Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multi...Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows(n=9/group)were fed the control diet(CON)or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d(phase 1,P1)and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis(phase 2,P2).After 36-h,mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2(9 d post challenge).Cows were then followed until day 75(phase 3,P3).Milk yield(MY)and dry matter intake(DMI)were recorded daily.Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected,and rectal and udder temperature,heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period(P2)together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses.Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS.Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing,followed by pathway analysis.Results:DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1,but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON.NTK reduced rectal temperature,somatic cell score,and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge.Transcriptome data supported these findings,as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function(e.g.,CATHL4,NOS2),epithelial tissue protection(e.g.IL17C),and anti-inflammatory activity(e.g.,ATF3,BAG3,IER3,G-CSF,GRO1,ZFAND2A).Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factorα,heat shock protein response,and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows.Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows.Conclusions:Overall,results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.展开更多
In the present study authors present some aspects regarding udder health as well as the udder teat morphometry.The udder health was defined on the basis of somatic cell count(SCC)in milk.The morphometry parameters inc...In the present study authors present some aspects regarding udder health as well as the udder teat morphometry.The udder health was defined on the basis of somatic cell count(SCC)in milk.The morphometry parameters included:distance from rear teat-tip to the floor,distance from fore teat-tip to the floor,udder depth,udder length,udder width,udder volume,fore teat length,rear teat length,fore teat diameter,and rear teat diameter.The present investigation involved 92 Holstein Friesian cows,from an experimental herd.Considering particular structural elements of a cow udder,three location groups were distinguished:1st,2nd,and 3rd(L_(1),L_(2) and L_(3) respectively).From the study result,primiparous cows(L_(1) group)were characterized by a relatively low SCC in milk,as compared to multiparous cows(L_(2) group or L_(3) group).The cows in the 3rd lactation in relation to the first lactation cows,head SCC increased over 3 times,which indicates the increase of the chance of the cows to be susceptible to intramammary infections.All data showed a gradual increase in depth length,width and volume of the udder as the number of parity increases.The differences observed in udder morphometry in different parities were found significant(p<0.05)to highly significant(p<0.01).The values of the coefficients of correlation for the analyzed udder and teat conformation traits and SCC in milk,were statistically varied and ranged from-0.32 to+0.28.Accordingly,the udder and teat morphometry characteristics such as distance from rear are fore teat-tip to the floor,udder depth,volume,teat diameter,can be said to have some degree of association with the udder health in Holstein Friesian cows evaluated in this study.Hence their inclusion in breeding program as indicator traits may help reduce the incidence of intramammary infections.展开更多
文摘Background:We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product(NTK)in response to a mastitis challenge.Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows(n=9/group)were fed the control diet(CON)or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d(phase 1,P1)and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis(phase 2,P2).After 36-h,mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2(9 d post challenge).Cows were then followed until day 75(phase 3,P3).Milk yield(MY)and dry matter intake(DMI)were recorded daily.Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected,and rectal and udder temperature,heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period(P2)together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses.Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS.Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing,followed by pathway analysis.Results:DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1,but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON.NTK reduced rectal temperature,somatic cell score,and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge.Transcriptome data supported these findings,as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function(e.g.,CATHL4,NOS2),epithelial tissue protection(e.g.IL17C),and anti-inflammatory activity(e.g.,ATF3,BAG3,IER3,G-CSF,GRO1,ZFAND2A).Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factorα,heat shock protein response,and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows.Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows.Conclusions:Overall,results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.
文摘In the present study authors present some aspects regarding udder health as well as the udder teat morphometry.The udder health was defined on the basis of somatic cell count(SCC)in milk.The morphometry parameters included:distance from rear teat-tip to the floor,distance from fore teat-tip to the floor,udder depth,udder length,udder width,udder volume,fore teat length,rear teat length,fore teat diameter,and rear teat diameter.The present investigation involved 92 Holstein Friesian cows,from an experimental herd.Considering particular structural elements of a cow udder,three location groups were distinguished:1st,2nd,and 3rd(L_(1),L_(2) and L_(3) respectively).From the study result,primiparous cows(L_(1) group)were characterized by a relatively low SCC in milk,as compared to multiparous cows(L_(2) group or L_(3) group).The cows in the 3rd lactation in relation to the first lactation cows,head SCC increased over 3 times,which indicates the increase of the chance of the cows to be susceptible to intramammary infections.All data showed a gradual increase in depth length,width and volume of the udder as the number of parity increases.The differences observed in udder morphometry in different parities were found significant(p<0.05)to highly significant(p<0.01).The values of the coefficients of correlation for the analyzed udder and teat conformation traits and SCC in milk,were statistically varied and ranged from-0.32 to+0.28.Accordingly,the udder and teat morphometry characteristics such as distance from rear are fore teat-tip to the floor,udder depth,volume,teat diameter,can be said to have some degree of association with the udder health in Holstein Friesian cows evaluated in this study.Hence their inclusion in breeding program as indicator traits may help reduce the incidence of intramammary infections.
