Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial...Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial.Despite significant advancements,a gap remains in the literature,as no comprehensive review systematically addresses the high-precision construction of SERS substrates for ultrasensitive biomedical detection.This review fills that gap by exploring recent progress in fabricating high-precision SERS substrates,emphasizing their role in enabling ultrasensitive bio-medical sensors.We carefully examine the key to these advancements is the precision engineering of substrates,including noble metals,semiconductors,carbon-based materials,and two-dimensional materials,which is essential for achieving the high sensitivity required for ultrasensitive detection.Applications in biomedical diagnostics and molecular analysis are highlighted.Finally,we address the challenges in SERS substrate preparation and outline future directions,focusing on improvement strategies,design concepts,and expanding applications for these advanced materials.展开更多
Phase singularities(PSs)in topological darkness-based sensors have received significant attention in optical sensing due to their rapid,ultra-sensitive,and label-free detection capabilities.Here,we present both experi...Phase singularities(PSs)in topological darkness-based sensors have received significant attention in optical sensing due to their rapid,ultra-sensitive,and label-free detection capabilities.Here,we present both experimental and theoretical investigations of an ultrasensitive and multiplexed phase-sensitive sensor utilizing dual topological PSs in the visible and near-infrared regions.This sensor uses a simple structure,which consists of an ultra-thin highly absorbing film deposited on a metal substrate.We demonstrate the achievement of dual-polarization darkness points for s-and p-polarizations at different incident angles.Furthermore,we theoretically explain the double topological PSs accompanied by a perfect±π-jump near a zero-reflection point,based on the temporal coupled-mode formalism.To validate its multifunctional capabilities,humidity sensing tests were carried out.The results demonstrate that the sensor has a detection limit reaching the level of 0.12‰.These findings go beyond the scope of conventional interference optical coatings and highlight the potential applications of this technology in gas sensing and biosensing domains.展开更多
Urothelial carcinoma(UC)is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system with high recurrence rate and low survival rate 5 years after surgery.At present,imaging examination and other diagnostic methods have some sho...Urothelial carcinoma(UC)is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system with high recurrence rate and low survival rate 5 years after surgery.At present,imaging examination and other diagnostic methods have some shortcomings such as invasiveness and non-specificity.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a simple,rapid,noninvasive,highly sensitive and highly specific strategy to diagnose UC.Herein,a high-performance fluorescence sensor was constructed by the plasmonic gold nanorods(AuNRs)-enhanced near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence of silver sulfide quantum dots(Ag_(2)S QDs).The designed sensor can be used for the fast and accurate detection of small molecule single-transmembrane protein(FXYD3),which is overexpressed in 90%of ureteral cancers and 84%of high-grade bladder cancers.Due to its high specificity,the NIR fluorescence sensor achieves the detection of FXYD3 in the range of 0.25-150 ng·ml^(-1)with a detection limit of 0.2 ng·ml^(-1).Importantly,it also can be used for accurate diagnosis of FXYD3 in the urine of patients with relevant cancers,and the results are consistent with clinical cystoscopy and pathological analysis.The proposed fluorescence sensor provides a simple,ultrasensitive,reliable method for UC screening,tumor-grade classification and postoperative monitoring and will have great potential for clinical applications.展开更多
In this manuscript,we first report an ultrasensitive detection assay of microRNA by combing asymmetric polymerase chain reaction(A-PCR)and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)technology.Using A-PCR obtained an...In this manuscript,we first report an ultrasensitive detection assay of microRNA by combing asymmetric polymerase chain reaction(A-PCR)and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)technology.Using A-PCR obtained an extended single strand to form LAMP stem-loop structure under isothermal amplification conditions.We used miRNAs as a loop primer probe in LAMP reaction and completed its ultrasensitive and rapid detection.The established method furnished a fast,specific and efficient detection of target miRNA with a detection limit as low as 10 amol/L in 90 min.展开更多
Two-dimensional covalent organic framework(COF)has distinctive properties that offer potential opportunities for developing advanced electrode materials.In this work,a core-shell material composed of TAPB-DMTP-COF(TAP...Two-dimensional covalent organic framework(COF)has distinctive properties that offer potential opportunities for developing advanced electrode materials.In this work,a core-shell material composed of TAPB-DMTP-COF(TAPB,1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene;DMTP,2,5-dimethoxyterephaldehyde)core and conducting polymer shell,TAPB-DMTP-COF@PANI,was synthesized solvothermally using a polymerization method.The structural cha racteristics of the prepared composite were revealed by X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD),fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The electrochemical analyses were verified by subsequent monitoring of trace levels of acetaminophen.This resultant composite not only facilitated acetaminophen to interact with absorption sites byπ-πstacking effect and hydrogen bonding but also overcame the poor conductivity of COF.Under the optimal conditions,a low limit of detection of 0.032μmol/L and wide linear range of 0.10-500μmol/L were obtained.The electrochemical platform was almost unaffected by other interfering substances,and successfully applied for the practical detection of acetaminophen in commercial tablet,human blood serum and urine.The enhanced performance makes this COF based core-shell composite a promising material in electrochemical senso r.展开更多
Rapid and accurate detection of immunoglobulin E(Ig E) in serum and reduction of serum dosage are of great significance for clinical detection. Herein, we described a rapid magnetic separation of Ig E from patient ser...Rapid and accurate detection of immunoglobulin E(Ig E) in serum and reduction of serum dosage are of great significance for clinical detection. Herein, we described a rapid magnetic separation of Ig E from patient serum based on Fe3 O4@Si O2-NTA@026 sdab as the capture probe and multiple horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-labeled antibodies linked gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) as chemiluminescence(CL) signal amplifier for ultrasensitive detection of total Ig E. Results showed that the limit of detection of our immunosensor system in serum samples was 0.03 k U/L, which is lowest in comparison with current methods, and far lower than that of Immuno CAP for Ig E detection(0.1 k U/L). Furthermore, our immunosensor possessed satisfied repeatability and accuracy, as well as good stability. In comparison with the Immuno CAP for the quantitative detection of Ig E, highly consistent results were achieved in 20 serum samples. Specially, this method was also successfully utilized for assessing the Ig E traces in breast cancer patients,which provides a new idea for the diagnosis of early cancer. Therefore, we believe that such versatile immunosensor will offer an alternative method for the on-site monitoring and determination of various Ig E-related diseases.展开更多
