Attribute-Based Encryption(ABE)has emerged as a fundamental access control mechanism in data sharing,enabling data owners to define flexible access policies.A critical aspect of ABE is key revocation,which plays a piv...Attribute-Based Encryption(ABE)has emerged as a fundamental access control mechanism in data sharing,enabling data owners to define flexible access policies.A critical aspect of ABE is key revocation,which plays a pivotal role in maintaining security.However,existing key revocation mechanisms face two major challenges:(1)High overhead due to ciphertext and key updates,primarily stemming from the reliance on revocation lists during attribute revocation,which increases computation and communication costs.(2)Limited universality,as many attribute revocation mechanisms are tailored to specific ABE constructions,restricting their broader applicability.To address these challenges,we propose LUAR(Lightweight and Universal Attribute Revocation),a novel revocation mechanism that leverages Intel Software Guard Extensions(SGX)while minimizing its inherent limitations.Given SGX’s constrained memory(≈90 MB in a personal computer)and susceptibility to side-channel attacks,we carefully manage its usage to reduce reliance while mitigating potential collusion risks between cloud service providers and users.To evaluate LUAR’s lightweight and universality,we integrate it with the classic BSW07 scheme,which can be seamlessly replaced with other ABE constructions.Experimental results demonstrate that LUAR enables secure attribute revocation with low computation and communication overhead.The processing time within the SGX environment remains stable at approximately 55 ms,regardless of the complexity of access policies,ensuring no additional storage or computational burden on SGX.Compared to the Hardware-based Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption(HR-ABE)scheme(IEEE S&P 2024),LUAR incurs a slightly higher computational cost within SGX;however,the overall time from initiating a data request to obtaining plaintext is shorter.As access policies grow more complex,LUAR’s advantages become increasingly evident,showcasing its superior efficiency and broader applicability.展开更多
State constraints in nonlinear systems are commonly pursued by resorting to barrier functions,which enforce constraints over the entire duration of system operation.We propose a universal intermittent state-constraine...State constraints in nonlinear systems are commonly pursued by resorting to barrier functions,which enforce constraints over the entire duration of system operation.We propose a universal intermittent state-constrained solution,which not only offers flexibility by activating constraints just during specific time periods of interest to the user,but also successfully accommodates different types of constraint boundaries.The innovative shifting functions are proposed to facilitate seamless transitions between constrained and unconstrained operational phases,resulting in more user-friendly design and implementation.By blending an improved shifting transformation into intermittent constraint design,we construct a universal barrier function upon the constrained states,with which our control strategy removes the limitations on constraint functions and completely obviates the feasibility conditions.Furthermore,a modified fuzzy approximator driven by the prediction error rather than the tracking error achieves decoupling of the control and estimation loops,which not only ensures the estimation performance,but also facilitates proof of stability.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is assessed by numerical simulation.展开更多
Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocrit...Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.展开更多
The dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of human rights is a core issue in human rights theory and practice.This paper intends to conduct an analysis from three dimensions—basic concep...The dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of human rights is a core issue in human rights theory and practice.This paper intends to conduct an analysis from three dimensions—basic concepts,values,and legal implementation—and clarify the relative universality of human rights by drawing on the distinction between“rules and principles”in jurisprudence and the logic of interpretation and application of rights provisions.At the conceptual level,human rights embody the proposition of universality,yet they exhibit relativity in both temporal and spatial dimensions.At the ideological level,political perspectives on human rights and cultural relativism(including meta-ethical relativism)remind us that human rights also possess the attribute of local knowledge.At the legal level,human rights norms mostly exist in the form of principles rather than rules;their high degree of abstraction leads to diversified interpretations,and the implementation mechanisms across different countries also demonstrate diversity.Recognizing and grasping the relative universality of human rights is conducive to a deeper understanding of the tension between universal principles and specific contexts,and also helps to avoid the biases and limitations that may arise from adhering to a single“universalism”or“particularism”discourse in practice.展开更多
Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,...Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.展开更多
In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require e...In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.展开更多
Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scali...Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.展开更多
In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,w...In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.展开更多
We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functi...We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and ret...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.展开更多
