BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar depression(BD-D)are both intricate,enduring,and profound psychiatric conditions characterized primarily by depressive episodes and cognitive dysfunction.However,dis...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar depression(BD-D)are both intricate,enduring,and profound psychiatric conditions characterized primarily by depressive episodes and cognitive dysfunction.However,distinguishing the characteristics and influencing factors of cognitive impairment in unipolar and BD-D is crucial for identification and intervention.AIM To compare neurocognitive characteristics and investigate associations between cognitive function and clinical features in unipolar and BD-D.METHODS The THINC-integrated tool(THINC-it)as a cognitive assessment tool was applied to 295 individuals:75 patients with depressive disorders(MDD),120 individuals with BD-D,and 100 healthy controls.The Hamilton Depression Scale-17(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale-14(HAMA),and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were employed to assess depression,anxiety,and sleep.Neurocognitive function characteristics and the relationships between cognitive impairment and general clinical attributes were analyzed.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the overall THINC-it with each objective subscale.However,the subjective subscale(Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item)showed significant differences between MDD and BD-D(P<0.001).Linear regression analyses were explored to determine associations.Age,years of education,age at onset,and HAMD were significantly co-associated with the overall THINC-it and each subscale in both MDD and BD-D(P<0.05).Furthermore,years of education showed a positive correlation with objective cognitive impairment(e.g.,Codebreaker,Trails)(P<0.05).There was a notable difference in that the number of depressive episodes,disease duration,hospitalizations,HAMA,and PSQI were significantly associated with the overall THINC-it with each subscale between MDD and BD-D(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Although both unipolar and BD-D showed similar objective cognitive impairments,there was a significant difference in subjective cognitive impairment.Our findings suggest that factors like age,years of education,age at onset,and depression severity might not be significantly difference in the influence of cognitive impairment.Furthermore,we found that education was a protective factor for cognitive impairment in both unipolar and BD-D.Our analysis revealed that distinct factors including disease duration,number of depressive episodes,hospitalizations,anxiety levels,and sleep quality influenced cognitive impairment between unipolar and BD-D.Therefore,it was important to investigate the specific characteristics of cognitive impairment and influencing factors to identify differentiating unipolar and BD-D.展开更多
When studying the phenomenon of the induced electromotive force, which originates from Faraday’s unipolar inductor, the contrast between Faraday’s view of the magnetic field dynamic lines and the theory of relativit...When studying the phenomenon of the induced electromotive force, which originates from Faraday’s unipolar inductor, the contrast between Faraday’s view of the magnetic field dynamic lines and the theory of relativity is revealed. In order to remove this contradiction, this phenomenon was studied in depth, theoretically and experimentally, using an experimental setup similar to Faraday’s. Calculations of the induced electromotive force, based on relativity on the one hand and on Faraday’s view on the other were made with the help of measurements of the magnetic field components. Accurate magnetic field measurements are confirmed by analytical calculations. Precise-induced electromotive force measurements confirmed Faraday’s view and contradicted the theory of relativity.展开更多
Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder（UD） may be different in brain structure. In the present study,we performed voxel-based morphometry（VBM） to quantify the grey matter volumes in 23 patients with bip...Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder（UD） may be different in brain structure. In the present study,we performed voxel-based morphometry（VBM） to quantify the grey matter volumes in 23 patients with bipolar I depressive disorder（BP1） and 23 patients with UD,and 23 age-,gender-,and educationmatched healthy controls（HCs） using magnetic resonance imaging. We found that compared with the HC and UD groups,the BP1 group showed reduced grey matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus,while the UD group showed reduced volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HCs. In addition,correlation analyses revealed that the grey matter volumes of these regions were negatively correlated with the Hamilton depression rating scores. Taken together,the results of our study suggest that decreased grey matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus is a common abnormality in BP1 and UD,and decreasedgrey matter volume in the right middle cingulate gyrus may be specifi c to BP1.展开更多
In this study, the unipolar resistive switching （URS） and bipolar resistive switching （BRS） are demonstrated to be coexistent in the Ag/ZnO/Pt memory device, and both modes are observed to strongly depend on the p...In this study, the unipolar resistive switching （URS） and bipolar resistive switching （BRS） are demonstrated to be coexistent in the Ag/ZnO/Pt memory device, and both modes are observed to strongly depend on the polarity of forming voltage. The mechanisms of the URS and BRS behaviors could be attributed to the electric-field-induced migration of oxygen vacancies （Vo） and metal-Ag conducting filaments （CFs） respectively, which are confirmed by investigating the temperature dependences of low resistance states in both modes. Furthermore, we compare the resistive switching （RS） characteristics （e.g., forming and switching voltages, reset current and resistance states） between these two modes based on Vo- and Ag-CFs. The BRS mode shows better switching uniformity and lower power than the URS mode. Both of these modes exhibit good RS performances, including good retention, reliable cycling and high-speed switching. The result indicates that the coexistence of URS and BRS behaviors in a single device has great potential applications in future nonvolatile multi-level memory.展开更多