An ultrasensitive detection and effective removal material was successfully developed by using a pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymer gel(MTP5?HB).The MTP5?HB can ultrasensitively recognize Cu^2+and Fe^3+,and t...An ultrasensitive detection and effective removal material was successfully developed by using a pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymer gel(MTP5?HB).The MTP5?HB can ultrasensitively recognize Cu^2+and Fe^3+,and the limits of detection(LODs)for Cu^2+and Fe^3+are 1.55 and 2.68 nmol/L,respectively.Additionally,the in-situ generated metallogel MTP5?HB-Cu can exclusively detect CN,and the LOD for CN is 1.13 nmol/L.Noticeably,the xerogel of MTP5?HB-Cu can effectively remove CN from aqueous solution with 94.40%removal rate.Test kit based on MTP5?HB-Cu is also prepared for convenient detection of CN.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery ...Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.展开更多
Sensitivity and accuracy are key indicators for analysis,while the signal self-on/off effect is an effective means to enhance detection sensitivity.Herein,we have utilized the multiple signal amplification strategy of...Sensitivity and accuracy are key indicators for analysis,while the signal self-on/off effect is an effective means to enhance detection sensitivity.Herein,we have utilized the multiple signal amplification strategy of porous Ag/Au shell with high efficiency catalytic functionality and an aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)elimination effect firstly.The wrapping of the Ag/Au shell eliminated the ACQ effect of rubrene(Rub),and Ag can catalyze the decomposition of the coreactant K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)and lead to the formation of more SO_(4)^(•−)radicals,thereby improving its electrochemiluminescence(ECL)efficiency,which promoted the application of aromatic rings as luminescence probes.Secondly,a mesoporous Fe–MOF with strong catalytic activity for the coreactants(K_(2)S_(2)O_(8))was selected as a controlled release carrier to further improve the output signals of the sensor.Thirdly,the coreactants were encapsulated as functional factors,realizing controllable changes in output signals from scratch with the introduction of targets.These strategies maximize the self-on effect to more clearly display subtle changes in the concentration of the analyte,prostate-specific antigen(PSA).On this basis,the developed ECL sensor exhibited good sensitivity and accuracy for PSA detection,with a detection limit of 5.01 fg mL^(-1),which provided an important basis for constructing efficient biosensors to better meet immunoassay needs.展开更多
Aflatoxins as the world’s most toxic contamination is metabolized by Aspergillus flavus and its production is closely related to aflatoxin-producing genes.It is significant to monitor the aflatoxin-producing genes as...Aflatoxins as the world’s most toxic contamination is metabolized by Aspergillus flavus and its production is closely related to aflatoxin-producing genes.It is significant to monitor the aflatoxin-producing genes as early as possible to prevent the contamination and spread of aflatoxins.Therefore,a label-free and free separation fluorescent biosensor using the selective cation exchange reaction in conjunction with the signal amplification of catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA)was developed for the detection of aflatoxin-producing gene utilizing CdTe quantum dots(CdTe QDs)and Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots(NCQDs)as the beacon molecule.There were two types of hairpin structures in this sensing system,hairpin probe 1(HP1)was generated by Ag^(+)and the recognition probe with the complex C-Ag^(+)-C structure and hairpin probe 2(HP2)was the DNA fragments showing a hairpin arrangement.Target nor-1 gene may activate the CHA,which created a significant quantity of HP1-HP2 double-stranded DNAand recycled the target nor-1 gene.The released amounts of Ag^(+)suppressed the fluorescence signal of CdTe QDs,while it wasn’t observed the discernible effect on NCQDs.This fluorescent biosensor displayed the excellent sensitivity for aflatoxin-producing nor-1 gene in a dynamic range of 5 pM-50 nM with a detection limit of 1.66 pM.This fabricated sensor also showed the visible distinguish for different concentrations of nor-1 gene.It exhibited the potential to offer vital enhancements for food quality control through a simple,fast and sensitive monitoring test system.展开更多
Circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy,widely used for chiral sensing,has been limited by the detection sensitivity.Enhancing optical chirality in the light fields interacting with chiral molecules is crucial for achievin...Circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy,widely used for chiral sensing,has been limited by the detection sensitivity.Enhancing optical chirality in the light fields interacting with chiral molecules is crucial for achieving ultrasensitive chiral detection.Here,we present a new paradigm for ultrasensitive chiral detection by creating accessible chiral hotspots using a toroidal dipole Fabry–Perot bound state in the continuum(TD FP-BIC)metasurface.BIC resonance is achieved by controlling the coupling between the TD resonance and its multilayer reflector-induced perfect mirror image.This method enables unprecedented local maximum and average optical chirality enhancements of up to 6×10^(4)-fold and 2×10^(3)-fold,respectively,within non-structured regions,resulting in an 866-fold increase in CD signals compared to chiral molecules alone without nanostructures.Our results pave the way for enhanced light–matter interactions and ultrasensitive enantiomeric operation.展开更多
Heat exhaustion is a prevalent heat-related illness among firefighters,posing a severe threat to life without timely intervention.However,current firefighter garments are limited by their singular functionality and ca...Heat exhaustion is a prevalent heat-related illness among firefighters,posing a severe threat to life without timely intervention.However,current firefighter garments are limited by their singular functionality and cannot collect or analyze body fluid during rescue missions.Here,we introduce a wetting gradient effect assisted ultrasensitive meta-garment that incorporates multi-signal biomonitoring,offering an early warning system for heat exhaustion risk.This design enables real-time detection of heart rate,pH value,and the concentrations of glucose,sodium,and potassium in sweat.Benefiting from the surface energy difference,gradient wettability surfaces can be formed,allowing for precise point-to-point fluid control and regulation.Thus,the biosensing fibers require the lowest detection volume(0.1μL)and fastest response time(1.4 s)reported to date.This innovative garment provides a practical solution for early health warning based on abnormal multi-biomarker changes,representing a significant advancement in firefighter safety.展开更多
