trade unions at all foreign-funded companies in China by the end of 2009 All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) held a press conference on December 24, 2008,reviewing the achievements of the national unionization campaign, which began in June the same year, for multinational companies in China.
文摘AT the 12th National Congress of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions(ACFTU) held in 1988 a large number of women deputies put forward the proposal that women workers commissions be established in trade unions to strengthen the role of female workers in
