Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the perme...Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)with biochar-iron composites.In this work,biochar-iron composites were synthesized by two different methods,and subjected to the microscopic analysis,batch experiments and the PRB’s model tests.The results indicated that the removal rates of TCE on biochar-iron composites reached above 90%,and the optimal removal conditions were the initial pH of 6.0 and a biochar/iron mass ratio of 5:1.The removal of TCE on biochar-iron composites followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models,and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCE was 25.95 mg/g.The adsorption of biochar and dechlorination of nZVI dominated the removal of TCE.Biochar significantly enhanced the dechlorination of TCE on nZVI through modifying the electrochemical characteristics to lower its corrosion potential of nZVI,promote direct electron transfer,and improve electronic transfer capability.M-5BC-1nZVI exhibited excellent hydraulic performance for maintaining an adequate permeability coefficient(10^(−6)to 10^(−5)m/s).展开更多
Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system th...Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system that overcomes these challenges by combining electrospun SEBS nanofiber mats,high-resolution liquid metal conductors patterned via thermal imprinting(50μm),and a strain isolators(SIL)that protects vertical interconnects(VIAs)from stress concentration.This architecture achieves ultrahigh air permeability(>5.09 m L cm^(-2)min^(-1)),exceptional stretchability(750%fracture strain),and reliable conductivity maintained through more than 32,500 strain cycles.Leveraging these advances,we have integrated multilayer circuits,strain sensors,and a three-axis accelerometer to achieve a fully integrated,stretchable,permeable wireless real-time gesture recognition glove.The system enables accurate sign language interpretation(98%)and seamless robotic hand control,demonstrating its potential for assistive technologies.By uniting comfort,durability,and high-density integration,this work establishes a versatile platform for nextgeneration wearable electronics and interactive human-robot interfaces.展开更多
Permeable roads generally exhibit inferior mechanical properties and shorter service life than traditional dense-graded/impermeable roads.Furthermore,the incorporation of recycled aggregates in their construction may ...Permeable roads generally exhibit inferior mechanical properties and shorter service life than traditional dense-graded/impermeable roads.Furthermore,the incorporation of recycled aggregates in their construction may exacerbate these limitations.To address these issues,this study introduced a novel cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate material.A total of 162 beam specimens prepared with nine different levels of cement-aggregate ratio were tested to evaluate their permeability,bending load,and bending fatigue life.The experimental results indicate that increasing the content of recycled aggregates led to a reduction in both permeability and bending load.Additionally,the inclusion of recycled aggregates diminished the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens.These findings were used to establish a robust relationship between the initial damage in cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate material specimens and their fatigue life,and to propose a predictive model for their fatigue performance.Further,a method for assessing fatigue damage based on the evolution of fatigue-induced strain and energy dissipation was developed.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanical behavior and fatigue performance of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials,offering guidance for the design of low-carbon-emission,permeable,and durable roadways incorporating recycled aggregates.展开更多
Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take...Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take several months.Measures are sought to shorten the drainage path in the ground,and permeable pipe pile is a concept that involves drainage channels at the peak pore pressure locations around the pile circumference.Centrifuge tests were conducted to understand the responses of permeable pipe pile treated ground,experiencing the whole pile driving,soil consolidating,and axially loading process.Results show that the dissipation rate of pore pressures can be improved,especially at a greater depth or at a shorter distance from the pile,since the local hydraulic gradient was higher.Less significant buildup of pore pressures can be anticipated with the use of permeable pipe pile.For this,the bearing capacity of composite foundation with permeable pipe pile can be increased by over 36.9%,compared to the case with normal pipe pile at a specific time period.All these demonstrate the ability of permeable pipe pile in accelerating the consolidation process,mobilizing the bearing capacity of treated ground at an early stage,and minimizing the set-up effect.展开更多
Current protective clothing often lacks sufficient comfort to ensure efficient performance of healthcare workers.Developing protective textiles with high air and moisture permeability is a potential and effective solu...Current protective clothing often lacks sufficient comfort to ensure efficient performance of healthcare workers.Developing protective textiles with high air and moisture permeability is a potential and effective solution to discomfort of medical protective clothing.However,realizing the facile production of a protective textile that combines safety and comfort remains a challenge.Herein,we report the fabrication of highly permeable protective textiles(HPPT)with micro/nano-networks,using non-solvent induced phase separation synergistically driven by CaCl_(2) and fluorinated polyurethane,combined with spraying technique.The HPPT demonstrates excellent liquid repellency and comfort,ensuring high safety and a dry microenvironment for the wearer.The textile exhibits not only a high hydrostatic pressure(12.86 kPa)due to its tailored small mean pore size(1.03μm)and chemical composition,but also demonstrates excellent air permeability(14.24 mm s^(−1))and moisture permeability(7.92 kg m^(−2)d^(−1))owing to the rational combination of small pore size and high porosity(69%).The HPPT offers superior comfort compared to the commercially available protective materials.Additionally,we elucidated a molding mechanism synergistically inducted by diffusion-dissolution-phase separation.This research provides an innovative perspective on enhancing the comfort of medical protective clothing and offers theoretical support for regulating of pore structure during phase separations.展开更多
