Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durabili...Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a viable solution for manufacturing complexshaped WC−Co cemented carbide products,thereby expanding their applications in industries such as resource mining,equipmen...Additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a viable solution for manufacturing complexshaped WC−Co cemented carbide products,thereby expanding their applications in industries such as resource mining,equipment manufacturing,and electronic information.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress of AM technology in WC−Co cemented carbides.The fundamental principles and classification of AM techniques are introduced,followed by a categorization and evaluation of the AM techniques for WC−Co cemented carbides.These techniques are classified as either direct AM technology(DAM)or indirect AM technology(IDAM),depending on their inclusion of post-processes like de-binding and sintering.Through an analysis of microstructure features,the most suitable AM route for WC−Co cemented carbide products with controllable microstructure is identified as the indirect AM technology,such as binder jet printing(BJP),which integrates AM with conventional powder metallurgy.展开更多
Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing addit...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.展开更多
According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM),China's auto industry reached record highs in 2025,with production and sales at 34.53 million and 34.4 million vehicles,respectively.This secur...According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM),China's auto industry reached record highs in 2025,with production and sales at 34.53 million and 34.4 million vehicles,respectively.This secured China's position as the world's largest auto market for the 17th year in a row.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Th...Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.展开更多
Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control mate...Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.展开更多
Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps...Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps it fresh,a cooker hood that remains clean even after 10 years without disassembling it for cleaning.展开更多
The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them w...The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.展开更多
By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achi...By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.展开更多
Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes canno...Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes cannot achieve high active material loading and efficient ion/electron transport simultaneously.By contrast,three-dimensional(3D)structures have attracted increasing interest because of their capacity to enhance active material utilization,shorten ion and electron transport pathways,reduce interfacial impedance,and provide spatial accommodation for volume expansion.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology effectively fabricates energy-storage materials with 3D structures by accurately constructing complex 3D structures via layer-by-layer deposition.Recent studies have employed AM to construct ordered 3D electrodes that can optimize ion/electron transport,regulate electric field distribution,or improve the electrode-electrolyte interface,thereby contributing to enhanced kinetic performance and cycling stability.This review systematically summarizes the applications of several AM technologies in the fabrication of energy storage materials and analyzes their respective advantages and limitations.Subsequently,the advantages of AM technology in the fabrication of energy storage materials and several major optimization strategies are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the major challenges and potential applications of AM technology in energy storage material optimization are discussed.展开更多
Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent ...Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.展开更多
First held in 1947,Hannover Messe is among the worlde's most influential industrial technology exhibitions.The 2025 fair,themed"Empowering Sustainable Development of Industry",will focus on AI and energy...First held in 1947,Hannover Messe is among the worlde's most influential industrial technology exhibitions.The 2025 fair,themed"Empowering Sustainable Development of Industry",will focus on AI and energy transition,highlighting the role of technological innovation in sustainable industrial development.展开更多
Co-precipitation strengthening of the L1_(2)nano-particles along with hard intermetallic phases,including L2_(1),B2,σandη,demonstrates significant potential for the development of advanced CoCrFeNi high-entropy allo...Co-precipitation strengthening of the L1_(2)nano-particles along with hard intermetallic phases,including L2_(1),B2,σandη,demonstrates significant potential for the development of advanced CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with favorable strength-ductility balances.Understanding the alloying effect of Al and Ti on the formation and stability of these intermetallic phases in the CoCrFeNi HEAs is crucial for efficiently exploring the multi-component space for future alloy designs.In the present work,stepwise compositionally graded CoCrFeNi-AlTi HEAs comprising 35 different compositions were fabricated using high-throughput additive manufacturing(AM)and analyzed through a suite of localized characterization techniques.Our analysis confirmed the existence of two primary solid solution phases,face-centered cubic(FCC)and body-centered cubic(BCC),as well as four distinct intermetallic phases,which include L1_(2),L2_(1),σandη.By overlapping the zero phase fraction(ZPF)lines of these phases,the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the multi-component CoCrFeNi-AlTi system at 800℃was determined,demonstrating good agreement with the literature results.Furthermore,the composition-dependent microstructural evolution and Vickers hardness(HV)were also established,providing numerous opportunities to design CoCrFeNi-AlTi HEAs with superior microstructure stability and balanced strength-ductility properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures.展开更多