This review aims to explore the development,challenges,and future directions of UCAR cell therapy as a scalable alternative to autologous CAR-T for cancer treatment.Consequently,limitations of autologous CAR-T,includi...This review aims to explore the development,challenges,and future directions of UCAR cell therapy as a scalable alternative to autologous CAR-T for cancer treatment.Consequently,limitations of autologous CAR-T,including long production,variable quality,and cost,drive off-the-shelf UCAR development to standardize manufacturing and improve access.Current UCAR-T cell strategies focus on mitigating the risks of graft-vs.-host disease and host-vs.-graft rejection through advanced gene editing technologies,including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated system Cas9-mediated knockout of the T cell receptor,human leukocyte antigen,and cluster of differentiation 52(CD52).Beyond conventional T cells,cell types such as double-negative T cells,γδT cells,and virus-specific T cells are being engineered with CARs to improve tumor targeting and minimize off-tumor toxicity.UCAR-T therapy is frequently used for hematologic malignancies,including acute lymphoblastic leukemia,non-Hodgkin lymphoma,andmultiplemyeloma,with efficacy and safety supported by numerous clinical studies.Although trials for solid tumors(e.g.,CYAD-101,CTX130)show modest responses,challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and T cell exhaustion remain.Future research should focus on optimizing gene editing precision,integrating combination therapies,and advancing scalable manufacturing platforms.With expanded targets and cell types,UCAR therapies show promise for both hematologic and solid tumors,reshaping cancer treatment and patient outcomes.展开更多
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study in...Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.展开更多
What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales...What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.展开更多
This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance l...This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.展开更多
This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation cu...This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.展开更多
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0704102)the Chongqing Education Commission Key Project of Science and Technology Research(Grant No.KJZD-K202400610)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation General Project(Grant No.CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX1263).
文摘Attribute-Based Encryption(ABE)has emerged as a fundamental access control mechanism in data sharing,enabling data owners to define flexible access policies.A critical aspect of ABE is key revocation,which plays a pivotal role in maintaining security.However,existing key revocation mechanisms face two major challenges:(1)High overhead due to ciphertext and key updates,primarily stemming from the reliance on revocation lists during attribute revocation,which increases computation and communication costs.(2)Limited universality,as many attribute revocation mechanisms are tailored to specific ABE constructions,restricting their broader applicability.To address these challenges,we propose LUAR(Lightweight and Universal Attribute Revocation),a novel revocation mechanism that leverages Intel Software Guard Extensions(SGX)while minimizing its inherent limitations.Given SGX’s constrained memory(≈90 MB in a personal computer)and susceptibility to side-channel attacks,we carefully manage its usage to reduce reliance while mitigating potential collusion risks between cloud service providers and users.To evaluate LUAR’s lightweight and universality,we integrate it with the classic BSW07 scheme,which can be seamlessly replaced with other ABE constructions.Experimental results demonstrate that LUAR enables secure attribute revocation with low computation and communication overhead.The processing time within the SGX environment remains stable at approximately 55 ms,regardless of the complexity of access policies,ensuring no additional storage or computational burden on SGX.Compared to the Hardware-based Revocable Attribute-Based Encryption(HR-ABE)scheme(IEEE S&P 2024),LUAR incurs a slightly higher computational cost within SGX;however,the overall time from initiating a data request to obtaining plaintext is shorter.As access policies grow more complex,LUAR’s advantages become increasingly evident,showcasing its superior efficiency and broader applicability.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2404005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0702200)+2 种基金Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1801005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20118)the Nature Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2022JH25/10100008)。
文摘State constraints in nonlinear systems are commonly pursued by resorting to barrier functions,which enforce constraints over the entire duration of system operation.We propose a universal intermittent state-constrained solution,which not only offers flexibility by activating constraints just during specific time periods of interest to the user,but also successfully accommodates different types of constraint boundaries.The innovative shifting functions are proposed to facilitate seamless transitions between constrained and unconstrained operational phases,resulting in more user-friendly design and implementation.By blending an improved shifting transformation into intermittent constraint design,we construct a universal barrier function upon the constrained states,with which our control strategy removes the limitations on constraint functions and completely obviates the feasibility conditions.Furthermore,a modified fuzzy approximator driven by the prediction error rather than the tracking error achieves decoupling of the control and estimation loops,which not only ensures the estimation performance,but also facilitates proof of stability.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is assessed by numerical simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275263)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301900)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2023J02032).
