Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in...Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in Ukraine,particularly in the context of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict.We provide the first comprehensive assessment of both conflict-and non-conflict-related factors that influenced the distribution and productivity of Ukraine’s cropland from 2013 to 2023.In addition,we propose a novel method using machine learning models to isolate the impact of conflict on cropland.Our findings reveal that,prior to the conflict,the spatial pattern of Ukraine’s mean cultivation rate was primarily shaped by natural factors—such as climate,soil properties,and elevation—whereas socio-economic factors(e.g.,GDP and population size)exerted a weaker influence.Interannual dynamics in productive cropland area were largely driven by climate variability.The onset of conflict in 2022 dramatically altered this landscape,with nearly half of the cropland grid cells experiencing a conflict-induced reduction.Notably,almost half of the interannual reduction in productive cropland in 2022 was attributed to climate change.Remarkably,in 2023,the return of displaced populations and favorable climatic conditions in many oblasts contributed to a positive trend in cropland reclamation.Despite this,the total area of productive cropland in 2023 remained below expected levels,due to ongoing conflict and localized droughts.Finally,we highlight the urgent need to adopt a two-pronged approach that addresses both the immediate impacts of conflict and the ongoing threats posed by climate change to ensure the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems in post-conflict areas.展开更多
Purpose:This study explores how academic mobility influenced research productivity and citation impactamong Ukrainian scholars from 2005 to 2023.It examines the effects of evolving research assessmentpolicies on schol...Purpose:This study explores how academic mobility influenced research productivity and citation impactamong Ukrainian scholars from 2005 to 2023.It examines the effects of evolving research assessmentpolicies on scholarly publishing,particularly in the context of institutional affiliations and national versusinternational mobility.Design/methodology/approach:Using publication and citation data from the Dimensions database,thisstudy analyses two cohorts of Ukrainian scholars who began publishing during 2005–2013 and 2014–2023.The analysis categorises scholars by affiliation type(universities vs.National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine),and mobility status(non-mobile,nationally mobile,and internationally mobile),enabling acomparative evaluation of research output and impact.Findings:The findings reveal a structural shift in affiliations,with a sharp increase in university-affiliatedscholars and a decline in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine scholars.Although research outputgrew,citation impact remained low,particularly among non-mobile scholars.International mobilityconsistently correlates with higher productivity and impact,while national mobility yields modest gains,likely due to uniform constraints across domestic institutions.The post-2013 policy changes increasedpublication volume but not citation impact,as they focused primarily on quantity,not quality.Furthermore,Russo-Ukrainian war has severely constrained academic work.Research limitations:The analysis is limited by the bibliometric database coverage and the reliance oninitial and final affiliations as a proxy for mobility,which may overlook interim mobility events.Practical implications:The findings suggest that research policy in Ukraine should go beyond incentivisingpublication counts and instead foster quality through enhanced infrastructure,sustained funding,andexpanded international collaboration opportunities.Originality/value:This study offers new insights into how mobility patterns interact with institutionalstructures and national policy in a war-affected research system.展开更多
Coal is the main energy resource in Ukraine. However geotechnological aspects of coal seams development and Ukrainian crisis have a negative influence on the mining industry. This article analyzes the experience in th...Coal is the main energy resource in Ukraine. However geotechnological aspects of coal seams development and Ukrainian crisis have a negative influence on the mining industry. This article analyzes the experience in the development of very low and low-coal seams with 0.7–1.0 m thickness, as well as advanced technological solutions that allowed private coal enterprises, despite the difficult situation in the country, to maintain sufficient(more than 75% of all production) level of steam coal extraction for Ukrainian society. Given that Ukrainian's mining sector development is a huge task, we hope this review will add some discussions into the ongoing conversation.展开更多