Advanced sensing devices based on metasurfaces have emerged as a revolutionary platform for innovative label-free biosensors,holding promise for early diagnostics and the detection of low-concentration analytes.Here,w...Advanced sensing devices based on metasurfaces have emerged as a revolutionary platform for innovative label-free biosensors,holding promise for early diagnostics and the detection of low-concentration analytes.Here,we developed a chip-based ultrasensitive terahertz(THz)metasensor,leveraging a quasi-bound state in the continuum(q-BIC)to address the challenges associated with intricate operations in trace biochemical detection.The metasensor design features an open-ring resonator metasurface,which supports magnetic dipole q-BIC combining functionalized gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)bound with a specific antibody.The substantial enhancement in THz–analyte interactions,facilitated by the potent near-field enhancement enabled by the q-BICs,results in a substantial boost in biosensor sensitivity by up to 560 GHz/refractive index units.This methodology allows for the detection of conjugated antibody–AuNPs for cardiac troponin I at concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/ml.These discoveries deliver valuable insight for AuNP-based trace biomolecule sensing and pave the path for the development of chip-scale biosensors with profound light–matter interactions.展开更多
The ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)remains challenging for therapeutic evaluation and management of prostate cancer,particularly in monitoring post-prostatectomy recurrence.Current immunoass...The ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)remains challenging for therapeutic evaluation and management of prostate cancer,particularly in monitoring post-prostatectomy recurrence.Current immunoassays,however,lack the sensitivity and robustness necessary for detecting trace-level PSA in clinical samples.To address this limitation,we develop a triplet energy transfer(TET)-sensitized downshifting luminescence immunosorbent assay(TET-DLISA)platform by utilizing size-optimized NaGdF4:Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)downshifting nanoparticles(DSNPs)functionalized with a carboxylated near-infrared dye(Cypate)as signal reporters,for background-free NIR-Ⅱ detection.Under 808-nm excitation,efficient TET from Cypate to Yb^(3+)amplifies the NIR-Ⅱ emission of Er^(3+)by 284 times in 5.8-nm DSNPs,achieving a highly enhanced intersystem crossing efficiency(82.8%)while minimizing interfacial energy loss.By introducing DSNP@Cypate as an NIR-II signal reporter,the proposed TET-DLISA enables ultrasensitive PSA quantification via alkaline phosphatase(ALP)-catalyzed phosphate displacement of Cypate,yielding an outstanding signal-to-background ratio(SBR)of 273 and a detection limit of 98 fg mL^(-1),which is three orders of magnitude more sensitive than the corresponding ALP-based ELISA.Clinical validation with patient sera confirms a strong correlation with the results from commercial kits,demonstrating the platform’s clinical utility for post-surgical monitoring.This TET-DLISA platform provides a transformative paradigm for ultrasensitive biomarker detection,addressing unmet needs in precision diagnostics.展开更多
The localized surface plasmon resonance metasurface is a research hotspot in the sensing field since it can enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanoscale,but the wavelength sensitivity is far from comparable w...The localized surface plasmon resonance metasurface is a research hotspot in the sensing field since it can enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanoscale,but the wavelength sensitivity is far from comparable with that of prism-coupled surface plasmon polariton(SPP).Herein,we propose and demonstrate an ultrasensitive angular interrogation sensor based on the transverse electric mode surface lattice resonance(SLR)mechanism in an all-metal metasurface.In theory,we derive the sensitivity function in detail and emphasize the refraction effect at the air-solution interface,which influences the SLR position and improves the sensitivity performance greatly in the wide-angle.In the measurement,a broadband light source substitutes the single-wavelength laser generally used in traditional angular sensing,and the measured SLR wavelength of broadband illuminant at normal incidence is defined as the single wavelength,avoiding the sensitivity loss from the large angle.The experimental sensitivity can reach 4304.35°/RIU,promoting an order of magnitude compared to those of SPP-sensors.This research provides a novel theory as well as the corresponding crucial approach to achieving ultrasensitive angular sensing.展开更多
Active control of metamaterial properties with high tunability of both resonant intensity and frequency is essential for advanced terahertz(THz) applications, ranging from spectroscopy and sensing to communications.Am...Active control of metamaterial properties with high tunability of both resonant intensity and frequency is essential for advanced terahertz(THz) applications, ranging from spectroscopy and sensing to communications.Among varied metamaterials, plasmon-induced transparency(PIT) has enabled active control with giant sensitivity by embedding semiconducting materials. However, there is still a stringent challenge to achieve dynamic responses in both intensity and frequency modulation. Here, an anisotropic THz active metamaterial device with an ultrasensitive modulation feature is proposed and experimentally studied. A radiative-radiative-coupled PIT system is established, with a frequency shift of 0.26 THz in its sharp transparent windows by polarization rotation. Enabled by high charge-carrier mobility and longer diffusion lengths, we utilize a straightforwardly spincoated MAPbI3 film acting as a photoactive medium to endow the device with high sensitivity and ultrafast speed.When the device is pumped by an ultralow laser fluence, the PIT transmission windows at 0.86 and 1.12 THz demonstrate a significant reduction for two polarizations, respectively, with a full recovery time of 561 ps. In addition, we numerically prove the validity that the investigated resonator structure is sensitive to the optically induced conductivity. The hybrid system not only achieves resonant intensity and frequency modulations simultaneously, but also preserves the all-optical-induced switching merits with high sensitivity and speed, which enriches multifunctional subwavelength metamaterial devices at THz frequencies.展开更多
An ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on a compact in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) created in twin-core fiber(TCF) is proposed, and its performance is experimentally demonstrated. A section of TCF w...An ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on a compact in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) created in twin-core fiber(TCF) is proposed, and its performance is experimentally demonstrated. A section of TCF was spliced between two sections of standard single-mode fibers, and then a microchannel was drilled through one core of the TCF by means of femtosecond laser micromachining. The TCF with one microchannel was then immersed in a water-based Fe_3O_4 magnetic fluid(MF), forming a direct component of the light propagation path,and then sealed in a capillary tube, achieving a magnetic sensing element, which merges the advantages of an MZI with an MF. Experiments were conducted to investigate the magnetic response of the proposed sensor. The developed magnetic field sensor exhibits a linear response within a measurement range from 5 to 9.5 m T and an ultrahigh sensitivity of 20.8 nm/m T, which, to our best knowledge, is 2 orders of magnitude greater than other previously reported magnetic sensors. The proposed sensor is expected to offer significant potential for detecting weak magnetic fields.展开更多
Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism ...Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism of cocaine-aptamer interactions is still unknown,which limits the structural refinement in the design of an aptamer to improve the performance of cocaine aptasensors.Herein,we report a label-free,ultrasensitive detection of single-molecule cocaine-aptamer interaction by using an electrical nanocircuit based on graphene-moleculegraphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs).Real-time recordings of cocaine-aptamer interactions have exhibited distinct current oscillations before and after cocaine treatment,revealing the dynamic mechanism of the conformational changes of aptamer upon binding with cocaine.Further concentration-dependent experiments have proved that these devices can act as a single-molecule biosensor with at least a limit of detection as low as 1 nmol·L^-1.The method demonstrated in this work provides a novel strategy for shedding light on the interaction mechanism of biomolecules as well as constructing new types of aptasensors toward practical applications.展开更多
The fabrication of sensitive sensors with high selectivity is highly desirable for the detection of some important biomarkers,such as nucleic acids,proteins,small molecules and ions.DNA hybridization chain reaction(HC...The fabrication of sensitive sensors with high selectivity is highly desirable for the detection of some important biomarkers,such as nucleic acids,proteins,small molecules and ions.DNA hybridization chain reaction(HCR) and DNA supersandwich self-assembly(SSA) are two prevalent enzyme-free signal amplification strategies to improve sensitivity of the sensors.In this review,we firstly describe the characteristics about DNA HCR and DNA SSA,and then summarize the advances in the one-dimensional DNA nanostructures assisted by HCR and SSA.This review has been divided into three parts according to the two signal amplification methods and highlights recent progress in these two strategies to improve the detection sensitivity of proteins,nucleic acids,small molecules and ions.展开更多
Ion-conductive hydrogels with intrinsic biocompatibility,stretchability,and stimuli-responsive capability have attracted considerable attention because of their extensive application potential in wearable sensing devi...Ion-conductive hydrogels with intrinsic biocompatibility,stretchability,and stimuli-responsive capability have attracted considerable attention because of their extensive application potential in wearable sensing devices.The miniaturization and integration of hydrogel-based devices are currently expected to achieve breakthroughs in device performance and promote their practical application.However,currently,hydrogel film is rarely reported because it can be easily wrinkled,torn,and dehydrated,which severely hinders its development in microelectronics.Herein,thin,stretchable,and transparent ion-conductive double-network hydrogel films with controllable thickness are integrated with stretchable elastomer substrates,which show good environmental stability and ultrahigh sensitivity to humidity(78,785.5%/% relative humidity(RH)).Benefiting from the ultrahigh surface-area-to-volume ratio,abundant active sites,and short diffusion distance,the hydrogel film humidity sensor exhibits2×10^(5)times increased response to 98% RH,as well as 5.9 and7.6 times accelerated response and recovery speeds compared with the bulk counterpart,indicating its remarkable thicknessdependent humidity-sensing properties.The humidity-sensing mechanism reveals that the adsorption of water improves the ion migration and dielectric constant,as well as establishes the electrical double layer.Furthermore,the noncontact human-machine interaction and real-time respiratory frequency detection are enabled by the sensors.This work provides an innovative strategy to achieve further breakthroughs in device performance and promote the development of hydrogel-based miniaturized and integrated electronics.展开更多
基金supported by the projects funded by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(NO.23JP116)the Natural Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(NO.2024JC-YBMS-396)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52171191,52371198,U22A20137)the Constructing National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones(XM2024XTGXQ05)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(JCYJ20220818102215033,GJHZ20210705142542015,JCYJ20220530160811027)Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Digitization(2023B1212060012).
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial.Despite significant advancements,a gap remains in the literature,as no comprehensive review systematically addresses the high-precision construction of SERS substrates for ultrasensitive biomedical detection.This review fills that gap by exploring recent progress in fabricating high-precision SERS substrates,emphasizing their role in enabling ultrasensitive bio-medical sensors.We carefully examine the key to these advancements is the precision engineering of substrates,including noble metals,semiconductors,carbon-based materials,and two-dimensional materials,which is essential for achieving the high sensitivity required for ultrasensitive detection.Applications in biomedical diagnostics and molecular analysis are highlighted.Finally,we address the challenges in SERS substrate preparation and outline future directions,focusing on improvement strategies,design concepts,and expanding applications for these advanced materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404701)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader under Grant(22XD1422100)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075231,12141303,12073018)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(20JC1414603,23dz2260100)Shanghai Pujiang Program(21PJ1411400)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703335)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20220355).