Objective Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)has a higher prevalence in adolescents with depressive disorders than in community adolescents.This study examined the differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with uni...Objective Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)has a higher prevalence in adolescents with depressive disorders than in community adolescents.This study examined the differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with unipolar depression(UD)and those with bipolar depression(BD).Methods Adolescents with UD or BD were recruited from 20 general or psychiatric hospitals across China.The methods,frequency,and function of NSSI were assessed by Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation.The Beck Suicide Ideation Scale was used to evaluate adolescents’suicidal ideation,and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale to estimate the anxiety and depression symptoms.Results The UD group had higher levels of depression(19.16 vs.17.37,F=15.23,P<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(17.73 vs.16.70,F=5.00,P=0.026)than the BD group.Adolescents with BD had a longer course of NSSI than those with UD(2.00 vs.1.00 year,Z=−3.39,P=0.001).There were no statistical differences in the frequency and the number of methods of NSSI between the UD and BD groups.Depression(r=0.408,P<0.01)and anxiety(r=0.391,P<0.01)were significantly and positively related to NSSI frequency.Conclusion Adolescents with BD had a longer course of NSSI than those with UD.More importantly,NSSI frequency were positively and strongly correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms,indicating the importance of adequate treatment of depression and anxiety in preventing and intervening adolescents’NSSI behaviors.展开更多
Piezoceramics with high and fatigue-resisted piezoelectric properties are strongly desired for actuator ap-plications.In this work,textured Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)ceramics with Lotgering factor F_(001...Piezoceramics with high and fatigue-resisted piezoelectric properties are strongly desired for actuator ap-plications.In this work,textured Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)ceramics with Lotgering factor F_(001)∼98%were fabricated by templated grain growth technique.Strong[001]c-grain orientation(f∼90%and r∼0.22)of the textured ceramics effectively produced about 230%enhanced piezoelectric coefficient d_(33)^(∗)(i.e.,S_(max)/E_(max))and substantially improved unipolar electrical fatigue resistance.Unipolar polarization P max and d_(33)^(∗)of the textured ceramics were nearly maintained up to 106 unipolar cycles,while 19%and 14%degradations were respectively observed from randomly oriented counterparts.Especially,normal-ized d_(33)^(∗)of the textured ceramics shows better unipolar fatigue resistance than those of piezoceramics reported previously.Much lower bipolar strain asymmetryγs(∼4%)was observed from the textured samples fatigued after 106 unipolar cycles as compared toγs∼23%for randomly oriented counterparts.While charged defect accumulation model described the serious fatigue deteriorations in randomly ori-ented ceramics,the current work revealed that substantially enhanced unipolar fatigue resistance of the textured ceramics is mainly associated with the inherent fatigue anisotropy,weakened local bias fields owing to both enhanced domain mobility and lower defect density near grain boundaries/interfaces,and increased intrinsic contribution due to more tetragonal content.These superior characteristics suggest the great potential of textured ceramics for high-performance and robust actuator applications.展开更多
This paper proposes a new consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine(CPMVM),which can be regarded as a combination of two conventional CPMVM with opposite polarities.Based on the simplified axial magnetic circui...This paper proposes a new consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine(CPMVM),which can be regarded as a combination of two conventional CPMVM with opposite polarities.Based on the simplified axial magnetic circuit model,it is verified that the proposed CPMVM can reduce the unipolar leakage flux.In order to reduce the torque ripple of machine and improve the output torque of machine,the flux barrier is placed on the rotor of the proposed machine.Then,the parameters of the proposed CPMVM are optimized and determined.Moreover,the electromagnetic performance,including no-load air-gap flux density,average torque and torque ripple,flux linkage,back-electromotive force,cogging torque,average torque,torque ripple,power factor and loss,is compared with conventional surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machine(SPMVM)and CPMVM.Finally,it is demonstrated that proposed CPMVM with flux barrier can effectively reduce the unipolar leakage flux and greatly reduce the torque ripple of machine.Also,compared with the SPMVM,the proposed CPMVM with flux barrier saves more than 45%of the permanent magnet material without reducing output torque.展开更多