The geochemical characterization of Novokrivoyrog metavolcanics (2.2 Ga) and Krivoy Rog iron ores (1.8 Ga) in Ukraine represent an important tool for the understanding of their genesis and tectono-magmatic evolution. ...The geochemical characterization of Novokrivoyrog metavolcanics (2.2 Ga) and Krivoy Rog iron ores (1.8 Ga) in Ukraine represent an important tool for the understanding of their genesis and tectono-magmatic evolution. The petrological classification of the metavolcanics on SiO2/(Zr-TiO2) and (Zr-TiO2)/(Nb/Y) Harker-type diagrams shows similarities to subalkaline andesitic basalts. An additional classification of the basalts on TAS (Na2O + K2O/SiO2) and AFM (FeO-MgO-Na2O + K2O) diagrams exhibits a variable magmatic character from calc-alkaline to tholeiitic. The distribution of High Field Strength Elements, (HSFE: Ti, Zr, Y, Hf, Nb), V, Cr, and Rare Earth Elements (REE) in most of the rocks is close to calc-alkaline basalts (CAB) and can be compared to Precambrian mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) where high thermal (>250°C) basaltic alteration is intensive under pH conditions between 2 and 4. These contributed to the deposition of the Krivoy Rog BIFs. Indeed REE distribution patterns of the BIFs suggest that they can be subdivided into shales and shaly BIFs (rich in LREEs since their detrital and clastic inputs are much higher) with (La/Yb)N > 1 as indication of clastic inputs;chert and cherty BIFs showing positive Eu anomaly with (La/Yb)N 1 emphasizes post-depositional effects related to the enrichment of light REEs over heavy REEs with a positive Eu anomaly. The distribution of REE patterns of Krivoy Rog BIFs can finally be compared to Precambrian iron formations of mixed submarine hydrothermal fluids and seawater origin which correspond to the MORB signature of the Novokrivoyrog metavolcanics.展开更多
After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring coun...After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.展开更多
Method of nature-resource potential cost revaluation is suggested. The method proceeds from natural crop yield of Ukrainian lands provided that crops rotation is observed and lands are operated only mechanically with ...Method of nature-resource potential cost revaluation is suggested. The method proceeds from natural crop yield of Ukrainian lands provided that crops rotation is observed and lands are operated only mechanically with the use of no fertilizer. Nature-resource potential of Ukraine and its Carpathian Region are assessed in the aspect of administrative oblasts. Specificities of nature-resource potential’s use by farming enterprises are characterized. Peculiarities that effected upon formation of farming in Ukraine are reviewed. Indices of land availability are presented.展开更多
Globally, 69.6 million individuals were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2016. Of the six major HCV genotypes (GT), the most predominant one is GT1, worldwide. The prevalence of HCV in Central Asia, ...Globally, 69.6 million individuals were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2016. Of the six major HCV genotypes (GT), the most predominant one is GT1, worldwide. The prevalence of HCV in Central Asia, which includes most of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), has been estimated to be 5.8% of the total global burden. The predominant genotype in the CIS and Ukraine regions has been reported to be GT1, followed by GT3. Inadequate HCV epidemiological data, multiple socio-economic barriers, and the lack of regionspecific guidelines have impeded the optimal management of HCV infection in this region. In this regard, a panel of regional experts in the field of hepatology convened to discuss and provide recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and pre-, on-, and posttreatment assessment of chronic HCV infection and to ensure the optimal use of cost-effective antiviral regimens in the region. A comprehensive evaluation of the literature along with expert recommendations for the management of GT1-GT6 HCV infection with the antiviral agents available in the region has been provided in this review. This consensus document will help guide clinical decision-making during the management of HCV infection, further optimizing treatment outcomes in these regions.展开更多
英语中,某些国家由于语言上和文化上的原因,其名称即国名中包括一个定冠词,如:the Congo,the Dominican Republic,theNetherlands,the Ukraine,the UnitedStates,the Soviet Union…已经形成习惯,相安无事了。但世事有常也无常,至少在...英语中,某些国家由于语言上和文化上的原因,其名称即国名中包括一个定冠词,如:the Congo,the Dominican Republic,theNetherlands,the Ukraine,the UnitedStates,the Soviet Union…已经形成习惯,相安无事了。但世事有常也无常,至少在目前来说,the Soviet Union,噫嘻,已不复存在矣。在两霸称雄的年代里,笔者有一次把“不问美国还是苏联……”译成“Be it the US or the SU…”时,规规矩矩地用了“the”的情景。展开更多
Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both in...Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both infrastructure and behavioral factors, and identify potential solutions to address these challenges. Study Design: Comprehensive literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The keywords used in the search included “Cervical Cancer”, “Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV)”, “Ukraine”, “Eastern Europe”, “Healthcare Infrastructure in Disasters”, “Cervical Cancer Prevention”, “Pap Smear”, and “HPV Testing”. Results: A total of 3500 articles were screened. A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. Limited public awareness and limited access to vaccination and screening, combined with inadequate treatment facilities lead to higher rates of cervical cancer. The COVID pandemic, war with Russia, and the Chernobyl disaster are significant factors for the low level of vaccination in Ukraine. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Ukraine face significant challenges due to the inadequate HPV vaccination rates and screening by cytology. Efforts to improve funding and increase education of both the population and health care providers are necessary to increase interventions such as HPV vaccination, cervical cytology, and HPV testing to reduce cervical cancer rates in Ukraine.展开更多
