The research about subsurface characteristics by using transient electromagnetic method（TEM） and high density resistivity method（HDRM） were already conducted in Ordos. The objective of this research is to detect c...The research about subsurface characteristics by using transient electromagnetic method（TEM） and high density resistivity method（HDRM） were already conducted in Ordos. The objective of this research is to detect coalmine goaf areas based on rock resistivity. The data processing using wavelet transform, three point smoothing, RES2 DINV and Maxwell processing software to obtain 2D resistivity structure. The results showed that the layers with maximum resistivity values（30e33 U m on Line 1, 30e31 U m on Line 2, 32e40 U m on Line3） are founded at station 1e7, and 14e20 on Line 1,13e18 on Line 2, and 8e13 and 16e20 on Line 3 which is predicted as goaf layer, and the minimum resistivity values（20e26 U m of TEM, 45e75 U m of HDRM） at the other layers. This resistivity difference was caused by the geology and characteristics of the study area which is located close by the cleugh with rich coal, so the goaf area distinguishable with aquifer layer and coal seam. The results were also significant accidents and serious destruction of ecological environment.展开更多
The detecting examples using the high density resistivity method, about the evaluation of containing water characteristic from the floor rock and the height of overburden failure, were given. It expresses that the hig...The detecting examples using the high density resistivity method, about the evaluation of containing water characteristic from the floor rock and the height of overburden failure, were given. It expresses that the high density resistivity method has good effect with strong maneuverability and continuous observing section during the prevention and cure for mine water disaster. At the same time, the article pointed out that the study of space data inversion and dynamic watching technology about the high density resistivity method must be enhanced in the future because of special condition of data collecting in mine.展开更多
High-density resistivity method is a new, efficient electrical prospecting method, which can complete a two-dimensional （vertical and horizontal） prospecting process, possesses certain imaging functions for the geo-...High-density resistivity method is a new, efficient electrical prospecting method, which can complete a two-dimensional （vertical and horizontal） prospecting process, possesses certain imaging functions for the geo-electric structure, and integrates electric profiling method with electric sounding method together. In this paper, the basic principle, data processing, and result explanation and inference of high- density resistivity method are introduced by taking the application of high-density resistivity method to the prospecting project in the slope of Gongchangling Open Pit, Liaoyang. The result of the prospecting result map analysis showed that the prospecting result was basically in line with the actual situation and proved the great significance of high-density resistivity method to the evaluation on the slope stability of Gongchangling open pit.展开更多
Based on the relationship between the diameter and buried depth of goal, the authors establish the forward modeling by Res2dmod and inverse the model by Res2dinv. Thus, three kinds of models are obtained ： the model ...Based on the relationship between the diameter and buried depth of goal, the authors establish the forward modeling by Res2dmod and inverse the model by Res2dinv. Thus, three kinds of models are obtained ： the model of single resistivity anomalous body, model of double different distance resistivity anomalous body, and model of layered resistivity anomalous body. Using forward and inversion, the image of detection is simulated, and the reliability is proved by comparing with the engineering examples.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to explore the spatial distribution and influence range of the mined-out area of a coal mine in Hebei Province,the advantages of ultra-high density resistivity method,such as large data...The purpose of this research is to explore the spatial distribution and influence range of the mined-out area of a coal mine in Hebei Province,the advantages of ultra-high density resistivity method,such as large data volume,high efficiency and high precision,are brought into full play,the abnormal patterns of dislocation and partial drainage area of shallow continuous aquifer caused by subsidence zone are detected,and then the spatial distribution patterns of subsidence and fractures caused by deep mining subsidence zone are deduced,this method not only extends the exploration range of high-density resistivity method in mining subsidence disaster assessment,but also improves the accuracy of measurement,the distribution and influence range of mined-out area are revealed accurately,and good exploration results have been obtained in this project.How to select reasonable geophysical prospecting methods and give full play to the role of geophysical prospecting methods according to the geological characteristics of the study area,this exploration work is not only a good combination of geophysical prospecting methods and actual geological conditions,it also provides a valuable reference version for the exploration work under the same geological conditions.展开更多
