The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environme...The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.展开更多
This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archiv...This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
传统的图像聚类方法存在对初始数据敏感且计算复杂度高的问题,且图像全局特征难以有效地表达图像内容。针对这些问题,提出一种基于Union-Find的图像聚类方法。首先,该方法采用视觉词袋模型Bo VWM(Bag of Visual Words Model)来描述图像...传统的图像聚类方法存在对初始数据敏感且计算复杂度高的问题,且图像全局特征难以有效地表达图像内容。针对这些问题,提出一种基于Union-Find的图像聚类方法。首先,该方法采用视觉词袋模型Bo VWM(Bag of Visual Words Model)来描述图像内容并且利用投票方法来计算每对图像的相似度得分;然后,对于相似度得分大于给定阈值的图像对进行union和find两个操作并将相连的分量形成聚类结果。实验结果表明,该方法较之于传统方法能较好地改善图像聚类效果,且不需要初始聚类数目作为先验参数。展开更多
Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , t...Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , then G is {3,4} - vertex pancyclic unless G≌K n2,n2 .展开更多
Let G be a graph, the square graph G 2 of G is a graph satisfying V(G 2)=V(G) and E(G 2)=E(G)∪｛uv: dist G(u, v)=2｝ . In this paper, we use the technique of vertex insertion on l -connected ( l=k or k...Let G be a graph, the square graph G 2 of G is a graph satisfying V(G 2)=V(G) and E(G 2)=E(G)∪｛uv: dist G(u, v)=2｝ . In this paper, we use the technique of vertex insertion on l -connected ( l=k or k+1, k≥2 ) claw-free graphs to provide a unified proof for G to be Hamiltonian, 1 -Hamiltonian or Hamiltonian-connected. The sufficient conditions are expressed by the inequality concerning ∑ k i=0N(Y i) and n(Y) in G for each independent set Y=｛y 0, y 1, …, y k｝ of the square graph of G , where b ( 0<b<k+1 ) is an integer, Y i=｛y i, y i-1, …, y i-(b-1)｝Y for i∈｛0, 1, …, k｝ , where subscriptions of y j s will be taken modulo k+1 , and n(Y)=｛v∈ V(G): dist (v, Y)≤ 2｝ .展开更多
Let G be a graph, an independent set Y in G is called an essential independent set (or essential set for simplicity), if there is {y 1,y 2} Y such that dist (y 1,y 2)=2. In this paper, we wi...Let G be a graph, an independent set Y in G is called an essential independent set (or essential set for simplicity), if there is {y 1,y 2} Y such that dist (y 1,y 2)=2. In this paper, we will use the technique of the vertex insertion on l connected ( l=k or k+1,k≥2 ) claw free graphs to provide a unified proof for G to be hamiltonian or 1 hamiltonian, the sufficient conditions are expressed by the inequality concerning ∑ki=0N(Y i) and n(Y) for each essential set Y={y 0,y 1,...,y k} of G , where Y i={y i,y i-1 ,...,y i-(b-1) }Y for i∈{0,1,...,k} (the subscriptions of y j ’s will be taken modulo k+1 ), b ( 0【b【k+1 ) is an integer, and n(Y)={v∈V(G): dist (v,Y)≤2 }.展开更多
After entering to the Europe Union, Slovak Republic has implemented the EU legislation into the legislation of the Slovak Republic. The previous legislation of this country was effective in practice. So we were intere...After entering to the Europe Union, Slovak Republic has implemented the EU legislation into the legislation of the Slovak Republic. The previous legislation of this country was effective in practice. So we were interested in, whether actual legislation is effective in practice too as previous or it will be necessary to make some changes in the legislation. This led us to carry out the assessment of welfare by farmed animal, specifically by calves. Our assessment was based on the Bristol Welfare Assurance Programme protocol developed at the University of Bristol. Very good results were achieved by assessment, and it shows about good level of legislation in the area of protection of animals, it has conditions and requirements, which will not require big changes and the breeder can ensure without bigger problems so to ensure to animals their five freedoms originally established by the Brambell Committee in 1965： （1） Freedom from hunger and thirst; （2） Freedom from discomfort; （3） Freedom fi＇om pain, injury or disease; （4） Freedom to express normal behaviour; （5） Freedom from fear and distress.展开更多
文摘The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.