The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing ge...The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing generation of waste and its progressive accumulation. The relevant provisions relate to the industrial sector as well as areas of consumption. However, for most of recyclable materials is still low. The formation of market relations in Ukraine contributed to enhance this process and relevant field of entrepreneurship. Now the formation of a separate segment is taking place. The state and the perspectives of the development of collection, accumulation and recycling of waste stream have been analyzed in the article. Conceptual position of the legislative regulation of this field is defined. The ways of improving the legal support of secondary raw materials have been defined. The peculiarities of waste management of Ukraine are considered.展开更多
Western Ukraine as well as Crimea Peninsula is well known for their geothermal potential.The classic low enthalpy geothermal project is based on the construction of a binary power plant,and includes recycling of water...Western Ukraine as well as Crimea Peninsula is well known for their geothermal potential.The classic low enthalpy geothermal project is based on the construction of a binary power plant,and includes recycling of water through one or several doublets of wells;produced hot water is directed to a heat exchanger(vaporizer),in which a secondary(working)fluid with low boiling point and high vapor pressure vaporizes and rotates a turbine to produce electricity.The highest risk for the project is associated with drilling new wells,which may not hit the target or not have the required productivity.Western Ukraine is one of the oldest oil and gas production regions in Europe.The majority of the fields are on a late stage of the development that is characterized with high produced volumes of water that after separation is being reinjected back for pressure support.In this study,we evaluated the possibility of geothermal energy production,extracted from water that is produced together with oil and gas,based on numerical reservoir simulation models for a typical reservoir setting.展开更多
Historically, Ukraine has been a major source of industrial production for the former Soviet Union and the source of pollution associated with an aging industrial infrastructure. The US Environmental Protection Agency...Historically, Ukraine has been a major source of industrial production for the former Soviet Union and the source of pollution associated with an aging industrial infrastructure. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Ukrainian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) entered into partnership to develop Ukrainian expertise and capacity in risk assessment so that Ukraine could more effectively use its National and Regional Environmental Protection Funds and set priorities for cleanup and regulation. Ukrainian scientists, local officials, and EPA consultants conducted a pilot study in the heavily industrialized Zaporizhzhia Oblast so that the process, analytical tools, and approach for a risk assessment could be developed for and tailored to Ukrainian needs. As a first step, site-specific information was obtained from multiple sources of air pollution and an emissions inventory of air pollution developed. Efforts by local officials were critical for emissions inventory construction. After refinements were made to the inventory, Ukrainian scientists then performed exposure modeling using this information so that ambient concentrations of pollutants could be estimated. 11 industry types (i.e., enterprises) were identified as a major emission source. Results of the modeling effort demonstrated that emissions estimates of particulate matter (as measured by particles of less than 10 micron diameter or “PM10”) and a number of carcinogens were consistent with those from other cities with high concentrations of metallurgical industries in former Soviet Union countries, and were above safety standards. Hazard information was gathered from international databases for each of the estimated pollutants. Using such data, prioritization and identification of potential health concerns can be made, but most importantly, the expertise and experience gained from the pilot allowed for continued support of risk assessment capacity building in the Ukraine and support by the World Bank.展开更多