ZnMn_2O_4 thin films were deposited by a sol-gel technique onto a p+-Si substrate, and a RRAM device with the Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si structure was fabricated. The microstructure of ZnMn_2O_4 films and the resistive switc...ZnMn_2O_4 thin films were deposited by a sol-gel technique onto a p+-Si substrate, and a RRAM device with the Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si structure was fabricated. The microstructure of ZnMn_2O_4 films and the resistive switching behavior of Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si device were investigated. ZnMn_2O_4 thin films had a spinel structure after annealing at 650 °C for 1 h. The Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si device showed unipolar and/or bipolar resistive switching behavior, exhibiting different ION/IOFF ratio and switching endurance properties. In bipolar resistive switching, high-resistance-state(HRS) conduction was dominated by the space-charge-limited conduction mechanism, whereas the filament conduction mechanism dictated the low resistance state(LRS). For unipolar resistive switching, HRS and LRS were controlled by the filament conduction mechanism. For bipolar resistive switching, the conduction process can be explained by the space-charge region of the p-n junction.展开更多
By deriving the discrete-time models of a digitally controlled H-bridge inverter system modulated by bipolar sinu- soidal pulse width modulation （BSPWM） and unipolar double-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulati...By deriving the discrete-time models of a digitally controlled H-bridge inverter system modulated by bipolar sinu- soidal pulse width modulation （BSPWM） and unipolar double-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation （UDFSPWM） respectively, the performances of the two modulation strategies are analyzed in detail. The circuit parameters, used in this paper, are fixed. When the systems, modulated by BSPWM and UDFSPWM, have the same switching frequency, the stabil- ity boundaries of the two systems are the same. However, when the equivalent switching frequencies of the two systems are the same, the BSPWM modulated system is more stable than the UDFSPWM modulated system. In addition, a convenient method of establishing the discrete-time model of piecewise smooth system is presented. Finally, the analytical results are confirmed by circuit simulations and experimental measurements.展开更多
Unipolar memristive devices are an important kind of resistive switching devices. However, few circuit models of them have been proposed. In this paper, we propose the SPICE modeling of flux-controlled unipolar memris...Unipolar memristive devices are an important kind of resistive switching devices. However, few circuit models of them have been proposed. In this paper, we propose the SPICE modeling of flux-controlled unipolar memristive devices based on the memristance versus state map. Using our model, the flux thresholds, ON and OFF resistance, and compliance current can easily be set as model parameters. We simulate the model in HSPICE using model parameters abstracted from real devices, and the simulation results show that the proposed model caters to the real device data very well, thus demonstrating that the model is correct. Using the same modeling methodology, the SPICE model of charge-controlled unipolar memristive devices could also be developed. The proposed model could be used to model resistive memory cells, logical gates as well as synapses in artificial neural networks.展开更多
The identification of the switching location has been a key technology to tune the physical properties of unipolar resistive switching（RS） cells.Here we report the RS properties of Au/Ni O/Sr Ti O3（STO）/Pt memory ...The identification of the switching location has been a key technology to tune the physical properties of unipolar resistive switching（RS） cells.Here we report the RS properties of Au/Ni O/Sr Ti O3（STO）/Pt memory cells.The switching repeatability is closely related to the applied bias polarity,which is different from the scenario of the Au/STO/Pt cells reported in our previous researches.The high resistance in positive bias is greater than that in negative bias.The R（T）–R0I^2 R（T） plot of the on-state I–V curve shows a regular shape only with a slight bend and an abnormal shape with an abrupt increase and decrease under negative and positive bias,respectively.These comparative experimental results reveal that the conductance filament consisting of oxygen vacancies grows from the cathode to the anode.The spatial RS location is identified with the weaker part along the conductance filament length direction,which should be near the Ni O/STO interface and STO/Pt interface under positive and negative bias,respectively.展开更多
The photoacoustic effect was employed to generate short-duration quasi-unipolar acoustic pressure pulses in both planar and spherically focused geometries.In the focal region,the temporal profile of a pressure pulse c...The photoacoustic effect was employed to generate short-duration quasi-unipolar acoustic pressure pulses in both planar and spherically focused geometries.In the focal region,the temporal profile of a pressure pulse can be approximated by the first derivative of the temporal profile near the front transducer surface,with a time-averaged value equal to zero.This approximation agreed with experimental results acquired from photoacoustic transducers with both rigid and free boundaries.For a free boundary,the acoustic pressure in the focal region is equal to the sum of a positive pressure that follows the spatial profile of the optical energy deposition in the medium and a negative pressure that follows the temporal profile of the laser pulse.展开更多