文摘Phase singularities(PSs)in topological darkness-based sensors have received significant attention in optical sensing due to their rapid,ultra-sensitive,and label-free detection capabilities.Here,we present both experimental and theoretical investigations of an ultrasensitive and multiplexed phase-sensitive sensor utilizing dual topological PSs in the visible and near-infrared regions.This sensor uses a simple structure,which consists of an ultra-thin highly absorbing film deposited on a metal substrate.We demonstrate the achievement of dual-polarization darkness points for s-and p-polarizations at different incident angles.Furthermore,we theoretically explain the double topological PSs accompanied by a perfect±π-jump near a zero-reflection point,based on the temporal coupled-mode formalism.To validate its multifunctional capabilities,humidity sensing tests were carried out.The results demonstrate that the sensor has a detection limit reaching the level of 0.12‰.These findings go beyond the scope of conventional interference optical coatings and highlight the potential applications of this technology in gas sensing and biosensing domains.
基金financially supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005081,51873222 and 52111530128)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LY22B050003 and LZ22B050001)+1 种基金the Funding for the Scientific Research Foundation for Scholars of Hangzhou Normal University(Nos.4095C5021920467 and 4095C5021920452)the Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province(Nos.202004g01020016 and 202104g01020009)。
文摘Urothelial carcinoma(UC)is a common malignant tumor in the urinary system with high recurrence rate and low survival rate 5 years after surgery.At present,imaging examination and other diagnostic methods have some shortcomings such as invasiveness and non-specificity.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a simple,rapid,noninvasive,highly sensitive and highly specific strategy to diagnose UC.Herein,a high-performance fluorescence sensor was constructed by the plasmonic gold nanorods(AuNRs)-enhanced near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence of silver sulfide quantum dots(Ag_(2)S QDs).The designed sensor can be used for the fast and accurate detection of small molecule single-transmembrane protein(FXYD3),which is overexpressed in 90%of ureteral cancers and 84%of high-grade bladder cancers.Due to its high specificity,the NIR fluorescence sensor achieves the detection of FXYD3 in the range of 0.25-150 ng·ml^(-1)with a detection limit of 0.2 ng·ml^(-1).Importantly,it also can be used for accurate diagnosis of FXYD3 in the urine of patients with relevant cancers,and the results are consistent with clinical cystoscopy and pathological analysis.The proposed fluorescence sensor provides a simple,ultrasensitive,reliable method for UC screening,tumor-grade classification and postoperative monitoring and will have great potential for clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2017YFA0208100,2016YFA0602900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.91853124,21778057 and 21420102003)Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In this manuscript,we first report an ultrasensitive detection assay of microRNA by combing asymmetric polymerase chain reaction(A-PCR)and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)technology.Using A-PCR obtained an extended single strand to form LAMP stem-loop structure under isothermal amplification conditions.We used miRNAs as a loop primer probe in LAMP reaction and completed its ultrasensitive and rapid detection.The established method furnished a fast,specific and efficient detection of target miRNA with a detection limit as low as 10 amol/L in 90 min.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21205103)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.BK2012258)+2 种基金Young and Middle-aged Academic Leaders Foundation of Yangzhou UniversityTop-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP)funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Two-dimensional covalent organic framework(COF)has distinctive properties that offer potential opportunities for developing advanced electrode materials.In this work,a core-shell material composed of TAPB-DMTP-COF(TAPB,1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene;DMTP,2,5-dimethoxyterephaldehyde)core and conducting polymer shell,TAPB-DMTP-COF@PANI,was synthesized solvothermally using a polymerization method.The structural cha racteristics of the prepared composite were revealed by X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD),fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The electrochemical analyses were verified by subsequent monitoring of trace levels of acetaminophen.This resultant composite not only facilitated acetaminophen to interact with absorption sites byπ-πstacking effect and hydrogen bonding but also overcame the poor conductivity of COF.Under the optimal conditions,a low limit of detection of 0.032μmol/L and wide linear range of 0.10-500μmol/L were obtained.The electrochemical platform was almost unaffected by other interfering substances,and successfully applied for the practical detection of acetaminophen in commercial tablet,human blood serum and urine.The enhanced performance makes this COF based core-shell composite a promising material in electrochemical senso r.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (No.2020YFA0709900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81871265,81672508,81702617)+4 种基金Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (No.19KJA520005)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (No.2019JM-016)National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No.20202BABL206043)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission (No.20204495)Open Research Fund of Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco。
文摘Rapid and accurate detection of immunoglobulin E(Ig E) in serum and reduction of serum dosage are of great significance for clinical detection. Herein, we described a rapid magnetic separation of Ig E from patient serum based on Fe3 O4@Si O2-NTA@026 sdab as the capture probe and multiple horseradish peroxidase(HRP)-labeled antibodies linked gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) as chemiluminescence(CL) signal amplifier for ultrasensitive detection of total Ig E. Results showed that the limit of detection of our immunosensor system in serum samples was 0.03 k U/L, which is lowest in comparison with current methods, and far lower than that of Immuno CAP for Ig E detection(0.1 k U/L). Furthermore, our immunosensor possessed satisfied repeatability and accuracy, as well as good stability. In comparison with the Immuno CAP for the quantitative detection of Ig E, highly consistent results were achieved in 20 serum samples. Specially, this method was also successfully utilized for assessing the Ig E traces in breast cancer patients,which provides a new idea for the diagnosis of early cancer. Therefore, we believe that such versatile immunosensor will offer an alternative method for the on-site monitoring and determination of various Ig E-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21661028,21662031,21574104)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.IRT 15R56)。