文摘This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.
文摘传统的图像聚类方法存在对初始数据敏感且计算复杂度高的问题,且图像全局特征难以有效地表达图像内容。针对这些问题,提出一种基于Union-Find的图像聚类方法。首先,该方法采用视觉词袋模型Bo VWM(Bag of Visual Words Model)来描述图像内容并且利用投票方法来计算每对图像的相似度得分;然后,对于相似度得分大于给定阈值的图像对进行union和find两个操作并将相连的分量形成聚类结果。实验结果表明,该方法较之于传统方法能较好地改善图像聚类效果,且不需要初始聚类数目作为先验参数。
文摘Let G be a 2 connected simple graph of order n ( n ≥5) and minimum degree δ . In this paper, we show that if for any two nonadjacent vertices u , v of G there holds | N(u)∪N(v)|≥n-δ , then G is {3,4} - vertex pancyclic unless G≌K n2,n2 .
文摘Let G be a graph, the square graph G 2 of G is a graph satisfying V(G 2)=V(G) and E(G 2)=E(G)∪｛uv: dist G(u, v)=2｝ . In this paper, we use the technique of vertex insertion on l -connected ( l=k or k+1, k≥2 ) claw-free graphs to provide a unified proof for G to be Hamiltonian, 1 -Hamiltonian or Hamiltonian-connected. The sufficient conditions are expressed by the inequality concerning ∑ k i=0N(Y i) and n(Y) in G for each independent set Y=｛y 0, y 1, …, y k｝ of the square graph of G , where b ( 0<b<k+1 ) is an integer, Y i=｛y i, y i-1, …, y i-(b-1)｝Y for i∈｛0, 1, …, k｝ , where subscriptions of y j s will be taken modulo k+1 , and n(Y)=｛v∈ V(G): dist (v, Y)≤ 2｝ .
文摘Let G be a graph, an independent set Y in G is called an essential independent set (or essential set for simplicity), if there is {y 1,y 2} Y such that dist (y 1,y 2)=2. In this paper, we will use the technique of the vertex insertion on l connected ( l=k or k+1,k≥2 ) claw free graphs to provide a unified proof for G to be hamiltonian or 1 hamiltonian, the sufficient conditions are expressed by the inequality concerning ∑ki=0N(Y i) and n(Y) for each essential set Y={y 0,y 1,...,y k} of G , where Y i={y i,y i-1 ,...,y i-(b-1) }Y for i∈{0,1,...,k} (the subscriptions of y j ’s will be taken modulo k+1 ), b ( 0【b【k+1 ) is an integer, and n(Y)={v∈V(G): dist (v,Y)≤2 }.
文摘After entering to the Europe Union, Slovak Republic has implemented the EU legislation into the legislation of the Slovak Republic. The previous legislation of this country was effective in practice. So we were interested in, whether actual legislation is effective in practice too as previous or it will be necessary to make some changes in the legislation. This led us to carry out the assessment of welfare by farmed animal, specifically by calves. Our assessment was based on the Bristol Welfare Assurance Programme protocol developed at the University of Bristol. Very good results were achieved by assessment, and it shows about good level of legislation in the area of protection of animals, it has conditions and requirements, which will not require big changes and the breeder can ensure without bigger problems so to ensure to animals their five freedoms originally established by the Brambell Committee in 1965： （1） Freedom from hunger and thirst; （2） Freedom from discomfort; （3） Freedom fi＇om pain, injury or disease; （4） Freedom to express normal behaviour; （5） Freedom from fear and distress.