Germany has recently taken multiple actions to adjust its security policy: for instance, promoting re-militarization, increasing foreign military intervention and overseas operations, and adopting measures to comprehe...Germany has recently taken multiple actions to adjust its security policy: for instance, promoting re-militarization, increasing foreign military intervention and overseas operations, and adopting measures to comprehensively safeguard security in the domains of energy, supply chain, and ideology. Externally, such moves result directly from the threat of a hot war emanating from the Russia–Ukraine crisis. Germany is severely deficient in hard power and the rules and order on which it previously relied are proving increasingly ineffective. The nation is also witnessing a sharply rising sense of insecurity as its inter-system competition with nonWestern countries intensifies. Internally, the present policy shift represents a continuation of German foreign policy transformations initiated during the Merkel era. This change is strongly driven by the new ruling coalition, especially the Green Party, and is staunchly supported by the public. In the future, Germany will probably further normalize its military, intensify its confrontations with non-Western countries, and diversify its means of comprehensively safeguarding security. However, security-related policy transformation processes will be time-consuming and Germany’s investments will not immediately pay off. Traditionally, Germany tends toward the pragmatic and balanced implementation of policies. Thus, it is less likely to pursue military hegemony than to increasingly assume security responsibilities within the Western alliance.展开更多
The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sha...The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sharp increase in fertilizer prices.Consequently,global food production is declining,prices are hitting record highs,and market structures are shifting.Overall,global food insecurity is worsening,which,on top of several other factors,could become permanent as an aftermath of the Russia–Ukraine crisis.Therefore,food insecurity has become a topical issue in global governance.Spiking food prices and the ensuing political turbulence in vulnerable countries have altered the balance of strength between developed and developing countries,aggravating the existing imbalance between them.Furthermore,major food-producing countries are using food as a weapon to increase their influence in a fresh round of strategic competition,adding more uncertainties to the once-in-a-century changes shaping the world today.展开更多
Geographic specificities of allocation of basic (dominant) and second significant (subdo-minant) types of nature resources of Ukraine are disclosed in the aspect of 278 Ukrainian natural (physic-geographic) rayon. Maj...Geographic specificities of allocation of basic (dominant) and second significant (subdo-minant) types of nature resources of Ukraine are disclosed in the aspect of 278 Ukrainian natural (physic-geographic) rayon. Major territorial combinations of nature resources formed in the state’s natural regions are exposed.展开更多
China and Ukraine are looking forward to deepening their cooperation on sectors including agriculture,infrastructure and energy to achieve mutual benefits and win-win outcomes,representatives from the two countries sa...China and Ukraine are looking forward to deepening their cooperation on sectors including agriculture,infrastructure and energy to achieve mutual benefits and win-win outcomes,representatives from the two countries said at an economic and trade forum on November8.展开更多
The Ukraine war makes the philosophy of warfare highly relevant.But the philosophers of war are few in numbers despite the numerous war mankind has experienced.The Ukraine warfare is not rational in terms of Clausewit...The Ukraine war makes the philosophy of warfare highly relevant.But the philosophers of war are few in numbers despite the numerous war mankind has experienced.The Ukraine warfare is not rational in terms of Clausewitz’concepts of strategy and tactics.展开更多
The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetar...The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971284 and 42371321)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2025BAB024).
文摘Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in Ukraine,particularly in the context of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict.We provide the first comprehensive assessment of both conflict-and non-conflict-related factors that influenced the distribution and productivity of Ukraine’s cropland from 2013 to 2023.In addition,we propose a novel method using machine learning models to isolate the impact of conflict on cropland.Our findings reveal that,prior to the conflict,the spatial pattern of Ukraine’s mean cultivation rate was primarily shaped by natural factors—such as climate,soil properties,and elevation—whereas socio-economic factors(e.g.,GDP and population size)exerted a weaker influence.Interannual dynamics in productive cropland area were largely driven by climate variability.The onset of conflict in 2022 dramatically altered this landscape,with nearly half of the cropland grid cells experiencing a conflict-induced reduction.Notably,almost half of the interannual reduction in productive cropland in 2022 was attributed to climate change.Remarkably,in 2023,the return of displaced populations and favorable climatic conditions in many oblasts contributed to a positive trend in cropland reclamation.Despite this,the total area of productive cropland in 2023 remained below expected levels,due to ongoing conflict and localized droughts.Finally,we highlight the urgent need to adopt a two-pronged approach that addresses both the immediate impacts of conflict and the ongoing threats posed by climate change to ensure the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems in post-conflict areas.
基金This project received funding through the MSCA4Ukraine project,which is funded by the European Union.