文摘An ultrasensitive detection and effective removal material was successfully developed by using a pillar[n]arene-based supramolecular polymer gel(MTP5?HB).The MTP5?HB can ultrasensitively recognize Cu^2+and Fe^3+,and the limits of detection(LODs)for Cu^2+and Fe^3+are 1.55 and 2.68 nmol/L,respectively.Additionally,the in-situ generated metallogel MTP5?HB-Cu can exclusively detect CN,and the LOD for CN is 1.13 nmol/L.Noticeably,the xerogel of MTP5?HB-Cu can effectively remove CN from aqueous solution with 94.40%removal rate.Test kit based on MTP5?HB-Cu is also prepared for convenient detection of CN.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is a prevalent malignant tumor within the digestive system,with over 40%of new cases and deaths related to GC globally occurring in China.Despite advancements in treatment modalities,such as surgery supplemented by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapeutic agents,the prognosis for GC remains poor.New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are currently under invest-igation,but no significant breakthroughs have been achieved.Studies have indicated that GC is a heterogeneous disease,encompassing multiple subtypes with distinct biological characteristics and roles.Consequently,personalized treatment based on clinical features,pathologic typing,and molecular typing is crucial for the diagnosis and management of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer(PLGC).Current research has categorized GC into four subtypes:Epstein-Barr virus-positive,microsatellite instability,genome stability,and chromosome instability(CIN).Technologies such as multi-omics analysis and gene sequencing are being employed to identify more suitable novel testing methods in these areas.Among these,ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detection(UCAD)can detect CIN at a genome-wide level in subjects using low-depth whole genome sequencing technology,in conjunction with bioinformatics analysis,to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of chromosomal stability.This editorial reviews recent research advancements in UCAD technology for the diagnosis and management of PLGC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22274063)Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909124)。
文摘Sensitivity and accuracy are key indicators for analysis,while the signal self-on/off effect is an effective means to enhance detection sensitivity.Herein,we have utilized the multiple signal amplification strategy of porous Ag/Au shell with high efficiency catalytic functionality and an aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)elimination effect firstly.The wrapping of the Ag/Au shell eliminated the ACQ effect of rubrene(Rub),and Ag can catalyze the decomposition of the coreactant K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)and lead to the formation of more SO_(4)^(•−)radicals,thereby improving its electrochemiluminescence(ECL)efficiency,which promoted the application of aromatic rings as luminescence probes.Secondly,a mesoporous Fe–MOF with strong catalytic activity for the coreactants(K_(2)S_(2)O_(8))was selected as a controlled release carrier to further improve the output signals of the sensor.Thirdly,the coreactants were encapsulated as functional factors,realizing controllable changes in output signals from scratch with the introduction of targets.These strategies maximize the self-on effect to more clearly display subtle changes in the concentration of the analyte,prostate-specific antigen(PSA).On this basis,the developed ECL sensor exhibited good sensitivity and accuracy for PSA detection,with a detection limit of 5.01 fg mL^(-1),which provided an important basis for constructing efficient biosensors to better meet immunoassay needs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901799,32001804)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M692370).
文摘Aflatoxins as the world’s most toxic contamination is metabolized by Aspergillus flavus and its production is closely related to aflatoxin-producing genes.It is significant to monitor the aflatoxin-producing genes as early as possible to prevent the contamination and spread of aflatoxins.Therefore,a label-free and free separation fluorescent biosensor using the selective cation exchange reaction in conjunction with the signal amplification of catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA)was developed for the detection of aflatoxin-producing gene utilizing CdTe quantum dots(CdTe QDs)and Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots(NCQDs)as the beacon molecule.There were two types of hairpin structures in this sensing system,hairpin probe 1(HP1)was generated by Ag^(+)and the recognition probe with the complex C-Ag^(+)-C structure and hairpin probe 2(HP2)was the DNA fragments showing a hairpin arrangement.Target nor-1 gene may activate the CHA,which created a significant quantity of HP1-HP2 double-stranded DNAand recycled the target nor-1 gene.The released amounts of Ag^(+)suppressed the fluorescence signal of CdTe QDs,while it wasn’t observed the discernible effect on NCQDs.This fluorescent biosensor displayed the excellent sensitivity for aflatoxin-producing nor-1 gene in a dynamic range of 5 pM-50 nM with a detection limit of 1.66 pM.This fabricated sensor also showed the visible distinguish for different concentrations of nor-1 gene.It exhibited the potential to offer vital enhancements for food quality control through a simple,fast and sensitive monitoring test system.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0615604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62192770,62305252,62205246,62475192,61925504,62020106009,62192771)+3 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21JC1406100,22ZR1432400)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic ResearchFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy,widely used for chiral sensing,has been limited by the detection sensitivity.Enhancing optical chirality in the light fields interacting with chiral molecules is crucial for achieving ultrasensitive chiral detection.Here,we present a new paradigm for ultrasensitive chiral detection by creating accessible chiral hotspots using a toroidal dipole Fabry–Perot bound state in the continuum(TD FP-BIC)metasurface.BIC resonance is achieved by controlling the coupling between the TD resonance and its multilayer reflector-induced perfect mirror image.This method enables unprecedented local maximum and average optical chirality enhancements of up to 6×10^(4)-fold and 2×10^(3)-fold,respectively,within non-structured regions,resulting in an 866-fold increase in CD signals compared to chiral molecules alone without nanostructures.Our results pave the way for enhanced light–matter interactions and ultrasensitive enantiomeric operation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3805800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52473307,22208178,62301290)+8 种基金Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province in China(tsqn202211116)Shandong Provincial Universities Youth Innovation Technology Plan Team(2023KJ223)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2023YQ037,ZR2020QE074,ZR2023QE043,ZR2022QE174)Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0344,2023TSGC1006)Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(23-2-1-249-zyyd-jch,24-4-4-zrjj-56-jch)Anhui Province Postdoctoral Researcher Research Activity Funding Project(2023B706)Qingdao Key Technology Research and Industrialization Demonstration Projects(23-1-7-zdfn-2-hz)Qingdao Shinan District Science and Technology Plan Project(2022-3-005-DZ)Suqian Key Research and Development Plan(H202310)。
文摘Heat exhaustion is a prevalent heat-related illness among firefighters,posing a severe threat to life without timely intervention.However,current firefighter garments are limited by their singular functionality and cannot collect or analyze body fluid during rescue missions.Here,we introduce a wetting gradient effect assisted ultrasensitive meta-garment that incorporates multi-signal biomonitoring,offering an early warning system for heat exhaustion risk.This design enables real-time detection of heart rate,pH value,and the concentrations of glucose,sodium,and potassium in sweat.Benefiting from the surface energy difference,gradient wettability surfaces can be formed,allowing for precise point-to-point fluid control and regulation.Thus,the biosensing fibers require the lowest detection volume(0.1μL)and fastest response time(1.4 s)reported to date.This innovative garment provides a practical solution for early health warning based on abnormal multi-biomarker changes,representing a significant advancement in firefighter safety.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62305394 and 62205380)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(grant no.12225511)the National Science Fund of China Major Project(grant no.T2241002).