The Jiaoshiba shale gasfield is located in the Fuling area of the Sichuan Basin,with the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm as the pay zone.At the bottom of the pay zone,a high-quality shale gas reserv...The Jiaoshiba shale gasfield is located in the Fuling area of the Sichuan Basin,with the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm as the pay zone.At the bottom of the pay zone,a high-quality shale gas reservoir about 20 m thick is generally developed with high organic contents and gas abundance,but its resistivity is relatively low.Accordingly,the gas saturation calculated by formulas(e.g.Archie)using electric logging data is often much lower than the experiment-derived value.In this paper,a new method was presented for calculating gas saturation more accurately based on non-electric logging data.Firstly,the causes for the low resistivity of shale gas reservoirs in this area were analyzed.Then,the limitation of traditional methods for calculating gas saturation based on electric logging data was diagnosed,and the feasibility of the neutronedensity porosity overlay method was illustrated.According to the response characteristics of neutron,density and other porosity logging in shale gas reservoirs,a model for calculating gas saturation of shale gas was established by core experimental calibration based on the density logging value,the density porosity and the difference between density porosity and neutron porosity,by means of multiple methods(e.g.the dual-porosity overlay method by optimizing the best overlay coefficient).This new method avoids the effect of low resistivity,and thus can provide normal calculated gas saturation of high-quality shale gas reservoirs.It works well in practical application.This new method provides a technical support for the calculation of shale gas reserves in this area.展开更多
As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequen...As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.展开更多
青藏高原东部金沙江高山峡谷发育有众多大型深层滑坡,复杂的地形地质环境与强烈的构造地质活动塑造出该区滑坡多层次、多期次、多类型叠加的演化过程。然而,针对高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构特征的研究,目前仍是地质灾害调查与防灾...青藏高原东部金沙江高山峡谷发育有众多大型深层滑坡,复杂的地形地质环境与强烈的构造地质活动塑造出该区滑坡多层次、多期次、多类型叠加的演化过程。然而,针对高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构特征的研究,目前仍是地质灾害调查与防灾减灾工作中的重点和难点。在金沙江流域巴塘县地巫乡段,分布着一系列大型深层滑坡,其中地巫乡滑坡变形显著,已实施村庄搬迁避让措施,但其深部结构特征仍不清晰。为进一步研究区域大型深层滑坡空间结构特征,综合采用现场调查、遥感解译、无人机激光探测与测距(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)航测、高密度电法和微动探测等多种技术,查明地巫乡滑坡空间发育特征。研究认为,地巫乡滑坡地表变形强烈,主要表现为拉张裂缝、挡墙开裂和下错陡坎等形式,滑坡区内共识别出152个次级滑坡;高密度电法结果显示,地巫乡滑坡整体呈低电阻率状态,局部区域呈现高电阻率状态;微动探测揭示了滑坡地层结构,可划分为浅表覆盖层、中-强风化基岩层和弱-未风化基岩层3层;综合两种物探手段的探测结果认为,该滑坡发育由2~3层滑带,滑带位置电阻率变化显著,多呈低阻状态,电阻率值为100~150Ω·m,最大埋深可达70 m。两种方法探测结果一致性较高,所获滑体厚度相对误差在10%以内。基于建立的高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构探测的物探响应技术流程,可以较好地指导高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡的空间结构探测。展开更多
Seawater intrusion is a global environmental problem that is becoming increasingly severe with the overexploitation of underground freshwater in coastal regions and sea-level rise caused by global climate change. Alth...Seawater intrusion is a global environmental problem that is becoming increasingly severe with the overexploitation of underground freshwater in coastal regions and sea-level rise caused by global climate change. Although a series of achievements has been made on seawater intrusion, the role of tidal effects has not been fully revealed. In this paper, a typical case of tidal effects on seawater intrusion is provided. The high-density resistivity method was applied to the high-frequency continuous measurement of the stratigraphic resistance of the south coast of the Laizhou Bay, followed by the panel data analysis method. The results indicate that the formation resistivity in coastal area was affected by the tidal level significantly, particularly in the seawater intrusion channel. The effect of tide on the intensity distribution of formation resistivity was evaluated using this method. Because of the presence of a brine layer in the section, the trends of the tidal level effect on the formation resistivity in the left and right sides of the section were opposite, and the intensity of the effect increased sideways.展开更多
In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature...In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature of the substrate,the platen power and the etching intermittence had important influence on the etching rate and the etching morphology of the UHRS.The profiles and morphologies of sidewall were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.By using an improved three-stage Bosch process,380-μm deep through holes were fabricated on the UHRS with the average etching rate of about 3.14 μm/min.Meanwhile,the fabrication mechanism of deep through holes on the UHRS by using the three-stage Bosch process was illustrated on the basis of the experimental results.展开更多