文摘Universality,encompassing critical exponents,scaling functions,and dimensionless quantities,is fundamental to phase transition theory.In finite systems,universal behaviors are also expected to emerge at the pseudocritical point.Focusing on two-dimensional percolation,we show that the size distribution of the largest cluster asymptotically approaches to a Gumbel form in the subcritical phase,a Gaussian form in the supercritical phase,and transitions within the critical finite-size scaling window.Numerical results indicate that,at consistently defined pseudocritical points,this distribution exhibits a universal form across various lattices and percolation models(bond or site),within error bars,yet differs from the distribution at the critical point.The critical polynomial,universally zero for two-dimensional percolation at the critical point,becomes nonzero at pseudocritical points.Nevertheless,numerical evidence suggests that the critical polynomial,along with other dimensionless quantities such as wrapping probabilities and Binder cumulants,assumes fixed values at the pseudocritical point that are independent of the percolation type(bond or site)but vary with lattice structures.These findings imply that while strict universality breaks down at the pseudocritical point,certain extreme-value statistics and dimensionless quantities exhibit quasi-universality,revealing a subtle connection between scaling behaviors at critical and pseudocritical points.
基金the Beijing Social Science Foundation Young Academic Leader Program entitled“The Evolution,Model and Future of China’s Constitutional Implementation System from a Comparative Perspective”(Project Approval Number 24DTR047).
文摘The dialectical relationship between the universality and particularity of human rights is a core issue in human rights theory and practice.This paper intends to conduct an analysis from three dimensions—basic concepts,values,and legal implementation—and clarify the relative universality of human rights by drawing on the distinction between“rules and principles”in jurisprudence and the logic of interpretation and application of rights provisions.At the conceptual level,human rights embody the proposition of universality,yet they exhibit relativity in both temporal and spatial dimensions.At the ideological level,political perspectives on human rights and cultural relativism(including meta-ethical relativism)remind us that human rights also possess the attribute of local knowledge.At the legal level,human rights norms mostly exist in the form of principles rather than rules;their high degree of abstraction leads to diversified interpretations,and the implementation mechanisms across different countries also demonstrate diversity.Recognizing and grasping the relative universality of human rights is conducive to a deeper understanding of the tension between universal principles and specific contexts,and also helps to avoid the biases and limitations that may arise from adhering to a single“universalism”or“particularism”discourse in practice.
基金This paper is a phased research outcome of the 2023 Beijing International Studies University Regional and Country Studies Special Research Project titled“Reading Promotion in Nordic Public Libraries and Its Implications for China’s National Reading Development”(Project No.QYGB23A003).
文摘Under the background of accelerated global cultural exchange and information dissemination,reading has become a crucial component of public cultural services.Public libraries in Nordic countries(Denmark,Sweden,Norway,Finland,Iceland)stand out by adhering to the core philosophy of“universal sharing and equal reading”,integrating reading promotion into national strategies,and constructing extensive service networks through sound legal guarantees and adequate financial support.This study identifies four key strategies for universality and equality in Nordic public libraries:covering all age groups,eliminating group differences,integrating digital and physical resources,and ensuring the right to read through legislative,financial,and other institutional support.These provide a reference for global public cultural services.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372395in part by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.24A0105in part by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230546).
文摘In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12175316).
文摘Phase transitions,as one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature,are divided into first-order phase transitions(FOPTs)and continuous ones in current classification.While the latter shows striking phenomena of scaling and universality,the former has recently also been demonstrated to exhibit scaling and universal behavior within a mesoscopic,coarse-grained Landau-Ginzburg theory.Here we apply this theory to a microscopic model-the paradigmatic Ising model,which undergoes FOPTs between two ordered phases below its critical temperature-and unambiguously demonstrate universal scaling behavior in such FOPTs.These results open the door for extending the theory to other microscopic FOPT systems and experimentally testing them to systematically uncover their scaling and universal behavior.