Microneedles(MNs)have attracted increasing attention as a transdermal delivery system(TDDS)[1].However,traditional volatile Chinese medicines cannot be dissolved in conventional soluble MN materials,such as hyaluronic...Microneedles(MNs)have attracted increasing attention as a transdermal delivery system(TDDS)[1].However,traditional volatile Chinese medicines cannot be dissolved in conventional soluble MN materials,such as hyaluronic acid and chitosan,making it difficult for many traditional Chinese medicine ingredients to be applied to MN.Elemene(ELE)was successfully isolated from Curcuma longa,and has numerous antitumor and curative effects[2].展开更多
Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of...Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of pollutants.Under the background of ultra-low emissions,iron and steel enterprises urgently need to upgrade their existing processes to address the existing process in practical application problems.In this study,a steel group in Gansu Province was taken as an example.By comparing and analyzing the pollutant emission characteristics before and after the ultra-low emission retrofit,the collaborative control effect of the combined process on SO_(2),NO_(x),particulate matter,and dioxins after the new retrofit was systematically evaluated.The results show that after the retrofit,the concentrations of particulate matter,SO_(2) and NO_(x) have dropped to near-zero levels,and the dioxin removal efficiency has reached 98.87%,with all indicators being better than the national ultra-low emission standards.The study confirms that the optimal combination of multi-pollutant collaborative treatment technologies is the key to achieving efficient emission reduction,among which selective catalytic reduction technology has a particularly significant synergistic removal effect on NO_(x) and dioxins.This study provides an important technical reference and practical basis for the ultra-low emission retrofit of the steel industry,and has important guiding significance for promoting the green retrofit of the industry.Its ultra-low emission retrofit is of great significance for achieving green and low-carbon development.展开更多
In the present work, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method(ISBM) is developed for analyzing the performance of bottom standing submerged permeable breakwaters in regular normally incident waves...In the present work, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method(ISBM) is developed for analyzing the performance of bottom standing submerged permeable breakwaters in regular normally incident waves and in the proximity of a vertical wall. Both single and dual prismatic breakwaters of rectangular and trapezoidal forms are examined. The physical problem is cast in terms of the Laplace equation governing an irrotational flow and incompressible fluid motion with appropriate mixed type boundary conditions, and solved numerically using the ISBM. To model the permeability of the breakwaters fully absorbing boundary conditions are assumed. Numerical results are presented in terms of hydrodynamic quantities of the reflection coefficients. These are firstly validated against the results of a multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) developed independently for a previous study. The agreement between the results of the two methods is excellent. The coefficients of reflection are then computed and discussed for a variety of structural conditions including the breakwaters height, width, spacing, and absorbing permeability. Effects of the proximity of the vertical plane wall are also investigated. The breakwater's width is found to have only marginal effects compared with its height. Permeability tends to decrease the minimum reflections. These coefficients show periodic variations with the spacing relative to the wavelength. Trapezoidal breakwaters are found to be more cost-effective than the rectangular breakwaters. Dual breakwater systems are confirmed to perform much better than single structures.展开更多
AIM: To record aberrations with a corneal topographic device on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. ...AIM: To record aberrations with a corneal topographic device on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGP on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction.METHODS: The study objects were 24 eyes from 24 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry and corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses everyday for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 minutes, 1 day, 3, 7 and 14 days following use.RESULTS: Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results were as follows: root mean square (RMS) (pre)=(1.438± 0.328)μm, RMS (30 minutes) =(1.076 ±0.355)μm, RMS (1 day) =(1.362 ±0.402)μm, RMS (3 days) =(1.373 ±0.398)μm, RMS (7 days) =(1.387 ±0.415)μm, and RMS (14 days) = (1.430±0.423)μm. Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations change. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4 th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant differences compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly. Z5 and Z6 remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use. At 14 days after discontinued use, all aberrations were notsignificantly different from the values prior to use.CONCLUSION: The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations (including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 14 days after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.展开更多
AIM To prepare valaciclovir polybutylcyan_ oacrylate nanoparticles (VACV PBCA NP) with liver targeting and hepatocyte permeable characteristics. METHODS Emulsion polymerization method was employed to prepare V...AIM To prepare valaciclovir polybutylcyan_ oacrylate nanoparticles (VACV PBCA NP) with liver targeting and hepatocyte permeable characteristics. METHODS Emulsion polymerization method was employed to prepare VACV PBCA NP. The formula and preparation conditions were optimized by using the uniform design. The organ distribution of the intravenously injected VACV PBCA NP and VACV in animal was determined using HPLC. The hepatocytes permeability of VACV PBCA NP was demonstrated by cell uptake experiment in vitro . RESULTS The drug loading and the drug embedding ratio of VACV PBCA NP were 11 20% and 84 85% respectively, with an average diameter of 104 77nm ± 11 78nm . The releasing characteristics in vitro fitted the two phase kinetics. 74 49% of the drug was found to localize in the liver 15min after the administration of VACV PBCA NP in the mice. Compared with VACV, VACV PBCA NP showed distinct characteristic of sustained release in vivo and the drug entering hepatocytes were also greatly increased. CONCLUSION VACV PBCA NP has the char_ acteristic of liver targeting and can increase the permeability of VACV to hepatocytes.展开更多
