While unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs)are promising for renewable energy storage,their efficient operation requires simultaneous water management and gas transport,which is challenging from the standpoint of wa...While unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs)are promising for renewable energy storage,their efficient operation requires simultaneous water management and gas transport,which is challenging from the standpoint of water management.Herein,a novel approach is introduced for examining the alignment hydrophilic pattern of a Ti porous transport layer(PTL)with the flow field of a bipolar plate(BP).UV/ozone patterning and is employed to impart amphiphilic characteristics to the hydrophobic silanized Ti PTL,enabling low-cost and scalable fabrication.The hydrophilic pattern and its alignment with the BP are comprehensively analyzed using electrochemical methods and computational simulations.Notably,the serpentine-patterned(SP)Ti PTL,wherein the hydrophilic channel is directly aligned with the serpentine flow field of the BP,effectively enhances oxygen removal in the water electrolyzer(WE)mode and mitigates water flooding in the fuel cell(FC)mode,ensuring uninterrupted water and gas flow.Further,URFCs with SP configuration exhibit remarkable performance in the WE and FC modes,achieving a significantly improved round-trip efficiency of 25.7%at 2 A cm^(−2).展开更多
The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS a...The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS annually in Asia,becoming the second largest epicenter of global AIDS epidemic. Molecular epidemiology has been useful tool to track a course of HIV spread. In-depth knowledge from the studies on molecular epidemiology elucidates the dynamics of HIV spread and the interrelationship of epidemics in the different regions in Asia.展开更多
Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through...Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through timely molecular surveillance,over 65 distinct CRFs have been identified in China to date.In this study,we identified five novel URFs among newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Anhui Province,China.Methods:Near-full length HIV genome sequences were obtained using two-half molecule amplification methods from five samples containing potential URFs.The sequences were subsequently subjected to phylogenetic and recombination analyses.Results:Phylogenetic and recombination analyses of the five near-full length genome sequences confirmed their classification as novel URFs.Among these,three sequences were recombinants of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC,one sequence was a recombinant of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC and B,and one sequence resulted from CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC recombination.Conclusions:The identification of URFs in newly infected individuals indicates ongoing transmission of multiple HIV-1 clades in Anhui Province,with superinfection occurring at notable frequencies.These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing longterm surveillance of circulating HIV-1 clades using near-full length sequence analysis in Anhui,China.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Core Research Program funded by the Ministry of Science&ICT(MSIT,Republic of Korea)(No.KS2522-20)This work was also supported by the Program of the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the MSIT(No.2022M3H4A3A01083536 and RS-2024-00466554).
文摘While unitized regenerative fuel cells(URFCs)are promising for renewable energy storage,their efficient operation requires simultaneous water management and gas transport,which is challenging from the standpoint of water management.Herein,a novel approach is introduced for examining the alignment hydrophilic pattern of a Ti porous transport layer(PTL)with the flow field of a bipolar plate(BP).UV/ozone patterning and is employed to impart amphiphilic characteristics to the hydrophobic silanized Ti PTL,enabling low-cost and scalable fabrication.The hydrophilic pattern and its alignment with the BP are comprehensively analyzed using electrochemical methods and computational simulations.Notably,the serpentine-patterned(SP)Ti PTL,wherein the hydrophilic channel is directly aligned with the serpentine flow field of the BP,effectively enhances oxygen removal in the water electrolyzer(WE)mode and mitigates water flooding in the fuel cell(FC)mode,ensuring uninterrupted water and gas flow.Further,URFCs with SP configuration exhibit remarkable performance in the WE and FC modes,achieving a significantly improved round-trip efficiency of 25.7%at 2 A cm^(−2).
基金Grant support from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in JapanJapanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention.
文摘The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS annually in Asia,becoming the second largest epicenter of global AIDS epidemic. Molecular epidemiology has been useful tool to track a course of HIV spread. In-depth knowledge from the studies on molecular epidemiology elucidates the dynamics of HIV spread and the interrelationship of epidemics in the different regions in Asia.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number 2022YFC2305201).
文摘Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through timely molecular surveillance,over 65 distinct CRFs have been identified in China to date.In this study,we identified five novel URFs among newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Anhui Province,China.Methods:Near-full length HIV genome sequences were obtained using two-half molecule amplification methods from five samples containing potential URFs.The sequences were subsequently subjected to phylogenetic and recombination analyses.Results:Phylogenetic and recombination analyses of the five near-full length genome sequences confirmed their classification as novel URFs.Among these,three sequences were recombinants of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC,one sequence was a recombinant of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC and B,and one sequence resulted from CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC recombination.Conclusions:The identification of URFs in newly infected individuals indicates ongoing transmission of multiple HIV-1 clades in Anhui Province,with superinfection occurring at notable frequencies.These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing longterm surveillance of circulating HIV-1 clades using near-full length sequence analysis in Anhui,China.
