Climate change poses a severe and urgent threat to human rights,with small island states bearing a disproportionate share of this adverse impact.Although the international community is addressing this issue through th...Climate change poses a severe and urgent threat to human rights,with small island states bearing a disproportionate share of this adverse impact.Although the international community is addressing this issue through the dual pathways of climate change law and human rights law,the effectiveness remains relatively limited,leaving the human rights of climate migrants in a predicament of lacking adequate protection.The Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty reached between Australia and Tuvalu at the end of 2023 represents the latest practical development in this field.The emergence of the Treaty has promoted further interaction and integration between the two systems of climate change law and human rights law,filling the gap in international law regarding the protection of human rights of climate migrants to a certain extent.However,while the provisions in the Treaty that cede sovereign rights in exchange for human rights protection possess a certain degree of legality,they run counter to climate justice and lack a foundation of legitimacy.In essence,such provisions not only do not contribute to the improvement of international rule of law but also exacerbate the conflicting relationship between human rights protection and sovereign independence.The geopolitical considerations reflected in the Treaty may push the protection of human rights of climate migrants toward becoming a security issue with political attributes,thereby affecting the geopolitical pattern of the Pacific region and hindering cooperation between China and small island states in relevant fields.China should assess the possible development trends and potential impacts of the Treaty,promote the coordinated governance of the human rights law and climate change law systems under the guidance of a holistic and systematic perspective,carry out targeted cooperation with small island states on the basis of respecting sovereignty,and build China’s independent system for protecting the human rights of climate migrants.展开更多
The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environme...The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.展开更多
This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archiv...This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
[研究目的]量子科技作为一种具有颠覆性的前沿技术,未来可能完全改变军事国防和社会经济建设。欧盟(European Union,EU)于2025年7月出台的《量子欧洲战略:变化世界中的量子欧洲》(Quantum Europe Strategy:Quantum Europe in a Changing...[研究目的]量子科技作为一种具有颠覆性的前沿技术,未来可能完全改变军事国防和社会经济建设。欧盟(European Union,EU)于2025年7月出台的《量子欧洲战略:变化世界中的量子欧洲》(Quantum Europe Strategy:Quantum Europe in a Changing World)是其在全球量子竞争格局中力争上游的关键举措。本研究聚焦欧盟量子体系设计对中国量子技术产业化发展的启示。[研究方法]梳理政策内容和实施路径,分析战略目标和编制思路,并运用SWOT分析法深入剖析欧洲量子科技的内部优劣势与外部机遇挑战,以世界重要科技创新主体的前沿政策动态为基础,从顶层规划、应用领域、产业生态和人才培养等方面为中国量子技术及产业发展提出建议。[研究结论]《量子欧洲战略:变化世界中的量子欧洲》涵盖研发创新、基础设施、产业生态、国防安全与人才培养五大领域。其核心特点在于:一方面,以“技术生命周期管理方法”将上述领域整合为协同迭代的创新链;另一方面,这种系统工程思维也凸显了其强烈的危机驱动导向。中国应借鉴欧盟经验,致力于构建持之以恒且迭代优化的顶层战略,采用动态平衡的短期突破与长远布局策略,打造涵盖供应链安全与多元资本的全链条产业生态,并建立以能力认证为核心的人才培养体系,以夯实我国量子科技发展的系统性基础。展开更多
鱼群多目标准确计数是水生态智能监测和集约化养殖产业中的重要环节,对水域生态环境智能保护和水产养殖现代化具有重要作用。现有鱼群多目标准确追踪和计数方法主要适用于鱼群外观清晰、游速缓慢和方向稳定等较理想的情况,难以有效适用...鱼群多目标准确计数是水生态智能监测和集约化养殖产业中的重要环节,对水域生态环境智能保护和水产养殖现代化具有重要作用。现有鱼群多目标准确追踪和计数方法主要适用于鱼群外观清晰、游速缓慢和方向稳定等较理想的情况,难以有效适用于现实情况下存在的鱼群互相遮挡、游动迅速和方向多变等复杂情况。为此,结合轻量化目标检测模型YOLOv5n,提出基于水平相似度匹配机制的鱼群追踪与计数方法。将鱼群计数问题视为多目标检测与追踪问题,设计水平相似度匹配机制,并对SORT(Simple Online and Realtime Tracking)算法进行优化。通过高速水流中鱼群个体在帧与帧之间的位置关系对检测框中心点的水平距离进行限制,以有效解决SORT算法存在的目标匹配混乱问题,显著提高追踪效果。实验结果表明,所提方法在鱼群多目标追踪数据集上的性能显著优于现有追踪方法,对目标遮挡、方向变化等情况目标追踪性能提升显著,并且该方法结构简单,易于实际应用。展开更多
基金project of the National Social Science Fund of China,“Research on the Coordination of Domestic Rule of Law and Foreign-related Rule of Law in Global Environmental Governance”(Project Approval Number 23&ZD166)is funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for Universities.