The steel slag （SS） permeable concrete was prepared by SS. The influences of the aggregate-cement rate, the aggregate particle size, the water-cement rate, the admixture dosage and other factors on the permeability ...The steel slag （SS） permeable concrete was prepared by SS. The influences of the aggregate-cement rate, the aggregate particle size, the water-cement rate, the admixture dosage and other factors on the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete were analyzed. The law of influence was also investigated. The study serves as a technological reference for the construction and design of SS permeable concrete.展开更多
AIMTo determine the impact of rigid gas permeable (RGP) and silicone-hydrogel keratoconus lenses on the quality of life (QoL) in keratoconus (KCN) patients using the self-reported results from the Contact Lens Impact ...AIMTo determine the impact of rigid gas permeable (RGP) and silicone-hydrogel keratoconus lenses on the quality of life (QoL) in keratoconus (KCN) patients using the self-reported results from the Contact Lens Impact on Quality of Life (CLIQ) Questionnaire.METHODSFrom January 2013 to April 2013, 27 consecutive KCN patients who wore RGP contact lenses (conflexair100 UV KE Zeiss-Wöhlk) or soft silicone-hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs) for KCN (KeraSoft IC- Bausch&Lomb or Hydrocone Toris K-Swiss lens) completed the CLIQ questionnaire.RESULTSThe mean age of 27 patients was 29.6±8.0y. Fifteen patients were RGP user. The groups were comparable with respect to the mean patient age, sex, and mean K values (P=0.1, P=0.8 and P=0.1, respectively). The mean CLIQperson measure was 42.8±5.5 in RGP group and 39.6±5.5 in SHCLs for KCN group (P=0.06). CLIQperson measure was positively correlated with steep K value (r=0.301, P=0.04). When eyes were stratified by visual acuity with contact lenses, the mean CLIQperson measure was 42.01±5.6 in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/20-20/25 (n=44) and 38.4±5.26 in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/32 or less (n=10; P=0.097).CONCLUSIONRGP lenses and SHCLs for KCN have similar impact on QoL.展开更多
In mature reservoirs,the success of preformed particle gel（PPG） treatment rests primarily on the ability of the PPG to reduce and/or plug the high permeable formations,but not damage the low permeable formations.Sta...In mature reservoirs,the success of preformed particle gel（PPG） treatment rests primarily on the ability of the PPG to reduce and/or plug the high permeable formations,but not damage the low permeable formations.Static test models（filtration test model and pressure test model）were used to determine the effect of PPG on low permeable formations.This work used a strong preformed particle gel,Daqing（DQ） gel made by a Chinese company.The particle gel sizes were ranged from 30 to 120 mesh for this work.PPGs are sized in a millimeter or micrometer,which can absorb over a hundred times their weight in liquids.The gel strength was approximately 6500 Pa for a completely swollen PPG with 1 %（weight percentage） NaCl solution（brine）.0.05 %,1 %,and 10 % NaCl solutions were used in experiments.Sandstone core permeability was measured before and after PPG treatments.The relationship between cumulative filtration volumes versus filtration times was determined.The results indicate that DQ gels of a particle size of 30–80 mesh did not damage the cores of a low permeability of 3–25 m D.The DQ gels of a smaller particle size ranging from 100 to 120 mesh damaged the core and a cake was formed on the core surface.The results also indicate that more damage occurred when a high load pressure（400 psi） was applied on the high permeability cores（290–310 m D）.The penetration of the particle gelsinto the low permeable formations can be decreased by the best selection of gel types,particle sizes,and brine concentrations.展开更多
To analyze and depict complicated fluid behaviors in fractured porous media with variably permeable matrix,an integrated discrete computational algorithm is proposed based on lattice Boltzmann method（LBM）.This paper...To analyze and depict complicated fluid behaviors in fractured porous media with variably permeable matrix,an integrated discrete computational algorithm is proposed based on lattice Boltzmann method（LBM）.This paper combines with the external force model and statistical material physics to effectively describe the feature changes while the fluid passes through the fractures within the permeable matrix.As an application example,a two dimensional rock sample is reconstructed using the digital image and characterized with different feature values at each LBM grid to distinguish pores,impermeable and permeable matrix by stating its local physical property.Compared with the conventional LBM,the results demonstrate the advantages of proposed algorithm in modeling fluid flow phenomenon in fractured porous media with variably permeable matrix.展开更多
A permeable interface crack between elastic dielectric material and piezoelectric material is studied based on the extended Stroh＇s formalism. Motivated by strong engineering demands to design new composite materials...A permeable interface crack between elastic dielectric material and piezoelectric material is studied based on the extended Stroh＇s formalism. Motivated by strong engineering demands to design new composite materials, the authors perform numerical analysis of interface crack tip singularities and the crack tip energy release rates for 35 types of dissimilar bimaterials, respectively, which are constructed by five kinds of elastic dielectric materials： Epoxy, Polymer, Al2O3, SiC, and Si3N4 and seven kinds of practical piezoelectric ceramics： PZT-4, BaTiO3, PZT-5H, PZT-6B, PZT-TA, P-7, and PZT-PIC 151, respectively. The elastic dielectric material with much smaller permittivity than commercial piezoelectric ceramics is treated as a special transversely isotropic piezoelectric material with extremely small piezoelectricity. The present investigation shows that the structure of the singular field near the permeable interface crack tip consists of three singularities： r^-1/2±iε and r^-1/2, which is quite different from that in the impermeable interface crack. It can be concluded that different far field loading cases have significant influence on the near-tip fracture behaviors of the permeable interface crack. Based on the present theoretical treatment and numerical analysis, the electric field induced crack growth is well explained, which provides a better understanding of the failure mechanism induced from interface crack growth in elastic dielectric/piezoelectric bimaterials.展开更多