文摘Advanced sensing devices based on metasurfaces have emerged as a revolutionary platform for innovative label-free biosensors,holding promise for early diagnostics and the detection of low-concentration analytes.Here,we developed a chip-based ultrasensitive terahertz(THz)metasensor,leveraging a quasi-bound state in the continuum(q-BIC)to address the challenges associated with intricate operations in trace biochemical detection.The metasensor design features an open-ring resonator metasurface,which supports magnetic dipole q-BIC combining functionalized gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)bound with a specific antibody.The substantial enhancement in THz–analyte interactions,facilitated by the potent near-field enhancement enabled by the q-BICs,results in a substantial boost in biosensor sensitivity by up to 560 GHz/refractive index units.This methodology allows for the detection of conjugated antibody–AuNPs for cardiac troponin I at concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/ml.These discoveries deliver valuable insight for AuNP-based trace biomolecule sensing and pave the path for the development of chip-scale biosensors with profound light–matter interactions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3503700)the NSFC(Nos.U22A20398,22135008,12574475,22275190,and 51402294)+1 种基金NSF of Fujian Province(Nos.2025I0049 and 2023J01261)the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.CXZX-2022-GH10 and CXZX-2022-GS01).
文摘The ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen(PSA)remains challenging for therapeutic evaluation and management of prostate cancer,particularly in monitoring post-prostatectomy recurrence.Current immunoassays,however,lack the sensitivity and robustness necessary for detecting trace-level PSA in clinical samples.To address this limitation,we develop a triplet energy transfer(TET)-sensitized downshifting luminescence immunosorbent assay(TET-DLISA)platform by utilizing size-optimized NaGdF4:Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+)downshifting nanoparticles(DSNPs)functionalized with a carboxylated near-infrared dye(Cypate)as signal reporters,for background-free NIR-Ⅱ detection.Under 808-nm excitation,efficient TET from Cypate to Yb^(3+)amplifies the NIR-Ⅱ emission of Er^(3+)by 284 times in 5.8-nm DSNPs,achieving a highly enhanced intersystem crossing efficiency(82.8%)while minimizing interfacial energy loss.By introducing DSNP@Cypate as an NIR-II signal reporter,the proposed TET-DLISA enables ultrasensitive PSA quantification via alkaline phosphatase(ALP)-catalyzed phosphate displacement of Cypate,yielding an outstanding signal-to-background ratio(SBR)of 273 and a detection limit of 98 fg mL^(-1),which is three orders of magnitude more sensitive than the corresponding ALP-based ELISA.Clinical validation with patient sera confirms a strong correlation with the results from commercial kits,demonstrating the platform’s clinical utility for post-surgical monitoring.This TET-DLISA platform provides a transformative paradigm for ultrasensitive biomarker detection,addressing unmet needs in precision diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3200100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61931018 and 61974004)。
文摘The localized surface plasmon resonance metasurface is a research hotspot in the sensing field since it can enhance the light-matter interaction in the nanoscale,but the wavelength sensitivity is far from comparable with that of prism-coupled surface plasmon polariton(SPP).Herein,we propose and demonstrate an ultrasensitive angular interrogation sensor based on the transverse electric mode surface lattice resonance(SLR)mechanism in an all-metal metasurface.In theory,we derive the sensitivity function in detail and emphasize the refraction effect at the air-solution interface,which influences the SLR position and improves the sensitivity performance greatly in the wide-angle.In the measurement,a broadband light source substitutes the single-wavelength laser generally used in traditional angular sensing,and the measured SLR wavelength of broadband illuminant at normal incidence is defined as the single wavelength,avoiding the sensitivity loss from the large angle.The experimental sensitivity can reach 4304.35°/RIU,promoting an order of magnitude compared to those of SPP-sensors.This research provides a novel theory as well as the corresponding crucial approach to achieving ultrasensitive angular sensing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11802339,11804387,11805276,61801498,61805282)Scientific Researches Foundation of National University of Defense Technology(ZK16-03-59,ZK18-01-03,ZK18-03-22,ZK18-03-36)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2016JJ1021)Open Director Fund of State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology(SKL2018ZR05)Open Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Technology(GNJGJS03)Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter(SKLLIM1702)Youth Talent Lifting Project(17-JCJQ-QT-004)
文摘Active control of metamaterial properties with high tunability of both resonant intensity and frequency is essential for advanced terahertz(THz) applications, ranging from spectroscopy and sensing to communications.Among varied metamaterials, plasmon-induced transparency(PIT) has enabled active control with giant sensitivity by embedding semiconducting materials. However, there is still a stringent challenge to achieve dynamic responses in both intensity and frequency modulation. Here, an anisotropic THz active metamaterial device with an ultrasensitive modulation feature is proposed and experimentally studied. A radiative-radiative-coupled PIT system is established, with a frequency shift of 0.26 THz in its sharp transparent windows by polarization rotation. Enabled by high charge-carrier mobility and longer diffusion lengths, we utilize a straightforwardly spincoated MAPbI3 film acting as a photoactive medium to endow the device with high sensitivity and ultrafast speed.When the device is pumped by an ultralow laser fluence, the PIT transmission windows at 0.86 and 1.12 THz demonstrate a significant reduction for two polarizations, respectively, with a full recovery time of 561 ps. In addition, we numerically prove the validity that the investigated resonator structure is sensitive to the optically induced conductivity. The hybrid system not only achieves resonant intensity and frequency modulations simultaneously, but also preserves the all-optical-induced switching merits with high sensitivity and speed, which enriches multifunctional subwavelength metamaterial devices at THz frequencies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61425007,61377090,61575128)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2014A030308007,2014B050504010,2015B010105007,2015A030313541)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(ZDSYS20140430164957664,GJHZ20150313093755757,KQCX20140512172532195,JCYJ20150324141711576)Pearl River Scholar Fellowships