The alternation from bipolar to unipolar resistive switching is observed in perovskite La0.01Sr0.99TiO3 thin films. These two switching modes can be activated separately depending on the compliance current （Icomp） d...The alternation from bipolar to unipolar resistive switching is observed in perovskite La0.01Sr0.99TiO3 thin films. These two switching modes can be activated separately depending on the compliance current （Icomp） during the electroforming process： with a higher Icomp （5 mA） the unipolar resistance switching behavior is measured, while the bipolar resistance switching behavior is observed with a lower Icomp （1 mA）. On the basis of I–V characteristics, the switching mechanisms for the URS and BRS modes are considered as being a change in the Schottky-like barrier height and/or width at the Pt/La-SrTiO3 interface and the formation and disruption of conduction filaments, respectively.展开更多
The power position and influence of a country depend on its comprehensive national power based on economics. While addressing to the press in Kansas on July 6, 1971, President Nixon noted: "Comparing to our overw...The power position and influence of a country depend on its comprehensive national power based on economics. While addressing to the press in Kansas on July 6, 1971, President Nixon noted: "Comparing to our overwhelming position at the end of World War II, the United States is now facing immense challenges that we have never expected before. " He added, "In terms of economics, the United States is no longer a dominant power or an overwhelming global power. At present, there exist not only two superpowers. In consideration of eco-展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous studies using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)revealed changes in gray matter volume(GMV)of patients with depression,but the differences between patients with bipolar disorder(BD)and unipolar depressio...BACKGROUND Previous studies using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)revealed changes in gray matter volume(GMV)of patients with depression,but the differences between patients with bipolar disorder(BD)and unipolar depression(UD)are less known.AIM To analyze the whole-brain GMV data of patients with untreated UD and BD compared with healthy controls.METHODS Fourteen patients with BD and 20 with UD were recruited from the Mental Health Center of Shantou University between August 2014 and July 2015,and 20 nondepressive controls were recruited.After routine three-plane positioning,axial T2WI scanning was performed.The connecting line between the anterior and posterior commissures was used as the scanning baseline.The scanning range extended from the cranial apex to the foramen magnum.Categorical data are presented as frequencies and were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.RESULTS There were no significant intergroup differences in gender,age,or years of education.Disease course,age at the first episode,and Hamilton depression rating scale scores were similar between patients with UD and those with BD.Compared with the non-depressive controls,patients with BD showed smaller GMVs in the right inferior temporal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus,right middle occipital gyrus,and right superior parietal gyrus and larger GMVs in the midbrain,left superior frontal gyrus,and right cerebellum.In contrast,UD patients showed smaller GMVs than the controls in the right fusiform gyrus,left inferior occipital gyrus,left paracentral lobule,right superior and inferior temporal gyri,and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum,and larger GMVs than the controls in the left posterior central gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus.There was no difference in GMV between patients with BD and UD.CONCLUSION Using VBM,the present study revealed that patients with UD and BD have different patterns of changes in GMV when compared with healthy controls.展开更多
Concerning international relations theory, the work of Immanuel Kant was hitherto reflected in terms of the liberal paradigm, particularly of the democratic peace, whereas Carl Schmitt was predominantly associated wit...Concerning international relations theory, the work of Immanuel Kant was hitherto reflected in terms of the liberal paradigm, particularly of the democratic peace, whereas Carl Schmitt was predominantly associated with the assumptions of political realism or--at least for a short period Nazi imperialism. However, these differences seem to have taken a back seat since both thinkers have been adopted to legitimate the convictions of imperial liberalism. In contrast, this article will show that Schmitt and Kant have essentially more in common than generally assumed but do precisely argue against just war theory, humanitarian interventions, and a unipolar world. On the other hand, Kant＇s liberal and Schmitt＇s illiberal theory do not apply to the classical paradigms of intemational relations. Instead, Schmitt＇s Political Theology and Kant＇s Political Philosophy will be compared along with the antagonistic logic （and ethics） of political existentialism and a peaceful interdependence between states and nations. Considering the contemporary crisis of world order, it should be even plausible that the two dominating paradigms of future international relations might be formed by Kantian and Schmittian premises. Thus, the aim of this paper is not to match Kant and Schmitt once again with the usual approaches in international relations theory but to stretch its theoretical and conceptual spectrum by extracting the inventive contribution both thinkers made to important topics of IR.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Fund of Shanghai Pudong New Area,No.PKJ2023-Y20Key Discipline Construction Fund of the Shanghai Pudong New Area Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.PWZxk2022-18Pudong New Area Construction Project of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Comprehensive Reform Pilot Zone,No.PDZY-2022-0501.