The visualization experiments were carried out to investigate the permeability of the high permeable medium (HPM) and the roles of the peel ply and the HPM in the mold filling.The influence of process parameters on m...The visualization experiments were carried out to investigate the permeability of the high permeable medium (HPM) and the roles of the peel ply and the HPM in the mold filling.The influence of process parameters on mold filling is discussed.Furthermore,the whole vacuum infusion molding process (VIMP) procedure is introduced in detail taking the manufacture of a model boat for example.展开更多
This paper set up a series of comprehensive targets based on the concept of＇anti-freeze filler＇, which include reasonable water retention rate, frost heave characteristics, and compaction characteristics of filling ...This paper set up a series of comprehensive targets based on the concept of＇anti-freeze filler＇, which include reasonable water retention rate, frost heave characteristics, and compaction characteristics of filling material. Then, a type of permeable graded gravel is proposed, suitable for high-speed railway subgrade. A series of in-door water retention, permeability, and frost heave tests were performed under different graded conditions. Water retention, permeability, and frost heave characteristic of dif- ferent graded filling materials can be determined, in order to define the gradation range of permeable graded gravel. Relying on the frost-heave monitoring record of high speed railway in Northeast China, a series of experimental studies were per- formed, which included on-site filler production, compaction test, and the anti-frost effect test, in order to improve the pro- duction and compaction techniques of permeable graded gravel. From the research of this paper, the use of permeable graded gravel subgrade as the anti-frost structure for the high-speed railway subgrade in cold areas is feasible.展开更多
New empirical formulas of the transmission coefficient for permeable breakwaters were suggested based on available experimental data regarding the low-crest structure （LCS）, including the permeable rubble mound brea...New empirical formulas of the transmission coefficient for permeable breakwaters were suggested based on available experimental data regarding the low-crest structure （LCS）, including the permeable rubble mound breakwater and pile-type breakwater. The rationality of the present formulas was verified by their comparison with existing empirical and analytical formulas. Numerical flume results were obtained by solving the modified Boussinessq-type wave equations （MBEs）, and a new expression relating the friction coefficient of to the relative submerged depth Rt/H8 was also derived. Comparative analysis shows that the results of the present formulas agree with the numerical flume results as well as available experimental data, and the present formulas are superior to the existing empirical and analytical expressions in estimating the transmission coefficient. The present formulas can provide references for estimation of the transmission coefficient in engineering practice.展开更多
The resin-sand mixture was proposed to be used as the surface course,and cement permeable concrete was used as the base course;such two kinds of materials were combined to prepare water-permeable brick with a composit...The resin-sand mixture was proposed to be used as the surface course,and cement permeable concrete was used as the base course;such two kinds of materials were combined to prepare water-permeable brick with a composite structure.The compressive strength,flexural strength,and permeability were studied by using adjusting the contents of carbon fiber,quartz powder,cement,sand,and surfactant.The study shows that the hydrophilicity of the resin-sand mixture can be improved after any amount of resin is replaced by quartz powder;by using the surfactant,the interface energy of the particles can be reduced so that the water permeability of the surface course can be promoted effectively.However,the mechanical properties of the surface course were negatively affected by the surfactant.With the optimal process consideration in the experiments,the properties about compressive strength,flexural strength,and permeability of the composite permeable brick can meet the requirements of the specifications of resin-sand based water permeable brick JGT 376-2012(compressive strength was higher than 35 MPa,the flexural strength exceeded 5.19 MPa,and the average permeability coefficient was higher than 2.3×10^(-2)cm/s).There are no obvious pores on the surface course and only water molecules can pass through it,therefore,the surface of the permeable brick cannot be blocked up by solid substances,and the permeability of such permeable brick can be improved effectively in this way.展开更多
The prevalence of keratoconus is 1/2000 in the general population and is high in adolescents.Keratoconus is a progressive disease,which has a great impact on patients’quality of life and mental health.It can be manag...The prevalence of keratoconus is 1/2000 in the general population and is high in adolescents.Keratoconus is a progressive disease,which has a great impact on patients’quality of life and mental health.It can be managed by surgical and non-surgical means,rigid gas permeable(RGP)contact lens as its main non-surgical method is widely used in clinic.The efficacy of wearing RGP contact lens has been confirmed to some extent,but some studies have found that wearing RGP contact lens has adverse effects,which may promote disease progression.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of RGP contact lens in controlling keratoconus were reviewed to provide more suggestions and references for the clinical application of RGP contact lens.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978157).