基金Supported by the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications(Central China Normal University),Ministry of Education,P.R.China(Grant No.NAA2025ORG011)Science and Technology Plan Project of Jingmen(Grant No.2024YFZD076)+3 种基金Research Team Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant No.TD202006)Research Project of Jingchu University of Technology(Grant Nos.HX20240049HX20240200)the Teaching Reform Research Project of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024496)。
文摘In this paper,we study the eigenvalue problem of the Markov diffusion operator L^(2),and give generalized inequalities for eigenvalues of the operator L^(2)on a Markov diffusion triple.By applying these inequalities,we then get some new universal bounds for eigenvalues of a special Markov diffusion operator L^(2)on bounded domains in an Euclidean space.Moreover,our results can reveal the relationship between the(k+1)-th eigenvalue and the first k eigenvalues in a relatively straightforward manner.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12461048 and 12061051)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2023MS01003)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT23096)the financial support from the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.202306810054)for one year study at the University of Leedsthe support of Professor Ke Wu and Professor Weizhong Zhao at Capital Normal University,China。
文摘We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.
基金Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(SWUST,18ZD320304 and 22fksy23)Doctoral Fund of Henan University of Technology(31401577)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB053)Technological Innovation Project of Tai’an City(2022GX064)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are widely deemed to be one of the most potential candidates for future secondary batteries because of their remarkable energy density.Nevertheless,notorious polysulfide shuttling and retarded sulfur reaction kinetics pose significant obstacles to the further application of Li-S batteries.While rationally designed highly active electrocatalysts can facilitate polysulfide conversion,the universal and scalable synthesis strategies need to be developed.Herein,a universal synthetic strategy to construct a series of three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene-iron(3DGr-Fe)based electrocatalysts involving 3DGr-FeP,3DGr-Fe_(3)C,and 3DGr-Fe_(3)Se_(4)is exploited for manipulating the Li-S redox reactions.It has been observed that the implementation of a 3D porous Gr architecture leads to the well-designed conductive networks,while the uniformly dispersed iron nanoparticles introduce an abundance of active sites,fostering the lithium polysulfide conversion,thereby bolstering the overall electrochemical performance.The Li-S battery with the 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable capacity retention of 94.8%upon 100 times at 0.2 C.Moreover,the soft-packaged Li-S pouch cell based on such a 3DGr-Fe electrocatalyst delivers superior capacity of 1060.71 mA h g^(-1)and guarantees for the continuous 30 min work of fan toy.This investigation gives comprehensive insights into the design,synthesis,and mechanism of 3DGr-Fe based electrocatalysts with high activity toward efficient and durable Li-S batteries.
文摘This review aims to explore the development,challenges,and future directions of UCAR cell therapy as a scalable alternative to autologous CAR-T for cancer treatment.Consequently,limitations of autologous CAR-T,including long production,variable quality,and cost,drive off-the-shelf UCAR development to standardize manufacturing and improve access.Current UCAR-T cell strategies focus on mitigating the risks of graft-vs.-host disease and host-vs.-graft rejection through advanced gene editing technologies,including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated system Cas9-mediated knockout of the T cell receptor,human leukocyte antigen,and cluster of differentiation 52(CD52).Beyond conventional T cells,cell types such as double-negative T cells,γδT cells,and virus-specific T cells are being engineered with CARs to improve tumor targeting and minimize off-tumor toxicity.UCAR-T therapy is frequently used for hematologic malignancies,including acute lymphoblastic leukemia,non-Hodgkin lymphoma,andmultiplemyeloma,with efficacy and safety supported by numerous clinical studies.Although trials for solid tumors(e.g.,CYAD-101,CTX130)show modest responses,challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and T cell exhaustion remain.Future research should focus on optimizing gene editing precision,integrating combination therapies,and advancing scalable manufacturing platforms.With expanded targets and cell types,UCAR therapies show promise for both hematologic and solid tumors,reshaping cancer treatment and patient outcomes.