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar depression(BD-D)are both intricate,enduring,and profound psychiatric conditions characterized primarily by depressive episodes and cognitive dysfunction.However,distinguishing the characteristics and influencing factors of cognitive impairment in unipolar and BD-D is crucial for identification and intervention.AIM To compare neurocognitive characteristics and investigate associations between cognitive function and clinical features in unipolar and BD-D.METHODS The THINC-integrated tool(THINC-it)as a cognitive assessment tool was applied to 295 individuals:75 patients with depressive disorders(MDD),120 individuals with BD-D,and 100 healthy controls.The Hamilton Depression Scale-17(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale-14(HAMA),and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were employed to assess depression,anxiety,and sleep.Neurocognitive function characteristics and the relationships between cognitive impairment and general clinical attributes were analyzed.RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the overall THINC-it with each objective subscale.However,the subjective subscale(Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item)showed significant differences between MDD and BD-D(P<0.001).Linear regression analyses were explored to determine associations.Age,years of education,age at onset,and HAMD were significantly co-associated with the overall THINC-it and each subscale in both MDD and BD-D(P<0.05).Furthermore,years of education showed a positive correlation with objective cognitive impairment(e.g.,Codebreaker,Trails)(P<0.05).There was a notable difference in that the number of depressive episodes,disease duration,hospitalizations,HAMA,and PSQI were significantly associated with the overall THINC-it with each subscale between MDD and BD-D(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Although both unipolar and BD-D showed similar objective cognitive impairments,there was a significant difference in subjective cognitive impairment.Our findings suggest that factors like age,years of education,age at onset,and depression severity might not be significantly difference in the influence of cognitive impairment.Furthermore,we found that education was a protective factor for cognitive impairment in both unipolar and BD-D.Our analysis revealed that distinct factors including disease duration,number of depressive episodes,hospitalizations,anxiety levels,and sleep quality influenced cognitive impairment between unipolar and BD-D.Therefore,it was important to investigate the specific characteristics of cognitive impairment and influencing factors to identify differentiating unipolar and BD-D.
文摘When studying the phenomenon of the induced electromotive force, which originates from Faraday’s unipolar inductor, the contrast between Faraday’s view of the magnetic field dynamic lines and the theory of relativity is revealed. In order to remove this contradiction, this phenomenon was studied in depth, theoretically and experimentally, using an experimental setup similar to Faraday’s. Calculations of the induced electromotive force, based on relativity on the one hand and on Faraday’s view on the other were made with the help of measurements of the magnetic field components. Accurate magnetic field measurements are confirmed by analytical calculations. Precise-induced electromotive force measurements confirmed Faraday’s view and contradicted the theory of relativity.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81171286 and 91232714)National Basic Research Development Program (973 program) of China (2013CB835100 and 2009CB918303)
文摘Bipolar disorder and unipolar depressive disorder（UD） may be different in brain structure. In the present study,we performed voxel-based morphometry（VBM） to quantify the grey matter volumes in 23 patients with bipolar I depressive disorder（BP1） and 23 patients with UD,and 23 age-,gender-,and educationmatched healthy controls（HCs） using magnetic resonance imaging. We found that compared with the HC and UD groups,the BP1 group showed reduced grey matter volumes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus,while the UD group showed reduced volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus compared to HCs. In addition,correlation analyses revealed that the grey matter volumes of these regions were negatively correlated with the Hamilton depression rating scores. Taken together,the results of our study suggest that decreased grey matter volume of the right inferior frontal gyrus is a common abnormality in BP1 and UD,and decreasedgrey matter volume in the right middle cingulate gyrus may be specifi c to BP1.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.51422201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51172041,51372035,11304035,61574031,and 61404026)+4 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB933703)the"111"Project,China(Grant No.B13013)the Fund from Jilin Province,China(Grant Nos.20140520106JH and 20140201008GX)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20130043110004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.2412015KJ008 and 2412016KJ003)
文摘In this study, the unipolar resistive switching （URS） and bipolar resistive switching （BRS） are demonstrated to be coexistent in the Ag/ZnO/Pt memory device, and both modes are observed to strongly depend on the polarity of forming voltage. The mechanisms of the URS and BRS behaviors could be attributed to the electric-field-induced migration of oxygen vacancies （Vo） and metal-Ag conducting filaments （CFs） respectively, which are confirmed by investigating the temperature dependences of low resistance states in both modes. Furthermore, we compare the resistive switching （RS） characteristics （e.g., forming and switching voltages, reset current and resistance states） between these two modes based on Vo- and Ag-CFs. The BRS mode shows better switching uniformity and lower power than the URS mode. Both of these modes exhibit good RS performances, including good retention, reliable cycling and high-speed switching. The result indicates that the coexistence of URS and BRS behaviors in a single device has great potential applications in future nonvolatile multi-level memory.