文摘Purpose:This study explores how academic mobility influenced research productivity and citation impactamong Ukrainian scholars from 2005 to 2023.It examines the effects of evolving research assessmentpolicies on scholarly publishing,particularly in the context of institutional affiliations and national versusinternational mobility.Design/methodology/approach:Using publication and citation data from the Dimensions database,thisstudy analyses two cohorts of Ukrainian scholars who began publishing during 2005–2013 and 2014–2023.The analysis categorises scholars by affiliation type(universities vs.National Academy of Sciences ofUkraine),and mobility status(non-mobile,nationally mobile,and internationally mobile),enabling acomparative evaluation of research output and impact.Findings:The findings reveal a structural shift in affiliations,with a sharp increase in university-affiliatedscholars and a decline in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine scholars.Although research outputgrew,citation impact remained low,particularly among non-mobile scholars.International mobilityconsistently correlates with higher productivity and impact,while national mobility yields modest gains,likely due to uniform constraints across domestic institutions.The post-2013 policy changes increasedpublication volume but not citation impact,as they focused primarily on quantity,not quality.Furthermore,Russo-Ukrainian war has severely constrained academic work.Research limitations:The analysis is limited by the bibliometric database coverage and the reliance oninitial and final affiliations as a proxy for mobility,which may overlook interim mobility events.Practical implications:The findings suggest that research policy in Ukraine should go beyond incentivisingpublication counts and instead foster quality through enhanced infrastructure,sustained funding,andexpanded international collaboration opportunities.Originality/value:This study offers new insights into how mobility patterns interact with institutionalstructures and national policy in a war-affected research system.
基金project financed by the State Budget of Ukraine ‘‘Scientific Substantiation and Energy-Efficient Low-Waste Technologies Development of the Hydrocarbon and Mineral Raw Materials Extraction" (State Registration No.016U008041)
文摘Coal is the main energy resource in Ukraine. However geotechnological aspects of coal seams development and Ukrainian crisis have a negative influence on the mining industry. This article analyzes the experience in the development of very low and low-coal seams with 0.7–1.0 m thickness, as well as advanced technological solutions that allowed private coal enterprises, despite the difficult situation in the country, to maintain sufficient(more than 75% of all production) level of steam coal extraction for Ukrainian society. Given that Ukrainian's mining sector development is a huge task, we hope this review will add some discussions into the ongoing conversation.
文摘The geochemical characterization of Novokrivoyrog metavolcanics (2.2 Ga) and Krivoy Rog iron ores (1.8 Ga) in Ukraine represent an important tool for the understanding of their genesis and tectono-magmatic evolution. The petrological classification of the metavolcanics on SiO2/(Zr-TiO2) and (Zr-TiO2)/(Nb/Y) Harker-type diagrams shows similarities to subalkaline andesitic basalts. An additional classification of the basalts on TAS (Na2O + K2O/SiO2) and AFM (FeO-MgO-Na2O + K2O) diagrams exhibits a variable magmatic character from calc-alkaline to tholeiitic. The distribution of High Field Strength Elements, (HSFE: Ti, Zr, Y, Hf, Nb), V, Cr, and Rare Earth Elements (REE) in most of the rocks is close to calc-alkaline basalts (CAB) and can be compared to Precambrian mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) where high thermal (>250°C) basaltic alteration is intensive under pH conditions between 2 and 4. These contributed to the deposition of the Krivoy Rog BIFs. Indeed REE distribution patterns of the BIFs suggest that they can be subdivided into shales and shaly BIFs (rich in LREEs since their detrital and clastic inputs are much higher) with (La/Yb)N > 1 as indication of clastic inputs;chert and cherty BIFs showing positive Eu anomaly with (La/Yb)N 1 emphasizes post-depositional effects related to the enrichment of light REEs over heavy REEs with a positive Eu anomaly. The distribution of REE patterns of Krivoy Rog BIFs can finally be compared to Precambrian iron formations of mixed submarine hydrothermal fluids and seawater origin which correspond to the MORB signature of the Novokrivoyrog metavolcanics.
文摘After the outbreak of the Russia–Ukraine conflict, Japan wasted no time in advancing its national strategy and actively promoted shuttle diplomacy with the United States(U.S.), Europe, East Asia, and neighboring countries of Ukraine around sanctions against Russia based on strategic considerations and the goal of maximizing national interests. Japan regarded this conflict as an important opportunity for an international strategic game, in an attempt to move and overturn the postwar international order and reconstruct the new global order with the U.S., Europe, and Japan as the core countries dominating the military, science and technology, and economic spheres. In response to the crisis, Japan made a brief policy adjustment—from the initial hesitation to the imposition of active sanctions and pressure on Russia—to reverse the passive situation on the issue of the Four Northern Islands and weaken Russia’s strength. Japan also took the opportunity to promote the “China threat theory”;strengthen the quadrilateral mechanism between the U.S., Japan, India, and Australia;provoke regional confrontation;and try to gain a new Cold War dividend.