文摘Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)with biochar-iron composites.In this work,biochar-iron composites were synthesized by two different methods,and subjected to the microscopic analysis,batch experiments and the PRB’s model tests.The results indicated that the removal rates of TCE on biochar-iron composites reached above 90%,and the optimal removal conditions were the initial pH of 6.0 and a biochar/iron mass ratio of 5:1.The removal of TCE on biochar-iron composites followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models,and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCE was 25.95 mg/g.The adsorption of biochar and dechlorination of nZVI dominated the removal of TCE.Biochar significantly enhanced the dechlorination of TCE on nZVI through modifying the electrochemical characteristics to lower its corrosion potential of nZVI,promote direct electron transfer,and improve electronic transfer capability.M-5BC-1nZVI exhibited excellent hydraulic performance for maintaining an adequate permeability coefficient(10^(−6)to 10^(−5)m/s).
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2024YFB4405300 and 2022YFA1204300the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant 2023JJ20016+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants of 52221001 and 62090035the Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province under grants of 2022GK3002 and 2023GK2012the Key Program of Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province under grant of 2020XK2001。
文摘Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system that overcomes these challenges by combining electrospun SEBS nanofiber mats,high-resolution liquid metal conductors patterned via thermal imprinting(50μm),and a strain isolators(SIL)that protects vertical interconnects(VIAs)from stress concentration.This architecture achieves ultrahigh air permeability(>5.09 m L cm^(-2)min^(-1)),exceptional stretchability(750%fracture strain),and reliable conductivity maintained through more than 32,500 strain cycles.Leveraging these advances,we have integrated multilayer circuits,strain sensors,and a three-axis accelerometer to achieve a fully integrated,stretchable,permeable wireless real-time gesture recognition glove.The system enables accurate sign language interpretation(98%)and seamless robotic hand control,demonstrating its potential for assistive technologies.By uniting comfort,durability,and high-density integration,this work establishes a versatile platform for nextgeneration wearable electronics and interactive human-robot interfaces.
基金Project(2024JJ2073)supported by the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(2023YFC3807205,2019YFC1904704)+4 种基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(52178443)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024ZZTS0109)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China。
文摘Permeable roads generally exhibit inferior mechanical properties and shorter service life than traditional dense-graded/impermeable roads.Furthermore,the incorporation of recycled aggregates in their construction may exacerbate these limitations.To address these issues,this study introduced a novel cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate material.A total of 162 beam specimens prepared with nine different levels of cement-aggregate ratio were tested to evaluate their permeability,bending load,and bending fatigue life.The experimental results indicate that increasing the content of recycled aggregates led to a reduction in both permeability and bending load.Additionally,the inclusion of recycled aggregates diminished the energy dissipation capacity of the specimens.These findings were used to establish a robust relationship between the initial damage in cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate material specimens and their fatigue life,and to propose a predictive model for their fatigue performance.Further,a method for assessing fatigue damage based on the evolution of fatigue-induced strain and energy dissipation was developed.The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanical behavior and fatigue performance of cement-stabilized permeable recycled aggregate materials,offering guidance for the design of low-carbon-emission,permeable,and durable roadways incorporating recycled aggregates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52168046 and 52178321)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(Grant No.2021AC18019).
文摘Precast driven piles are extensively used for infrastructure on soft soils,but the buildup of excess pore water pressure associated with pile driving is a challenging issue.The process of soil consolidation could take several months.Measures are sought to shorten the drainage path in the ground,and permeable pipe pile is a concept that involves drainage channels at the peak pore pressure locations around the pile circumference.Centrifuge tests were conducted to understand the responses of permeable pipe pile treated ground,experiencing the whole pile driving,soil consolidating,and axially loading process.Results show that the dissipation rate of pore pressures can be improved,especially at a greater depth or at a shorter distance from the pile,since the local hydraulic gradient was higher.Less significant buildup of pore pressures can be anticipated with the use of permeable pipe pile.For this,the bearing capacity of composite foundation with permeable pipe pile can be increased by over 36.9%,compared to the case with normal pipe pile at a specific time period.All these demonstrate the ability of permeable pipe pile in accelerating the consolidation process,mobilizing the bearing capacity of treated ground at an early stage,and minimizing the set-up effect.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232023Y-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(No.CUSF-DH-D-2023015).