基金supported by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202011014)Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(No.SZGSP013)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(No.SZXK072)Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Fund for Sustainable Development Project(No.KCXFZ20201221173613036).
文摘Objective Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)has a higher prevalence in adolescents with depressive disorders than in community adolescents.This study examined the differences in NSSI behaviors between adolescents with unipolar depression(UD)and those with bipolar depression(BD).Methods Adolescents with UD or BD were recruited from 20 general or psychiatric hospitals across China.The methods,frequency,and function of NSSI were assessed by Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation.The Beck Suicide Ideation Scale was used to evaluate adolescents’suicidal ideation,and the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale to estimate the anxiety and depression symptoms.Results The UD group had higher levels of depression(19.16 vs.17.37,F=15.23,P<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(17.73 vs.16.70,F=5.00,P=0.026)than the BD group.Adolescents with BD had a longer course of NSSI than those with UD(2.00 vs.1.00 year,Z=−3.39,P=0.001).There were no statistical differences in the frequency and the number of methods of NSSI between the UD and BD groups.Depression(r=0.408,P<0.01)and anxiety(r=0.391,P<0.01)were significantly and positively related to NSSI frequency.Conclusion Adolescents with BD had a longer course of NSSI than those with UD.More importantly,NSSI frequency were positively and strongly correlated with depression and anxiety symptoms,indicating the importance of adequate treatment of depression and anxiety in preventing and intervening adolescents’NSSI behaviors.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072092 and 51922083)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2019E026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.OCEF.2021018).
文摘Piezoceramics with high and fatigue-resisted piezoelectric properties are strongly desired for actuator ap-plications.In this work,textured Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)ceramics with Lotgering factor F_(001)∼98%were fabricated by templated grain growth technique.Strong[001]c-grain orientation(f∼90%and r∼0.22)of the textured ceramics effectively produced about 230%enhanced piezoelectric coefficient d_(33)^(∗)(i.e.,S_(max)/E_(max))and substantially improved unipolar electrical fatigue resistance.Unipolar polarization P max and d_(33)^(∗)of the textured ceramics were nearly maintained up to 106 unipolar cycles,while 19%and 14%degradations were respectively observed from randomly oriented counterparts.Especially,normal-ized d_(33)^(∗)of the textured ceramics shows better unipolar fatigue resistance than those of piezoceramics reported previously.Much lower bipolar strain asymmetryγs(∼4%)was observed from the textured samples fatigued after 106 unipolar cycles as compared toγs∼23%for randomly oriented counterparts.While charged defect accumulation model described the serious fatigue deteriorations in randomly ori-ented ceramics,the current work revealed that substantially enhanced unipolar fatigue resistance of the textured ceramics is mainly associated with the inherent fatigue anisotropy,weakened local bias fields owing to both enhanced domain mobility and lower defect density near grain boundaries/interfaces,and increased intrinsic contribution due to more tetragonal content.These superior characteristics suggest the great potential of textured ceramics for high-performance and robust actuator applications.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Projects 52177044 and 52025073in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Project 2019T120395+3 种基金in part by Hong Kong Scholars Program under Project XJ2019031in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Project 21KJA470004in part by Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincein part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘This paper proposes a new consequent-pole permanent magnet vernier machine(CPMVM),which can be regarded as a combination of two conventional CPMVM with opposite polarities.Based on the simplified axial magnetic circuit model,it is verified that the proposed CPMVM can reduce the unipolar leakage flux.In order to reduce the torque ripple of machine and improve the output torque of machine,the flux barrier is placed on the rotor of the proposed machine.Then,the parameters of the proposed CPMVM are optimized and determined.Moreover,the electromagnetic performance,including no-load air-gap flux density,average torque and torque ripple,flux linkage,back-electromotive force,cogging torque,average torque,torque ripple,power factor and loss,is compared with conventional surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machine(SPMVM)and CPMVM.Finally,it is demonstrated that proposed CPMVM with flux barrier can effectively reduce the unipolar leakage flux and greatly reduce the torque ripple of machine.Also,compared with the SPMVM,the proposed CPMVM with flux barrier saves more than 45%of the permanent magnet material without reducing output torque.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51262003)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials(Guilin University of Electronic Technology),China(No.1110908-10-Z)