文摘Method of nature-resource potential cost revaluation is suggested. The method proceeds from natural crop yield of Ukrainian lands provided that crops rotation is observed and lands are operated only mechanically with the use of no fertilizer. Nature-resource potential of Ukraine and its Carpathian Region are assessed in the aspect of administrative oblasts. Specificities of nature-resource potential’s use by farming enterprises are characterized. Peculiarities that effected upon formation of farming in Ukraine are reviewed. Indices of land availability are presented.
文摘Globally, 69.6 million individuals were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 2016. Of the six major HCV genotypes (GT), the most predominant one is GT1, worldwide. The prevalence of HCV in Central Asia, which includes most of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), has been estimated to be 5.8% of the total global burden. The predominant genotype in the CIS and Ukraine regions has been reported to be GT1, followed by GT3. Inadequate HCV epidemiological data, multiple socio-economic barriers, and the lack of regionspecific guidelines have impeded the optimal management of HCV infection in this region. In this regard, a panel of regional experts in the field of hepatology convened to discuss and provide recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and pre-, on-, and posttreatment assessment of chronic HCV infection and to ensure the optimal use of cost-effective antiviral regimens in the region. A comprehensive evaluation of the literature along with expert recommendations for the management of GT1-GT6 HCV infection with the antiviral agents available in the region has been provided in this review. This consensus document will help guide clinical decision-making during the management of HCV infection, further optimizing treatment outcomes in these regions.
文摘英语中,某些国家由于语言上和文化上的原因,其名称即国名中包括一个定冠词,如:the Congo,the Dominican Republic,theNetherlands,the Ukraine,the UnitedStates,the Soviet Union…已经形成习惯,相安无事了。但世事有常也无常,至少在目前来说,the Soviet Union,噫嘻,已不复存在矣。在两霸称雄的年代里,笔者有一次把“不问美国还是苏联……”译成“Be it the US or the SU…”时,规规矩矩地用了“the”的情景。
文摘Objectives: To identify the obstacles and issues that hinder effective cancer prevention efforts in Ukraine. The study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the barriers to cancer prevention, including both infrastructure and behavioral factors, and identify potential solutions to address these challenges. Study Design: Comprehensive literature review. Methods: The following databases were searched: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health). The keywords used in the search included “Cervical Cancer”, “Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV)”, “Ukraine”, “Eastern Europe”, “Healthcare Infrastructure in Disasters”, “Cervical Cancer Prevention”, “Pap Smear”, and “HPV Testing”. Results: A total of 3500 articles were screened. A total of 65 articles met the inclusion criteria. Limited public awareness and limited access to vaccination and screening, combined with inadequate treatment facilities lead to higher rates of cervical cancer. The COVID pandemic, war with Russia, and the Chernobyl disaster are significant factors for the low level of vaccination in Ukraine. Conclusion: The prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in Ukraine face significant challenges due to the inadequate HPV vaccination rates and screening by cytology. Efforts to improve funding and increase education of both the population and health care providers are necessary to increase interventions such as HPV vaccination, cervical cytology, and HPV testing to reduce cervical cancer rates in Ukraine.
文摘The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing generation of waste and its progressive accumulation. The relevant provisions relate to the industrial sector as well as areas of consumption. However, for most of recyclable materials is still low. The formation of market relations in Ukraine contributed to enhance this process and relevant field of entrepreneurship. Now the formation of a separate segment is taking place. The state and the perspectives of the development of collection, accumulation and recycling of waste stream have been analyzed in the article. Conceptual position of the legislative regulation of this field is defined. The ways of improving the legal support of secondary raw materials have been defined. The peculiarities of waste management of Ukraine are considered.
文摘Western Ukraine as well as Crimea Peninsula is well known for their geothermal potential.The classic low enthalpy geothermal project is based on the construction of a binary power plant,and includes recycling of water through one or several doublets of wells;produced hot water is directed to a heat exchanger(vaporizer),in which a secondary(working)fluid with low boiling point and high vapor pressure vaporizes and rotates a turbine to produce electricity.The highest risk for the project is associated with drilling new wells,which may not hit the target or not have the required productivity.Western Ukraine is one of the oldest oil and gas production regions in Europe.The majority of the fields are on a late stage of the development that is characterized with high produced volumes of water that after separation is being reinjected back for pressure support.In this study,we evaluated the possibility of geothermal energy production,extracted from water that is produced together with oil and gas,based on numerical reservoir simulation models for a typical reservoir setting.