文摘Current protective clothing often lacks sufficient comfort to ensure efficient performance of healthcare workers.Developing protective textiles with high air and moisture permeability is a potential and effective solution to discomfort of medical protective clothing.However,realizing the facile production of a protective textile that combines safety and comfort remains a challenge.Herein,we report the fabrication of highly permeable protective textiles(HPPT)with micro/nano-networks,using non-solvent induced phase separation synergistically driven by CaCl_(2) and fluorinated polyurethane,combined with spraying technique.The HPPT demonstrates excellent liquid repellency and comfort,ensuring high safety and a dry microenvironment for the wearer.The textile exhibits not only a high hydrostatic pressure(12.86 kPa)due to its tailored small mean pore size(1.03μm)and chemical composition,but also demonstrates excellent air permeability(14.24 mm s^(−1))and moisture permeability(7.92 kg m^(−2)d^(−1))owing to the rational combination of small pore size and high porosity(69%).The HPPT offers superior comfort compared to the commercially available protective materials.Additionally,we elucidated a molding mechanism synergistically inducted by diffusion-dissolution-phase separation.This research provides an innovative perspective on enhancing the comfort of medical protective clothing and offers theoretical support for regulating of pore structure during phase separations.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Project,China(Grant No.:ZR2021LZY039)Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan,China(Grant No.:2021ZB184)。
文摘Microneedles(MNs)have attracted increasing attention as a transdermal delivery system(TDDS)[1].However,traditional volatile Chinese medicines cannot be dissolved in conventional soluble MN materials,such as hyaluronic acid and chitosan,making it difficult for many traditional Chinese medicine ingredients to be applied to MN.Elemene(ELE)was successfully isolated from Curcuma longa,and has numerous antitumor and curative effects[2].
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7FA070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22406076,22466026)the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202301BE070001-017,202401CF070139,202401AS070085)。
文摘Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of pollutants.Under the background of ultra-low emissions,iron and steel enterprises urgently need to upgrade their existing processes to address the existing process in practical application problems.In this study,a steel group in Gansu Province was taken as an example.By comparing and analyzing the pollutant emission characteristics before and after the ultra-low emission retrofit,the collaborative control effect of the combined process on SO_(2),NO_(x),particulate matter,and dioxins after the new retrofit was systematically evaluated.The results show that after the retrofit,the concentrations of particulate matter,SO_(2) and NO_(x) have dropped to near-zero levels,and the dioxin removal efficiency has reached 98.87%,with all indicators being better than the national ultra-low emission standards.The study confirms that the optimal combination of multi-pollutant collaborative treatment technologies is the key to achieving efficient emission reduction,among which selective catalytic reduction technology has a particularly significant synergistic removal effect on NO_(x) and dioxins.This study provides an important technical reference and practical basis for the ultra-low emission retrofit of the steel industry,and has important guiding significance for promoting the green retrofit of the industry.Its ultra-low emission retrofit is of great significance for achieving green and low-carbon development.
基金financially supported by the Direction Général des Enseignements et de la Formation Supérieure of Algeria(Grant CNEPRU No.G0301920140029)
文摘In the present work, the improved version of the meshless singular boundary method(ISBM) is developed for analyzing the performance of bottom standing submerged permeable breakwaters in regular normally incident waves and in the proximity of a vertical wall. Both single and dual prismatic breakwaters of rectangular and trapezoidal forms are examined. The physical problem is cast in terms of the Laplace equation governing an irrotational flow and incompressible fluid motion with appropriate mixed type boundary conditions, and solved numerically using the ISBM. To model the permeability of the breakwaters fully absorbing boundary conditions are assumed. Numerical results are presented in terms of hydrodynamic quantities of the reflection coefficients. These are firstly validated against the results of a multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) developed independently for a previous study. The agreement between the results of the two methods is excellent. The coefficients of reflection are then computed and discussed for a variety of structural conditions including the breakwaters height, width, spacing, and absorbing permeability. Effects of the proximity of the vertical plane wall are also investigated. The breakwater's width is found to have only marginal effects compared with its height. Permeability tends to decrease the minimum reflections. These coefficients show periodic variations with the spacing relative to the wavelength. Trapezoidal breakwaters are found to be more cost-effective than the rectangular breakwaters. Dual breakwater systems are confirmed to perform much better than single structures.
文摘AIM: To record aberrations with a corneal topographic device on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGP on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction.METHODS: The study objects were 24 eyes from 24 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry and corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses everyday for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 minutes, 1 day, 3, 7 and 14 days following use.RESULTS: Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results were as follows: root mean square (RMS) (pre)=(1.438± 0.328)μm, RMS (30 minutes) =(1.076 ±0.355)μm, RMS (1 day) =(1.362 ±0.402)μm, RMS (3 days) =(1.373 ±0.398)μm, RMS (7 days) =(1.387 ±0.415)μm, and RMS (14 days) = (1.430±0.423)μm. Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations change. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4 th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant differences compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly. Z5 and Z6 remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use. At 14 days after discontinued use, all aberrations were notsignificantly different from the values prior to use.CONCLUSION: The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2 ndand 3 rd-order aberrations (including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 14 days after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.
文摘AIM To prepare valaciclovir polybutylcyan_ oacrylate nanoparticles (VACV PBCA NP) with liver targeting and hepatocyte permeable characteristics. METHODS Emulsion polymerization method was employed to prepare VACV PBCA NP. The formula and preparation conditions were optimized by using the uniform design. The organ distribution of the intravenously injected VACV PBCA NP and VACV in animal was determined using HPLC. The hepatocytes permeability of VACV PBCA NP was demonstrated by cell uptake experiment in vitro . RESULTS The drug loading and the drug embedding ratio of VACV PBCA NP were 11 20% and 84 85% respectively, with an average diameter of 104 77nm ± 11 78nm . The releasing characteristics in vitro fitted the two phase kinetics. 74 49% of the drug was found to localize in the liver 15min after the administration of VACV PBCA NP in the mice. Compared with VACV, VACV PBCA NP showed distinct characteristic of sustained release in vivo and the drug entering hepatocytes were also greatly increased. CONCLUSION VACV PBCA NP has the char_ acteristic of liver targeting and can increase the permeability of VACV to hepatocytes.