文摘ZnMn_2O_4 thin films were deposited by a sol-gel technique onto a p+-Si substrate, and a RRAM device with the Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si structure was fabricated. The microstructure of ZnMn_2O_4 films and the resistive switching behavior of Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si device were investigated. ZnMn_2O_4 thin films had a spinel structure after annealing at 650 °C for 1 h. The Ag/ZnMn_2O_4/p^+-Si device showed unipolar and/or bipolar resistive switching behavior, exhibiting different ION/IOFF ratio and switching endurance properties. In bipolar resistive switching, high-resistance-state(HRS) conduction was dominated by the space-charge-limited conduction mechanism, whereas the filament conduction mechanism dictated the low resistance state(LRS). For unipolar resistive switching, HRS and LRS were controlled by the filament conduction mechanism. For bipolar resistive switching, the conduction process can be explained by the space-charge region of the p-n junction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51277146)the Foundation of Delta Science,Technologythe Education Development Program for Power Electronics (Grant No. DREG2011003)
文摘By deriving the discrete-time models of a digitally controlled H-bridge inverter system modulated by bipolar sinu- soidal pulse width modulation （BSPWM） and unipolar double-frequency sinusoidal pulse width modulation （UDFSPWM） respectively, the performances of the two modulation strategies are analyzed in detail. The circuit parameters, used in this paper, are fixed. When the systems, modulated by BSPWM and UDFSPWM, have the same switching frequency, the stabil- ity boundaries of the two systems are the same. However, when the equivalent switching frequencies of the two systems are the same, the BSPWM modulated system is more stable than the UDFSPWM modulated system. In addition, a convenient method of establishing the discrete-time model of piecewise smooth system is presented. Finally, the analytical results are confirmed by circuit simulations and experimental measurements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60921062,61003082,and 61272146)
文摘Unipolar memristive devices are an important kind of resistive switching devices. However, few circuit models of them have been proposed. In this paper, we propose the SPICE modeling of flux-controlled unipolar memristive devices based on the memristance versus state map. Using our model, the flux thresholds, ON and OFF resistance, and compliance current can easily be set as model parameters. We simulate the model in HSPICE using model parameters abstracted from real devices, and the simulation results show that the proposed model caters to the real device data very well, thus demonstrating that the model is correct. Using the same modeling methodology, the SPICE model of charge-controlled unipolar memristive devices could also be developed. The proposed model could be used to model resistive memory cells, logical gates as well as synapses in artificial neural networks.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11404093)the Foundation of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China(Grant No.132102210258)+1 种基金the Research Funding from Henan Province,China(Grant Nos.15A140001,2015GGJS-021,and 17HASTIT014)the Henan University Emerging Cross and Characteristic Discipline Cultivation Program,China(Grant No.xxjc20140016)
文摘The identification of the switching location has been a key technology to tune the physical properties of unipolar resistive switching（RS） cells.Here we report the RS properties of Au/Ni O/Sr Ti O3（STO）/Pt memory cells.The switching repeatability is closely related to the applied bias polarity,which is different from the scenario of the Au/STO/Pt cells reported in our previous researches.The high resistance in positive bias is greater than that in negative bias.The R（T）–R0I^2 R（T） plot of the on-state I–V curve shows a regular shape only with a slight bend and an abnormal shape with an abrupt increase and decrease under negative and positive bias,respectively.These comparative experimental results reveal that the conductance filament consisting of oxygen vacancies grows from the cathode to the anode.The spatial RS location is identified with the weaker part along the conductance filament length direction,which should be near the Ni O/STO interface and STO/Pt interface under positive and negative bias,respectively.
基金sponsored in part by National Institutes of Health Grant Nos.R01 EB000712 and R01 NS46214(BRP).
