Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This met...Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This method is essential for large-scale hydrogen storage to support renewable energy integration,fuel cell technologies,and other applications aimed at mitigating global climate change.This review examines underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in geological formations,focusing on recent experiments,modeling and simulations,and field applications.Geological formations such as depleted oil reservoirs,salt caverns,and depleted natural gas reservoirs are identified as favorable candidates due to minimal interactions with hydrogen,leading to low hydrogen loss.Globally,80%of UHS projects utilize depleted natural gas and oil reservoirs,with over 50%focused on depleted natural gas and oil condensate reservoirs due to cost-effective existing infrastructure.Among storage options,salt caverns are the most advantageous,offering self-healing properties,low caprock permeability,large storage capacity,rapid injection and withdrawal rates,and low contamination risk.Additionally,hydrogen produced from coal is the cheapest option,costing 1.2e2 USD/kg,whereas hydrogen from renewable sources,such as water,is the most expensive at 3e13 USD/kg.Despite its higher cost,green hydrogen from water,characterized by low carbon emissions,requires further research to reduce production costs.This review highlights critical research gaps,challenges,and policy recommendations to advance UHS technologies,ensuring their role in combating climate change.展开更多
为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增...为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增加。随后,在黏土和砂土的统一硬化模型(unified hardening model for cloy and sand,CSUH模型)的理论框架下,引入了咬合应力参数以描述临界状态的强度特征;提出了非耦合塑性体应变的概念,从微观层面解释了低围压下强剪胀的机制,在分析围压对压剪耦合影响规律的基础上,构造了非耦合塑性体应变的表达式,继而建立了一个可细化描述围压效应的砂土统一硬化(unified hardening,UH)模型。相较于CSUH模型,考虑围压效应的UH模型仅增加了两个参数,且参数易于确定。最后,通过与试验数据、CSUH模型预测结果对比,验证了所建立模型的合理性及适用性。展开更多
Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of S...Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency spectrum.Because of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different frequencies.Using low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,China.Using the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak area.As a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the experiment.When electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe ring.The method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,China.It can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.展开更多
Amidst the rapid development of renewable energy,the intermittency and instability of energy supply pose severe challenges and impose higher requirements on energy storage systems.Among the various energy storage tech...Amidst the rapid development of renewable energy,the intermittency and instability of energy supply pose severe challenges and impose higher requirements on energy storage systems.Among the various energy storage technologies,the coupled approach of power-to-hydrogen(H2)and underground H2storage(UHS)offers advantages such as extended storage duration and large-scale capacity,making it highly promising for future development.However,during UHS,particularly in porous media,microbial metabolic processes such as methanogenesis,acetogenesis,and sulfate reduction may lead to H2consumption and the production of byproducts.These microbial activities can impact the efficiency and safety of UHS both positively and negatively.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review of experimental,numerical,and field studies on microbial interactions in UHS within porous media,aiming to capture research progress and elucidate microbial effects.It begins by outlining the primary types of UHS and the key microbial metabolic processes involved.Subsequently,the paper introduces the experimental approaches for investigating gas-water-rock-microbe interactions and interfacial properties,the models and simulators used in numerical studies,and the procedures implemented in field trials.Furthermore,it analyzes and discusses microbial interactions and their positive and negative impacts on UHS in porous media,focusing on aspects such as H2consumption,H2flow,and storage safety.Based on these insights,recommendations for site selection,engineering operations,and on-site monitoring of UHS,as well as potential future research directions,are provided.展开更多
文摘目的探讨局麻下使用UHS疝装置(Ultrapro Hernia System)行无张力疝修补手术的优点及临床疗效。方法采用对照研究的方法分析我院2009年12月至2010年12月间收治的114例UHS疝装置无张力疝修补患者(A组)与110例疝环充填式疝修补患者(B组)的临床资料,比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率等,并采用视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)随访评估其术后疼痛程度变化。结果1、两组患者在手术时间、住院时间方面无统计学差异(P<0.05),A组患者住院费用明显高于B组(8148元±1007元vs 6488元±845元,P=0.000);2、两组患者术后早期并发症总发生率无明显差异(8.8%vs 7.3%,P=0.680),A组患者术后异物感发生率低于B组(9.6%vs 20.9%,P=0.019);3、术后1天两组患者疼痛程度无明显差异(3.9±1.2 vs 4.2±1.4,P=0.120),而A组患者术后1个月及术后6个月疼痛程度均低于B组(分别为2.6±1.5 vs 3.1±1.9,P=0.032;1.2±1.1 vs 1.8±1.3,P=0.000)。结论UHS疝装置在局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术中疗效安全可靠,且可有效减少腹股沟疝修补术后患者的不适反应,是值得推广的腹股沟疝修补手术方式。
基金the Chinese Scholarship Council for their support(Grant No.2022GXZ005733).
