Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocrit...Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.展开更多
Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,...Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.展开更多
In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require e...In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.展开更多
Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scali...Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.展开更多
In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,w...In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.展开更多
We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functi...We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and ret...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.展开更多
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study in...Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales...What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.展开更多
This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance l...This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.展开更多
This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation cu...This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275263)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301900)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2023J02032).
文摘Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.
基金This paper is a phased research outcome of the 2023 Beijing International Studies University Regional and Country Studies Special Research Project titled“Reading Promotion in Nordic Public Libraries and Its Implications for China’s National Reading Development”(Project No.QYGB23A003).
文摘Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372395in part by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.24A0105in part by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230546).
文摘In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175316).
文摘Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.
基金Supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.China(Grant No.NAA2025ORG011)Science and Technology Plan Project of Jingmen(Grant No.2024YFZD076)+3 种基金Research Team Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant No.TD202006)Research Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant Nos.HX20240049HX20240200)the Teaching Reform Research Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024496)。
文摘In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12461048 and 12061051)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2023MS01003)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT23096)the financial support from the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.202306810054)for one year study at the University of Leedsthe support of Professor Ke Wu and Professor Weizhong Zhao at Capital Normal University,China。
文摘We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.
基金Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(SWUST,18ZD320304 and 22fksy23)Doctoral Fund of Henan University of Technology(31401577)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB053)Technological Innovation Project of Tai’an City(2022GX064)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program[grant numbers 23375401D and22375404D]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number FPZJ2024-011]the Hebei Meteorological Bureau[grant number21ky32]。
文摘Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.
文摘What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.
文摘This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2017JM6087)。
文摘This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.