文摘The steel slag （SS） permeable concrete was prepared by SS. The influences of the aggregate-cement rate, the aggregate particle size, the water-cement rate, the admixture dosage and other factors on the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete were analyzed. The law of influence was also investigated. The study serves as a technological reference for the construction and design of SS permeable concrete.
文摘AIMTo determine the impact of rigid gas permeable (RGP) and silicone-hydrogel keratoconus lenses on the quality of life (QoL) in keratoconus (KCN) patients using the self-reported results from the Contact Lens Impact on Quality of Life (CLIQ) Questionnaire.METHODSFrom January 2013 to April 2013, 27 consecutive KCN patients who wore RGP contact lenses (conflexair100 UV KE Zeiss-Wöhlk) or soft silicone-hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs) for KCN (KeraSoft IC- Bausch&Lomb or Hydrocone Toris K-Swiss lens) completed the CLIQ questionnaire.RESULTSThe mean age of 27 patients was 29.6±8.0y. Fifteen patients were RGP user. The groups were comparable with respect to the mean patient age, sex, and mean K values (P=0.1, P=0.8 and P=0.1, respectively). The mean CLIQperson measure was 42.8±5.5 in RGP group and 39.6±5.5 in SHCLs for KCN group (P=0.06). CLIQperson measure was positively correlated with steep K value (r=0.301, P=0.04). When eyes were stratified by visual acuity with contact lenses, the mean CLIQperson measure was 42.01±5.6 in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/20-20/25 (n=44) and 38.4±5.26 in eyes with a visual acuity of 20/32 or less (n=10; P=0.097).CONCLUSIONRGP lenses and SHCLs for KCN have similar impact on QoL.
基金the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) for its financial support for this work
文摘In mature reservoirs,the success of preformed particle gel（PPG） treatment rests primarily on the ability of the PPG to reduce and/or plug the high permeable formations,but not damage the low permeable formations.Static test models（filtration test model and pressure test model）were used to determine the effect of PPG on low permeable formations.This work used a strong preformed particle gel,Daqing（DQ） gel made by a Chinese company.The particle gel sizes were ranged from 30 to 120 mesh for this work.PPGs are sized in a millimeter or micrometer,which can absorb over a hundred times their weight in liquids.The gel strength was approximately 6500 Pa for a completely swollen PPG with 1 %（weight percentage） NaCl solution（brine）.0.05 %,1 %,and 10 % NaCl solutions were used in experiments.Sandstone core permeability was measured before and after PPG treatments.The relationship between cumulative filtration volumes versus filtration times was determined.The results indicate that DQ gels of a particle size of 30–80 mesh did not damage the cores of a low permeability of 3–25 m D.The DQ gels of a smaller particle size ranging from 100 to 120 mesh damaged the core and a cake was formed on the core surface.The results also indicate that more damage occurred when a high load pressure（400 psi） was applied on the high permeability cores（290–310 m D）.The penetration of the particle gelsinto the low permeable formations can be decreased by the best selection of gel types,particle sizes,and brine concentrations.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC DP066620,LP0560932,LX0989423 and DP110103024)
文摘To analyze and depict complicated fluid behaviors in fractured porous media with variably permeable matrix,an integrated discrete computational algorithm is proposed based on lattice Boltzmann method（LBM）.This paper combines with the external force model and statistical material physics to effectively describe the feature changes while the fluid passes through the fractures within the permeable matrix.As an application example,a two dimensional rock sample is reconstructed using the digital image and characterized with different feature values at each LBM grid to distinguish pores,impermeable and permeable matrix by stating its local physical property.Compared with the conventional LBM,the results demonstrate the advantages of proposed algorithm in modeling fluid flow phenomenon in fractured porous media with variably permeable matrix.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10572110)Doctor Foundation of the Chinese Education MinistryDoctorate Foundation of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
文摘A permeable interface crack between elastic dielectric material and piezoelectric material is studied based on the extended Stroh＇s formalism. Motivated by strong engineering demands to design new composite materials, the authors perform numerical analysis of interface crack tip singularities and the crack tip energy release rates for 35 types of dissimilar bimaterials, respectively, which are constructed by five kinds of elastic dielectric materials： Epoxy, Polymer, Al2O3, SiC, and Si3N4 and seven kinds of practical piezoelectric ceramics： PZT-4, BaTiO3, PZT-5H, PZT-6B, PZT-TA, P-7, and PZT-PIC 151, respectively. The elastic dielectric material with much smaller permittivity than commercial piezoelectric ceramics is treated as a special transversely isotropic piezoelectric material with extremely small piezoelectricity. The present investigation shows that the structure of the singular field near the permeable interface crack tip consists of three singularities： r^-1/2±iε and r^-1/2, which is quite different from that in the impermeable interface crack. It can be concluded that different far field loading cases have significant influence on the near-tip fracture behaviors of the permeable interface crack. Based on the present theoretical treatment and numerical analysis, the electric field induced crack growth is well explained, which provides a better understanding of the failure mechanism induced from interface crack growth in elastic dielectric/piezoelectric bimaterials.