文摘The photoacoustic effect was employed to generate short-duration quasi-unipolar acoustic pressure pulses in both planar and spherically focused geometries.In the focal region,the temporal profile of a pressure pulse can be approximated by the first derivative of the temporal profile near the front transducer surface,with a time-averaged value equal to zero.This approximation agreed with experimental results acquired from photoacoustic transducers with both rigid and free boundaries.For a free boundary,the acoustic pressure in the focal region is equal to the sum of a positive pressure that follows the spatial profile of the optical energy deposition in the medium and a negative pressure that follows the temporal profile of the laser pulse.
基金Project supported by the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11032010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51072171,61274107,61176093,and 11275163)+4 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(Grant No.IRT1080)the National Basic Rearch Program of China(Grant No.2012CB326404)the Key Projects of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(Grant No.12A129)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20104301110001)the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province,China
文摘The alternation from bipolar to unipolar resistive switching is observed in perovskite La0.01Sr0.99TiO3 thin films. These two switching modes can be activated separately depending on the compliance current （Icomp） during the electroforming process： with a higher Icomp （5 mA） the unipolar resistance switching behavior is measured, while the bipolar resistance switching behavior is observed with a lower Icomp （1 mA）. On the basis of I–V characteristics, the switching mechanisms for the URS and BRS modes are considered as being a change in the Schottky-like barrier height and/or width at the Pt/La-SrTiO3 interface and the formation and disruption of conduction filaments, respectively.
文摘The power position and influence of a country depend on its comprehensive national power based on economics. While addressing to the press in Kansas on July 6, 1971, President Nixon noted: "Comparing to our overwhelming position at the end of World War II, the United States is now facing immense challenges that we have never expected before. " He added, "In terms of economics, the United States is no longer a dominant power or an overwhelming global power. At present, there exist not only two superpowers. In consideration of eco-
基金Supported by the Youth Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81701338And the Shantou Medical Science and Technology Plan Project,No.20150406.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)revealed changes in gray matter volume(GMV)of patients with depression,but the differences between patients with bipolar disorder(BD)and unipolar depression(UD)are less known.AIM To analyze the whole-brain GMV data of patients with untreated UD and BD compared with healthy controls.METHODS Fourteen patients with BD and 20 with UD were recruited from the Mental Health Center of Shantou University between August 2014 and July 2015,and 20 nondepressive controls were recruited.After routine three-plane positioning,axial T2WI scanning was performed.The connecting line between the anterior and posterior commissures was used as the scanning baseline.The scanning range extended from the cranial apex to the foramen magnum.Categorical data are presented as frequencies and were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.RESULTS There were no significant intergroup differences in gender,age,or years of education.Disease course,age at the first episode,and Hamilton depression rating scale scores were similar between patients with UD and those with BD.Compared with the non-depressive controls,patients with BD showed smaller GMVs in the right inferior temporal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus,right middle occipital gyrus,and right superior parietal gyrus and larger GMVs in the midbrain,left superior frontal gyrus,and right cerebellum.In contrast,UD patients showed smaller GMVs than the controls in the right fusiform gyrus,left inferior occipital gyrus,left paracentral lobule,right superior and inferior temporal gyri,and the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum,and larger GMVs than the controls in the left posterior central gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus.There was no difference in GMV between patients with BD and UD.CONCLUSION Using VBM,the present study revealed that patients with UD and BD have different patterns of changes in GMV when compared with healthy controls.
文摘Concerning international relations theory, the work of Immanuel Kant was hitherto reflected in terms of the liberal paradigm, particularly of the democratic peace, whereas Carl Schmitt was predominantly associated with the assumptions of political realism or--at least for a short period Nazi imperialism. However, these differences seem to have taken a back seat since both thinkers have been adopted to legitimate the convictions of imperial liberalism. In contrast, this article will show that Schmitt and Kant have essentially more in common than generally assumed but do precisely argue against just war theory, humanitarian interventions, and a unipolar world. On the other hand, Kant＇s liberal and Schmitt＇s illiberal theory do not apply to the classical paradigms of intemational relations. Instead, Schmitt＇s Political Theology and Kant＇s Political Philosophy will be compared along with the antagonistic logic （and ethics） of political existentialism and a peaceful interdependence between states and nations. Considering the contemporary crisis of world order, it should be even plausible that the two dominating paradigms of future international relations might be formed by Kantian and Schmittian premises. Thus, the aim of this paper is not to match Kant and Schmitt once again with the usual approaches in international relations theory but to stretch its theoretical and conceptual spectrum by extracting the inventive contribution both thinkers made to important topics of IR.
