This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interve...This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.展开更多
目的探讨高频肺部超声与分区域扫查在早期诊断新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)及湿肺(transient tachypnea of the newborn,TTN)中的临床应用。方法研究选取2021年5月至2023年5月本院收治的90例疑...目的探讨高频肺部超声与分区域扫查在早期诊断新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)及湿肺(transient tachypnea of the newborn,TTN)中的临床应用。方法研究选取2021年5月至2023年5月本院收治的90例疑似新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿,所有患儿均进行X线及高频肺部超声检测,以临床表现作为金标准,并分析X线及高频肺部超声在NRDS及TTN中的诊断价值。结果90例患儿中,临床诊断出30例为NRDS,50例为TTN;高频肺部超声诊断NRDS的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.67%、96.67%、96.67%、93.55%、98.31%,高频肺部超声诊断TTN的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.78%、98.00%、97.50%、98.00%、97.50%。结论高频肺部超声结合分区域扫查在鉴别NRDS和TTN方面表现出高准确率和诊断价值,相较于X线,具有无辐射风险、操作简便和结果即时等优势。展开更多
文摘This narrative review examines the use of imaging biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring hydrocephalus from birth through childhood.Early detection and longitudinal follow-up are essential for guiding timely interventions and asse-ssing treatment outcomes.Cranial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are the primary imaging modalities,providing critical insights into ventri-cular size,cerebrospinal fluid dynamics,and neurodevelopmental implications.Key parameters,including Evans’index,Levene’s index,and the Cella Media index,as well as volumetric and diffusion-based MRI techniques,have been explored for their diagnostic and prognostic value.Advances in automated image analysis and artificial intelligence have further improved measurement precision and reproducibility.Despite these developments,challenges remain in standar-dizing imaging protocols and establishing normative reference values across different pediatric populations.This review highlights the strengths and limita-tions of current imaging approaches,emphasizing the need for consistent metho-dologies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management in hydrocephalus.
文摘目的探讨高频肺部超声与分区域扫查在早期诊断新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)及湿肺(transient tachypnea of the newborn,TTN)中的临床应用。方法研究选取2021年5月至2023年5月本院收治的90例疑似新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征患儿,所有患儿均进行X线及高频肺部超声检测,以临床表现作为金标准,并分析X线及高频肺部超声在NRDS及TTN中的诊断价值。结果90例患儿中,临床诊断出30例为NRDS,50例为TTN;高频肺部超声诊断NRDS的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为96.67%、96.67%、96.67%、93.55%、98.31%,高频肺部超声诊断TTN的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.78%、98.00%、97.50%、98.00%、97.50%。结论高频肺部超声结合分区域扫查在鉴别NRDS和TTN方面表现出高准确率和诊断价值,相较于X线,具有无辐射风险、操作简便和结果即时等优势。