文摘The visualization experiments were carried out to investigate the permeability of the high permeable medium (HPM) and the roles of the peel ply and the HPM in the mold filling.The influence of process parameters on mold filling is discussed.Furthermore,the whole vacuum infusion molding process (VIMP) procedure is introduced in detail taking the manufacture of a model boat for example.
基金supported by the China Railways Corporation research projects entitled"The technical tests for the high speed railway subgrade frost heave prevention in the alpine"(Project No.Z2013-038)The long term observation of frost-heave technology for Ha-Da high-speed railway during the operation(Project No.Z2012-062)+2 种基金Optimal design for high-speed railway subgrade structure under different grade and environment(Project No.2014G003-A)from the Railway Scientific and Technological Research and Development Center called"The mechanism and evolution rule of the graded gravel under freeze and thawing cycles for the high speed railway"(Project No.J2014G003)The disease control technology and equipment of gradating gravel in surface layer of subgrade bed(Project No.2013YJ032)
文摘This paper set up a series of comprehensive targets based on the concept of＇anti-freeze filler＇, which include reasonable water retention rate, frost heave characteristics, and compaction characteristics of filling material. Then, a type of permeable graded gravel is proposed, suitable for high-speed railway subgrade. A series of in-door water retention, permeability, and frost heave tests were performed under different graded conditions. Water retention, permeability, and frost heave characteristic of dif- ferent graded filling materials can be determined, in order to define the gradation range of permeable graded gravel. Relying on the frost-heave monitoring record of high speed railway in Northeast China, a series of experimental studies were per- formed, which included on-site filler production, compaction test, and the anti-frost effect test, in order to improve the pro- duction and compaction techniques of permeable graded gravel. From the research of this paper, the use of permeable graded gravel subgrade as the anti-frost structure for the high-speed railway subgrade in cold areas is feasible.
基金supported by the Key Project in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program for the Twelfth Five-Year Plan Period(Grant No.2012BAB03B01)the Jiangsu Provincial Post-Doctoral Support Plan(Grant No.20100197)
文摘New empirical formulas of the transmission coefficient for permeable breakwaters were suggested based on available experimental data regarding the low-crest structure （LCS）, including the permeable rubble mound breakwater and pile-type breakwater. The rationality of the present formulas was verified by their comparison with existing empirical and analytical formulas. Numerical flume results were obtained by solving the modified Boussinessq-type wave equations （MBEs）, and a new expression relating the friction coefficient of to the relative submerged depth Rt/H8 was also derived. Comparative analysis shows that the results of the present formulas agree with the numerical flume results as well as available experimental data, and the present formulas are superior to the existing empirical and analytical expressions in estimating the transmission coefficient. The present formulas can provide references for estimation of the transmission coefficient in engineering practice.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2016J01241)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608212)the Education Department of Fujian Province(No.JA14024)。
文摘The resin-sand mixture was proposed to be used as the surface course,and cement permeable concrete was used as the base course;such two kinds of materials were combined to prepare water-permeable brick with a composite structure.The compressive strength,flexural strength,and permeability were studied by using adjusting the contents of carbon fiber,quartz powder,cement,sand,and surfactant.The study shows that the hydrophilicity of the resin-sand mixture can be improved after any amount of resin is replaced by quartz powder;by using the surfactant,the interface energy of the particles can be reduced so that the water permeability of the surface course can be promoted effectively.However,the mechanical properties of the surface course were negatively affected by the surfactant.With the optimal process consideration in the experiments,the properties about compressive strength,flexural strength,and permeability of the composite permeable brick can meet the requirements of the specifications of resin-sand based water permeable brick JGT 376-2012(compressive strength was higher than 35 MPa,the flexural strength exceeded 5.19 MPa,and the average permeability coefficient was higher than 2.3×10^(-2)cm/s).There are no obvious pores on the surface course and only water molecules can pass through it,therefore,the surface of the permeable brick cannot be blocked up by solid substances,and the permeability of such permeable brick can be improved effectively in this way.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81670837,No.81170828)the Tianjin Science&Technology Foundation(No.15JCZDJC35300)the Tianjin Health and Family Planning Communication Foundation(No.14KG133)。
文摘The prevalence of keratoconus is 1/2000 in the general population and is high in adolescents.Keratoconus is a progressive disease,which has a great impact on patients’quality of life and mental health.It can be managed by surgical and non-surgical means,rigid gas permeable(RGP)contact lens as its main non-surgical method is widely used in clinic.The efficacy of wearing RGP contact lens has been confirmed to some extent,but some studies have found that wearing RGP contact lens has adverse effects,which may promote disease progression.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of RGP contact lens in controlling keratoconus were reviewed to provide more suggestions and references for the clinical application of RGP contact lens.