基金supported by the Hebei Provincial Key Research and Development Program[grant numbers 23375401D and22375404D]the China Meteorological Administration[grant number FPZJ2024-011]the Hebei Meteorological Bureau[grant number21ky32]。
文摘Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health.However,the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied.This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)during 5-year return period extreme heat events across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China,utilizing 40 years of meteorological data from 174 stations.A non-stationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution model with a location parameter link function was identified as the optimal model(for 65.3%of stations)through the Akaike Information Criterion,capturing 16 regional extreme heat events.Results indicate that extreme heat thresholds rise with increasing return periods,with the highest thresholds concentrated around Beijing and Shijiazhuang.Air temperature and mean radiant temperature were found to be the dominant factors influencing UTCI,with daytime air temperature contributing 47.03%to 50.64%and nighttime mean radiant temperature contributing up to 48.55%.Spatially,“extreme heat stress”conditions,as defined by UTCI,were predominantly observed in the southeastern plains of Beijing and southern Hebei Province.Diurnally,UTCI peaked between 1200 and 1600 BT(Beijing time),generally returning to“no heat stress”levels across most areas between 0000 and 0600 BT.These findings provide crucial insights into the dynamics of human thermal comfort during extreme heat events in the BTH region,offering valuable scientific support for developing targeted heat mitigation and adaptation strategies.
文摘What laws do the universe naturally operate according to?What should be the logical foundation of the human real world?This is a foundational and fundamental issue that humans have always wanted to clarify.From Thales to philosophers such as Socrates,Plato,and Aristotle,ancient Greece achieved the origin and development of philosophy;Later,Descartes,Hume,Kant,Hegel,Nietzsche,and others explored new fields and concepts;Philosophers such as Husserl,Sartre,Russell,Wittgenstein,and Derrida left a profound mark in the 20th century.The emergence of a worldview emerged in the ancient Indian Vedas,and later in the religious and philosophical work The Upanishads,there was a discourse on the entities of"Brahma"and"I",which gave rise to the idea of"Advaita"in later generations.The Book of Changes was born in ancient China,along with major academic schools such as Taoism,Confucianism,Legalism,and Mohism.Later,Buddhist thought was integrated;With the Eastern ideas of yin and yang,the Doctrine of the Mean,harmony,and the ultimate goodness,I have integrated Eastern and Western historical philosophies,modern physics,and classical logic theories in my thinking on the principle of cosmic paradox,proposing a new perspective of understanding the essence of the universe and its natural logical relationship structure using the principle of paradox as the law of cosmic operation.The theoretical exploration and discussion of the dual nature relationship of"non-contradiction"and"contradiction"in the"first contradiction"relationship of things in the universe,that is,the identity of the universe is a self-contradictory overall transformation process;Attempting to reveal the paradoxical relationship of the universe from a new perspective in modern science,philosophy,and logic,striving to have a beneficial impact on the exploration and practical application of sustainable human survival and development models in the future.
文摘This comparative study examines cultural empathy strategies employed by two major international broadcasters-BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)and CGTN(China Global Television Network)-in their efforts to balance local emotional resonance with universal values in global communication.Through a mixed-methods approach combining content analysis of 2,400 news reports,interviews with 32 media professionals,and audience reception studies across 15 countries,this research investigates how international media organizations navigate the complex terrain of cross-cultural communication in an increasingly interconnected world.The findings reveal significant differences in empathy strategies:BBC employs a“universalist-localized”approach emphasizing shared human experiences while maintaining Western liberal values,achieving 67.3%cross-cultural resonance scores,while CGTN adopts a“particularist-global”strategy highlighting cultural diversity within a framework of mutual understanding,achieving 61.8%resonance scores.Both organizations face challenges in balancing authentic cultural representation with audience accessibility,managing 73.4%and 68.9%cultural authenticity ratings respectively.The study identifies five key empathy strategies:narrative localization,cultural bridging,emotional universalization,value harmonization,and contextual adaptation.Results indicate that successful cultural empathy requires sophisticated understanding of target audiences’cultural schemas while maintaining editorial authenticity.The research contributes to international communication theory by proposing a Cultural Empathy Framework(CEF)that explains how media organizations can effectively navigate the tension between local emotions and universal values in global broadcasting contexts.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2017JM6087)。
文摘This research,based on Mason's formula,proposes a novel design for a second-order transconductance-mode universal filter with the operational transconductance amplifier(OTA)as the core and the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCⅡ)as the auxiliary.The circuit incorporates two OTAs,one CCCⅡ,two grounded capacitors,and one grounded resistor.The quality factor Q and natural frequency fo of the filter can be electronically tuned and are not sensitive to temperature.The input and output terminals of the cir-cuit exhibit no loading effect,and the sensitivity of the circuit is low.At last,alternating frequency analysis,parameter scanning analysis,and temperature scanning analysis have been carried out by using Multisim software,confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the designed circuit.