文摘Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This method is essential for large-scale hydrogen storage to support renewable energy integration,fuel cell technologies,and other applications aimed at mitigating global climate change.This review examines underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in geological formations,focusing on recent experiments,modeling and simulations,and field applications.Geological formations such as depleted oil reservoirs,salt caverns,and depleted natural gas reservoirs are identified as favorable candidates due to minimal interactions with hydrogen,leading to low hydrogen loss.Globally,80%of UHS projects utilize depleted natural gas and oil reservoirs,with over 50%focused on depleted natural gas and oil condensate reservoirs due to cost-effective existing infrastructure.Among storage options,salt caverns are the most advantageous,offering self-healing properties,low caprock permeability,large storage capacity,rapid injection and withdrawal rates,and low contamination risk.Additionally,hydrogen produced from coal is the cheapest option,costing 1.2e2 USD/kg,whereas hydrogen from renewable sources,such as water,is the most expensive at 3e13 USD/kg.Despite its higher cost,green hydrogen from water,characterized by low carbon emissions,requires further research to reduce production costs.This review highlights critical research gaps,challenges,and policy recommendations to advance UHS technologies,ensuring their role in combating climate change.
文摘为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增加。随后,在黏土和砂土的统一硬化模型(unified hardening model for cloy and sand,CSUH模型)的理论框架下,引入了咬合应力参数以描述临界状态的强度特征;提出了非耦合塑性体应变的概念,从微观层面解释了低围压下强剪胀的机制,在分析围压对压剪耦合影响规律的基础上,构造了非耦合塑性体应变的表达式,继而建立了一个可细化描述围压效应的砂土统一硬化(unified hardening,UH)模型。相较于CSUH模型,考虑围压效应的UH模型仅增加了两个参数,且参数易于确定。最后,通过与试验数据、CSUH模型预测结果对比,验证了所建立模型的合理性及适用性。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFA1606401 and 2018YFA0404401)the Young Scholar of Regional Development,CAS ([2023] 15)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences Stable Support for Young Teams in Basic Research (No. YSBR-002)Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB34000000)
文摘Schottky mass spectrometry utilizing heavy-ion storage rings is a powerful technique for the precise mass and decay half-life measurements of highly charged ions.Owing to the nondestructive ion detection features of Schottky noise detectors,the number of stored ions in the ring is determined by the peak area in the measured revolution frequency spectrum.Because of their intrinsic amplitude-frequency characteristic(AFC),Schottky detector systems exhibit varying sensitivities at different frequencies.Using low-energy electron-cooled stored ions,a new method is developed to calibrate the AFC curve of the Schottky detector system of the Experimental Cooler Storage Ring(CSRe)storage ring located in Lanzhou,China.Using the amplitude-calibrated frequency spectrum,a notable refinement was observed in the precision of both the peak position and peak area.As a result,the storage lifetimes of the electron-cooled fully ionized^(56)Fe^(26+)ions were determined with high precision at beam energies of 13.7 and 116.4 MeV/u,despite of frequency drifts during the experiment.When electron cooling was turned off,the effective vacuum condition experienced by the 116.4 MeV/u^(56)Fe^(26+)ions was determined using amplitude-calibrated spectra,revealing a value of 2×10^(−10)mbar,which is consistent with vacuum gauge readings along the CSRe ring.The method reported herein will be adapted for the next-generation storage ring of the HIAF facility under construction in Huizhou,China.It can also be adapted to other storage ring facilities worldwide to improve precision and enhance lifetime measurements using many ions in the ring.
基金supported by the European Union's“Horizon Europe programme”—LOC3G(Grant No.101129729)the Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(Grant No.GZS2024001)。
文摘Amidst the rapid development of renewable energy,the intermittency and instability of energy supply pose severe challenges and impose higher requirements on energy storage systems.Among the various energy storage technologies,the coupled approach of power-to-hydrogen(H2)and underground H2storage(UHS)offers advantages such as extended storage duration and large-scale capacity,making it highly promising for future development.However,during UHS,particularly in porous media,microbial metabolic processes such as methanogenesis,acetogenesis,and sulfate reduction may lead to H2consumption and the production of byproducts.These microbial activities can impact the efficiency and safety of UHS both positively and negatively.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review of experimental,numerical,and field studies on microbial interactions in UHS within porous media,aiming to capture research progress and elucidate microbial effects.It begins by outlining the primary types of UHS and the key microbial metabolic processes involved.Subsequently,the paper introduces the experimental approaches for investigating gas-water-rock-microbe interactions and interfacial properties,the models and simulators used in numerical studies,and the procedures implemented in field trials.Furthermore,it analyzes and discusses microbial interactions and their positive and negative impacts on UHS in porous media,focusing on aspects such as H2consumption,H2flow,and storage safety.Based on these insights,recommendations for site selection,engineering operations,and on-site monitoring of UHS,as well as potential future research directions,are provided.