基金supported by the Institute of Seismology Foundation, China Earthquake Administration (201326126)
文摘The research about subsurface characteristics by using transient electromagnetic method（TEM） and high density resistivity method（HDRM） were already conducted in Ordos. The objective of this research is to detect coalmine goaf areas based on rock resistivity. The data processing using wavelet transform, three point smoothing, RES2 DINV and Maxwell processing software to obtain 2D resistivity structure. The results showed that the layers with maximum resistivity values（30e33 U m on Line 1, 30e31 U m on Line 2, 32e40 U m on Line3） are founded at station 1e7, and 14e20 on Line 1,13e18 on Line 2, and 8e13 and 16e20 on Line 3 which is predicted as goaf layer, and the minimum resistivity values（20e26 U m of TEM, 45e75 U m of HDRM） at the other layers. This resistivity difference was caused by the geology and characteristics of the study area which is located close by the cleugh with rich coal, so the goaf area distinguishable with aquifer layer and coal seam. The results were also significant accidents and serious destruction of ecological environment.
文摘The detecting examples using the high density resistivity method, about the evaluation of containing water characteristic from the floor rock and the height of overburden failure, were given. It expresses that the high density resistivity method has good effect with strong maneuverability and continuous observing section during the prevention and cure for mine water disaster. At the same time, the article pointed out that the study of space data inversion and dynamic watching technology about the high density resistivity method must be enhanced in the future because of special condition of data collecting in mine.
文摘High-density resistivity method is a new, efficient electrical prospecting method, which can complete a two-dimensional （vertical and horizontal） prospecting process, possesses certain imaging functions for the geo-electric structure, and integrates electric profiling method with electric sounding method together. In this paper, the basic principle, data processing, and result explanation and inference of high- density resistivity method are introduced by taking the application of high-density resistivity method to the prospecting project in the slope of Gongchangling Open Pit, Liaoyang. The result of the prospecting result map analysis showed that the prospecting result was basically in line with the actual situation and proved the great significance of high-density resistivity method to the evaluation on the slope stability of Gongchangling open pit.
文摘Based on the relationship between the diameter and buried depth of goal, the authors establish the forward modeling by Res2dmod and inverse the model by Res2dinv. Thus, three kinds of models are obtained ： the model of single resistivity anomalous body, model of double different distance resistivity anomalous body, and model of layered resistivity anomalous body. Using forward and inversion, the image of detection is simulated, and the reliability is proved by comparing with the engineering examples.
基金This study was supported by the geological project“Shendong-Jindong Large Coal Base 1:50000 Hydrogeological Geophysical Prospecting(G201611-4)”the project“Research on Physical Characteristics of Aquiferous Structure in Areas with Serious Water Shortage in Taihang Mountain(SK201303)”with basic scientific research expense.
文摘The purpose of this research is to explore the spatial distribution and influence range of the mined-out area of a coal mine in Hebei Province,the advantages of ultra-high density resistivity method,such as large data volume,high efficiency and high precision,are brought into full play,the abnormal patterns of dislocation and partial drainage area of shallow continuous aquifer caused by subsidence zone are detected,and then the spatial distribution patterns of subsidence and fractures caused by deep mining subsidence zone are deduced,this method not only extends the exploration range of high-density resistivity method in mining subsidence disaster assessment,but also improves the accuracy of measurement,the distribution and influence range of mined-out area are revealed accurately,and good exploration results have been obtained in this project.How to select reasonable geophysical prospecting methods and give full play to the role of geophysical prospecting methods according to the geological characteristics of the study area,this exploration work is not only a good combination of geophysical prospecting methods and actual geological conditions,it also provides a valuable reference version for the exploration work under the same geological conditions.