文摘An ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor based on a compact in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) created in twin-core fiber(TCF) is proposed, and its performance is experimentally demonstrated. A section of TCF was spliced between two sections of standard single-mode fibers, and then a microchannel was drilled through one core of the TCF by means of femtosecond laser micromachining. The TCF with one microchannel was then immersed in a water-based Fe_3O_4 magnetic fluid(MF), forming a direct component of the light propagation path,and then sealed in a capillary tube, achieving a magnetic sensing element, which merges the advantages of an MZI with an MF. Experiments were conducted to investigate the magnetic response of the proposed sensor. The developed magnetic field sensor exhibits a linear response within a measurement range from 5 to 9.5 m T and an ultrahigh sensitivity of 20.8 nm/m T, which, to our best knowledge, is 2 orders of magnitude greater than other previously reported magnetic sensors. The proposed sensor is expected to offer significant potential for detecting weak magnetic fields.
基金The authors ack no wledge primary fin ancial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0204901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21727806)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No. Z181100004418003) and the Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University.
文摘Aptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro-detection of cocaine due to its high specificity,high affinity and good stability.Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied,the binding mechanism of cocaine-aptamer interactions is still unknown,which limits the structural refinement in the design of an aptamer to improve the performance of cocaine aptasensors.Herein,we report a label-free,ultrasensitive detection of single-molecule cocaine-aptamer interaction by using an electrical nanocircuit based on graphene-moleculegraphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs).Real-time recordings of cocaine-aptamer interactions have exhibited distinct current oscillations before and after cocaine treatment,revealing the dynamic mechanism of the conformational changes of aptamer upon binding with cocaine.Further concentration-dependent experiments have proved that these devices can act as a single-molecule biosensor with at least a limit of detection as low as 1 nmol·L^-1.The method demonstrated in this work provides a novel strategy for shedding light on the interaction mechanism of biomolecules as well as constructing new types of aptasensors toward practical applications.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB932600,2013CB933000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21505101,21375042,21405054, 21404097)1000 Young Talent(to Fan Xia) and Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ16B050003)
文摘The fabrication of sensitive sensors with high selectivity is highly desirable for the detection of some important biomarkers,such as nucleic acids,proteins,small molecules and ions.DNA hybridization chain reaction(HCR) and DNA supersandwich self-assembly(SSA) are two prevalent enzyme-free signal amplification strategies to improve sensitivity of the sensors.In this review,we firstly describe the characteristics about DNA HCR and DNA SSA,and then summarize the advances in the one-dimensional DNA nanostructures assisted by HCR and SSA.This review has been divided into three parts according to the two signal amplification methods and highlights recent progress in these two strategies to improve the detection sensitivity of proteins,nucleic acids,small molecules and ions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61801525)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515010693)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201904010456)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(22lgqb17)。
文摘Ion-conductive hydrogels with intrinsic biocompatibility,stretchability,and stimuli-responsive capability have attracted considerable attention because of their extensive application potential in wearable sensing devices.The miniaturization and integration of hydrogel-based devices are currently expected to achieve breakthroughs in device performance and promote their practical application.However,currently,hydrogel film is rarely reported because it can be easily wrinkled,torn,and dehydrated,which severely hinders its development in microelectronics.Herein,thin,stretchable,and transparent ion-conductive double-network hydrogel films with controllable thickness are integrated with stretchable elastomer substrates,which show good environmental stability and ultrahigh sensitivity to humidity(78,785.5%/% relative humidity(RH)).Benefiting from the ultrahigh surface-area-to-volume ratio,abundant active sites,and short diffusion distance,the hydrogel film humidity sensor exhibits2×10^(5)times increased response to 98% RH,as well as 5.9 and7.6 times accelerated response and recovery speeds compared with the bulk counterpart,indicating its remarkable thicknessdependent humidity-sensing properties.The humidity-sensing mechanism reveals that the adsorption of water improves the ion migration and dielectric constant,as well as establishes the electrical double layer.Furthermore,the noncontact human-machine interaction and real-time respiratory frequency detection are enabled by the sensors.This work provides an innovative strategy to achieve further breakthroughs in device performance and promote the development of hydrogel-based miniaturized and integrated electronics.