文摘Climate change poses a severe and urgent threat to human rights,with small island states bearing a disproportionate share of this adverse impact.Although the international community is addressing this issue through the dual pathways of climate change law and human rights law,the effectiveness remains relatively limited,leaving the human rights of climate migrants in a predicament of lacking adequate protection.The Australia-Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty reached between Australia and Tuvalu at the end of 2023 represents the latest practical development in this field.The emergence of the Treaty has promoted further interaction and integration between the two systems of climate change law and human rights law,filling the gap in international law regarding the protection of human rights of climate migrants to a certain extent.However,while the provisions in the Treaty that cede sovereign rights in exchange for human rights protection possess a certain degree of legality,they run counter to climate justice and lack a foundation of legitimacy.In essence,such provisions not only do not contribute to the improvement of international rule of law but also exacerbate the conflicting relationship between human rights protection and sovereign independence.The geopolitical considerations reflected in the Treaty may push the protection of human rights of climate migrants toward becoming a security issue with political attributes,thereby affecting the geopolitical pattern of the Pacific region and hindering cooperation between China and small island states in relevant fields.China should assess the possible development trends and potential impacts of the Treaty,promote the coordinated governance of the human rights law and climate change law systems under the guidance of a holistic and systematic perspective,carry out targeted cooperation with small island states on the basis of respecting sovereignty,and build China’s independent system for protecting the human rights of climate migrants.
文摘The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.
文摘This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.
文摘[研究目的]量子科技作为一种具有颠覆性的前沿技术,未来可能完全改变军事国防和社会经济建设。欧盟(European Union,EU)于2025年7月出台的《量子欧洲战略:变化世界中的量子欧洲》(Quantum Europe Strategy:Quantum Europe in a Changing World)是其在全球量子竞争格局中力争上游的关键举措。本研究聚焦欧盟量子体系设计对中国量子技术产业化发展的启示。[研究方法]梳理政策内容和实施路径,分析战略目标和编制思路,并运用SWOT分析法深入剖析欧洲量子科技的内部优劣势与外部机遇挑战,以世界重要科技创新主体的前沿政策动态为基础,从顶层规划、应用领域、产业生态和人才培养等方面为中国量子技术及产业发展提出建议。[研究结论]《量子欧洲战略:变化世界中的量子欧洲》涵盖研发创新、基础设施、产业生态、国防安全与人才培养五大领域。其核心特点在于:一方面,以“技术生命周期管理方法”将上述领域整合为协同迭代的创新链;另一方面,这种系统工程思维也凸显了其强烈的危机驱动导向。中国应借鉴欧盟经验,致力于构建持之以恒且迭代优化的顶层战略,采用动态平衡的短期突破与长远布局策略,打造涵盖供应链安全与多元资本的全链条产业生态,并建立以能力认证为核心的人才培养体系,以夯实我国量子科技发展的系统性基础。
文摘鱼群多目标准确计数是水生态智能监测和集约化养殖产业中的重要环节,对水域生态环境智能保护和水产养殖现代化具有重要作用。现有鱼群多目标准确追踪和计数方法主要适用于鱼群外观清晰、游速缓慢和方向稳定等较理想的情况,难以有效适用于现实情况下存在的鱼群互相遮挡、游动迅速和方向多变等复杂情况。为此,结合轻量化目标检测模型YOLOv5n,提出基于水平相似度匹配机制的鱼群追踪与计数方法。将鱼群计数问题视为多目标检测与追踪问题,设计水平相似度匹配机制,并对SORT(Simple Online and Realtime Tracking)算法进行优化。通过高速水流中鱼群个体在帧与帧之间的位置关系对检测框中心点的水平距离进行限制,以有效解决SORT算法存在的目标匹配混乱问题,显著提高追踪效果。实验结果表明,所提方法在鱼群多目标追踪数据集上的性能显著优于现有追踪方法,对目标遮挡、方向变化等情况目标追踪性能提升显著,并且该方法结构简单,易于实际应用。