文摘The Jiaoshiba shale gasfield is located in the Fuling area of the Sichuan Basin,with the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm as the pay zone.At the bottom of the pay zone,a high-quality shale gas reservoir about 20 m thick is generally developed with high organic contents and gas abundance,but its resistivity is relatively low.Accordingly,the gas saturation calculated by formulas(e.g.Archie)using electric logging data is often much lower than the experiment-derived value.In this paper,a new method was presented for calculating gas saturation more accurately based on non-electric logging data.Firstly,the causes for the low resistivity of shale gas reservoirs in this area were analyzed.Then,the limitation of traditional methods for calculating gas saturation based on electric logging data was diagnosed,and the feasibility of the neutronedensity porosity overlay method was illustrated.According to the response characteristics of neutron,density and other porosity logging in shale gas reservoirs,a model for calculating gas saturation of shale gas was established by core experimental calibration based on the density logging value,the density porosity and the difference between density porosity and neutron porosity,by means of multiple methods(e.g.the dual-porosity overlay method by optimizing the best overlay coefficient).This new method avoids the effect of low resistivity,and thus can provide normal calculated gas saturation of high-quality shale gas reservoirs.It works well in practical application.This new method provides a technical support for the calculation of shale gas reserves in this area.
文摘As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.
文摘青藏高原东部金沙江高山峡谷发育有众多大型深层滑坡,复杂的地形地质环境与强烈的构造地质活动塑造出该区滑坡多层次、多期次、多类型叠加的演化过程。然而,针对高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构特征的研究,目前仍是地质灾害调查与防灾减灾工作中的重点和难点。在金沙江流域巴塘县地巫乡段,分布着一系列大型深层滑坡,其中地巫乡滑坡变形显著,已实施村庄搬迁避让措施,但其深部结构特征仍不清晰。为进一步研究区域大型深层滑坡空间结构特征,综合采用现场调查、遥感解译、无人机激光探测与测距(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)航测、高密度电法和微动探测等多种技术,查明地巫乡滑坡空间发育特征。研究认为,地巫乡滑坡地表变形强烈,主要表现为拉张裂缝、挡墙开裂和下错陡坎等形式,滑坡区内共识别出152个次级滑坡;高密度电法结果显示,地巫乡滑坡整体呈低电阻率状态,局部区域呈现高电阻率状态;微动探测揭示了滑坡地层结构,可划分为浅表覆盖层、中-强风化基岩层和弱-未风化基岩层3层;综合两种物探手段的探测结果认为,该滑坡发育由2~3层滑带,滑带位置电阻率变化显著,多呈低阻状态,电阻率值为100~150Ω·m,最大埋深可达70 m。两种方法探测结果一致性较高,所获滑体厚度相对误差在10%以内。基于建立的高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡空间结构探测的物探响应技术流程,可以较好地指导高山峡谷区大型深层滑坡的空间结构探测。
文摘Seawater intrusion is a global environmental problem that is becoming increasingly severe with the overexploitation of underground freshwater in coastal regions and sea-level rise caused by global climate change. Although a series of achievements has been made on seawater intrusion, the role of tidal effects has not been fully revealed. In this paper, a typical case of tidal effects on seawater intrusion is provided. The high-density resistivity method was applied to the high-frequency continuous measurement of the stratigraphic resistance of the south coast of the Laizhou Bay, followed by the panel data analysis method. The results indicate that the formation resistivity in coastal area was affected by the tidal level significantly, particularly in the seawater intrusion channel. The effect of tide on the intensity distribution of formation resistivity was evaluated using this method. Because of the presence of a brine layer in the section, the trends of the tidal level effect on the formation resistivity in the left and right sides of the section were opposite, and the intensity of the effect increased sideways.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61574108,61574112,61504099)
文摘In this paper,the etching characteristics of the ultra-high resistivity silicon（UHRS） by using the Bosch process were investigated.The experimental results indicated that the sulfur hexafluoride flux,the temperature of the substrate,the platen power and the etching intermittence had important influence on the etching rate and the etching morphology of the UHRS.The profiles and morphologies of sidewall were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.By using an improved three-stage Bosch process,380-μm deep through holes were fabricated on the UHRS with the average etching rate of about 3.14 μm/min.Meanwhile,the fabrication mechanism of deep through holes on the UHRS by using the three-stage Bosch process was illustrated on the basis of the experimental results.
