Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This met...Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This method is essential for large-scale hydrogen storage to support renewable energy integration,fuel cell technologies,and other applications aimed at mitigating global climate change.This review examines underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in geological formations,focusing on recent experiments,modeling and simulations,and field applications.Geological formations such as depleted oil reservoirs,salt caverns,and depleted natural gas reservoirs are identified as favorable candidates due to minimal interactions with hydrogen,leading to low hydrogen loss.Globally,80%of UHS projects utilize depleted natural gas and oil reservoirs,with over 50%focused on depleted natural gas and oil condensate reservoirs due to cost-effective existing infrastructure.Among storage options,salt caverns are the most advantageous,offering self-healing properties,low caprock permeability,large storage capacity,rapid injection and withdrawal rates,and low contamination risk.Additionally,hydrogen produced from coal is the cheapest option,costing 1.2e2 USD/kg,whereas hydrogen from renewable sources,such as water,is the most expensive at 3e13 USD/kg.Despite its higher cost,green hydrogen from water,characterized by low carbon emissions,requires further research to reduce production costs.This review highlights critical research gaps,challenges,and policy recommendations to advance UHS technologies,ensuring their role in combating climate change.展开更多
为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增...为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增加。随后,在黏土和砂土的统一硬化模型(unified hardening model for cloy and sand,CSUH模型)的理论框架下,引入了咬合应力参数以描述临界状态的强度特征;提出了非耦合塑性体应变的概念,从微观层面解释了低围压下强剪胀的机制,在分析围压对压剪耦合影响规律的基础上,构造了非耦合塑性体应变的表达式,继而建立了一个可细化描述围压效应的砂土统一硬化(unified hardening,UH)模型。相较于CSUH模型,考虑围压效应的UH模型仅增加了两个参数,且参数易于确定。最后,通过与试验数据、CSUH模型预测结果对比,验证了所建立模型的合理性及适用性。展开更多
文摘目的探讨局麻下使用UHS疝装置(Ultrapro Hernia System)行无张力疝修补手术的优点及临床疗效。方法采用对照研究的方法分析我院2009年12月至2010年12月间收治的114例UHS疝装置无张力疝修补患者(A组)与110例疝环充填式疝修补患者(B组)的临床资料,比较两组患者手术时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发生率等,并采用视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)随访评估其术后疼痛程度变化。结果1、两组患者在手术时间、住院时间方面无统计学差异(P<0.05),A组患者住院费用明显高于B组(8148元±1007元vs 6488元±845元,P=0.000);2、两组患者术后早期并发症总发生率无明显差异(8.8%vs 7.3%,P=0.680),A组患者术后异物感发生率低于B组(9.6%vs 20.9%,P=0.019);3、术后1天两组患者疼痛程度无明显差异(3.9±1.2 vs 4.2±1.4,P=0.120),而A组患者术后1个月及术后6个月疼痛程度均低于B组(分别为2.6±1.5 vs 3.1±1.9,P=0.032;1.2±1.1 vs 1.8±1.3,P=0.000)。结论UHS疝装置在局麻下腹股沟疝无张力修补术中疗效安全可靠,且可有效减少腹股沟疝修补术后患者的不适反应,是值得推广的腹股沟疝修补手术方式。
基金the Chinese Scholarship Council for their support(Grant No.2022GXZ005733).
文摘Surface hydrogen storage facilities are limited and costly,making subsurface hydrogen storage in geological formations a more viable alternative due to its substantial capacity,safety,and economic feasibility.This method is essential for large-scale hydrogen storage to support renewable energy integration,fuel cell technologies,and other applications aimed at mitigating global climate change.This review examines underground hydrogen storage(UHS)in geological formations,focusing on recent experiments,modeling and simulations,and field applications.Geological formations such as depleted oil reservoirs,salt caverns,and depleted natural gas reservoirs are identified as favorable candidates due to minimal interactions with hydrogen,leading to low hydrogen loss.Globally,80%of UHS projects utilize depleted natural gas and oil reservoirs,with over 50%focused on depleted natural gas and oil condensate reservoirs due to cost-effective existing infrastructure.Among storage options,salt caverns are the most advantageous,offering self-healing properties,low caprock permeability,large storage capacity,rapid injection and withdrawal rates,and low contamination risk.Additionally,hydrogen produced from coal is the cheapest option,costing 1.2e2 USD/kg,whereas hydrogen from renewable sources,such as water,is the most expensive at 3e13 USD/kg.Despite its higher cost,green hydrogen from water,characterized by low carbon emissions,requires further research to reduce production costs.This review highlights critical research gaps,challenges,and policy recommendations to advance UHS technologies,ensuring their role in combating climate change.
文摘为更好地描述砂土力学行为的围压相关性,首先,分析总结了砂土基本力学特性随围压的变化规律:随围压的降低,砂土基本力学性质表现出更为强烈的围压依赖性,临界状态应力比由常量变为随围压敏感的变量,剪胀也由随围压平缓变化转变为急剧增加。随后,在黏土和砂土的统一硬化模型(unified hardening model for cloy and sand,CSUH模型)的理论框架下,引入了咬合应力参数以描述临界状态的强度特征;提出了非耦合塑性体应变的概念,从微观层面解释了低围压下强剪胀的机制,在分析围压对压剪耦合影响规律的基础上,构造了非耦合塑性体应变的表达式,继而建立了一个可细化描述围压效应的砂土统一硬化(unified hardening,UH)模型。相较于CSUH模型,考虑围压效应的UH模型仅增加了两个参数,且参数易于确定。最后,通过与试验数据、CSUH模型预测结果对比,验证了所建立模型的合理性及适用性。