文摘Historically, Ukraine has been a major source of industrial production for the former Soviet Union and the source of pollution associated with an aging industrial infrastructure. The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Ukrainian Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MENR) entered into partnership to develop Ukrainian expertise and capacity in risk assessment so that Ukraine could more effectively use its National and Regional Environmental Protection Funds and set priorities for cleanup and regulation. Ukrainian scientists, local officials, and EPA consultants conducted a pilot study in the heavily industrialized Zaporizhzhia Oblast so that the process, analytical tools, and approach for a risk assessment could be developed for and tailored to Ukrainian needs. As a first step, site-specific information was obtained from multiple sources of air pollution and an emissions inventory of air pollution developed. Efforts by local officials were critical for emissions inventory construction. After refinements were made to the inventory, Ukrainian scientists then performed exposure modeling using this information so that ambient concentrations of pollutants could be estimated. 11 industry types (i.e., enterprises) were identified as a major emission source. Results of the modeling effort demonstrated that emissions estimates of particulate matter (as measured by particles of less than 10 micron diameter or “PM10”) and a number of carcinogens were consistent with those from other cities with high concentrations of metallurgical industries in former Soviet Union countries, and were above safety standards. Hazard information was gathered from international databases for each of the estimated pollutants. Using such data, prioritization and identification of potential health concerns can be made, but most importantly, the expertise and experience gained from the pilot allowed for continued support of risk assessment capacity building in the Ukraine and support by the World Bank.
文摘Germany has recently taken multiple actions to adjust its security policy: for instance, promoting re-militarization, increasing foreign military intervention and overseas operations, and adopting measures to comprehensively safeguard security in the domains of energy, supply chain, and ideology. Externally, such moves result directly from the threat of a hot war emanating from the Russia–Ukraine crisis. Germany is severely deficient in hard power and the rules and order on which it previously relied are proving increasingly ineffective. The nation is also witnessing a sharply rising sense of insecurity as its inter-system competition with nonWestern countries intensifies. Internally, the present policy shift represents a continuation of German foreign policy transformations initiated during the Merkel era. This change is strongly driven by the new ruling coalition, especially the Green Party, and is staunchly supported by the public. In the future, Germany will probably further normalize its military, intensify its confrontations with non-Western countries, and diversify its means of comprehensively safeguarding security. However, security-related policy transformation processes will be time-consuming and Germany’s investments will not immediately pay off. Traditionally, Germany tends toward the pragmatic and balanced implementation of policies. Thus, it is less likely to pursue military hegemony than to increasingly assume security responsibilities within the Western alliance.
文摘The Russia–Ukraine crisis has hit hard the grain production and exports of both countries,weakening their positions on global food markets.Moreover,the crisis has resulted in a shortage of fertilizer supply and a sharp increase in fertilizer prices.Consequently,global food production is declining,prices are hitting record highs,and market structures are shifting.Overall,global food insecurity is worsening,which,on top of several other factors,could become permanent as an aftermath of the Russia–Ukraine crisis.Therefore,food insecurity has become a topical issue in global governance.Spiking food prices and the ensuing political turbulence in vulnerable countries have altered the balance of strength between developed and developing countries,aggravating the existing imbalance between them.Furthermore,major food-producing countries are using food as a weapon to increase their influence in a fresh round of strategic competition,adding more uncertainties to the once-in-a-century changes shaping the world today.
文摘Geographic specificities of allocation of basic (dominant) and second significant (subdo-minant) types of nature resources of Ukraine are disclosed in the aspect of 278 Ukrainian natural (physic-geographic) rayon. Major territorial combinations of nature resources formed in the state’s natural regions are exposed.
文摘China and Ukraine are looking forward to deepening their cooperation on sectors including agriculture,infrastructure and energy to achieve mutual benefits and win-win outcomes,representatives from the two countries said at an economic and trade forum on November8.
文摘The Ukraine war makes the philosophy of warfare highly relevant.But the philosophers of war are few in numbers despite the numerous war mankind has experienced.The Ukraine warfare is not rational in terms of Clausewitz’concepts of strategy and tactics.
文摘The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice.