The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully ci...The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),respectively.With the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire deposits.Microstructure characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α phases.The mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and discussed.The mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat treatment.No fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust interface.The findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.展开更多
From an era when even basic necessities like matches and soap had to be imported,China has transformed into the world's largest manufacturing powerhouse with the most comprehensive range of industrial sectors.&quo...From an era when even basic necessities like matches and soap had to be imported,China has transformed into the world's largest manufacturing powerhouse with the most comprehensive range of industrial sectors."China has always adhered to the path of developing the real economy…which has proven to be the right path".展开更多
Owing to the lack of matching commercial welding wires,the development of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)for most aluminum alloys is hindered.A wire-powder synchronous arc additive manufacturing(WPAAM)was propos...Owing to the lack of matching commercial welding wires,the development of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)for most aluminum alloys is hindered.A wire-powder synchronous arc additive manufacturing(WPAAM)was proposed to prepare the target Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy.Based on the synchronous deposition of AlSi_(12) wire and pure Mg powder,the deposition width of the WPAAMed thin-wall was increased by 61% compared with that of WAAMed thin-wall using AlSi_(12) wire,and the machining allowance was reduced by 81%.The added Mg powder benefited to form refined equiaxed grains,and reduced the average grain size of the WPAAMed thin-wall to 47.1μm,showing a decrease of 23.8% relatively to that of the WAAMed thin-wall.Besides,Mg reacted with Si to form Mg_(2)Si strengthening phases.The mechanical properties tests showed that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the WPAAMed thin-wall increased up to 174.5 MPa and 4.1%,reaching 92% and 60% those of the WAAMed thin-wall,respectively.展开更多
At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-laye...At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.展开更多
Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)has been widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace,nuclear power,and shipbuilding.However,it is a grand challenge for direct and continuous observation of complex ...Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)has been widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace,nuclear power,and shipbuilding.However,it is a grand challenge for direct and continuous observation of complex laser-matter interaction,melt flow,and defect formation during LAM due to extremely large temperature gradient,fast cooling rate,and small time(millisecond)and space(micron)scales.The emergence of synchrotron radiation provides a feasible approach for in situ observation of the LAM process.This paper outlines the current development in real-time characterization of LAM by synchrotron radiation,including laser-matter interaction,molten pool evolution,solidification structure evolution,and defects formation and elimination.Furthermore,the future development direction and application-oriented research are also discussed.展开更多
基金National MCF Energy R&D Program(2024YFE03260300)。
文摘Refractory metals,including tungsten(W),tantalum(Ta),molybdenum(Mo),and niobium(Nb),play a vital role in industries,such as nuclear energy and aerospace,owing to their exceptional melting temperatures,thermal durability,and corrosion resistance.These metals have body-centered cubic crystal structure,characterized by limited slip systems and impeded dislocation motion,resulting in significant low-temperature brittleness,which poses challenges for the conventional processing.Additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative approach,enabling the production of intricate parts without molds,which significantly improves the efficiency of material usage.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in additive manufacturing techniques for the production of refractory metals,such as W,Ta,Mo,and Nb,particularly the laser powder bed fusion.In this review,the influence mechanisms of key process parameters(laser power,scan strategy,and powder characteristics)on the evolution of material microstructure,the formation of metallurgical defects,and mechanical properties were discussed.Generally,optimizing powder characteristics,such as sphericity,implementing substrate preheating,and formulating alloying strategies can significantly improve the densification and crack resistance of manufactured parts.Meanwhile,strictly controlling the oxygen impurity content and optimizing the energy density input are also the key factors to achieve the simultaneous improvement in strength and ductility of refractory metals.Although additive manufacturing technique provides an innovative solution for processing refractory metals,critical issues,such as residual stress control,microstructure and performance anisotropy,and process stability,still need to be addressed.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the additive manufacturing of high-performance refractory metals,but also proposes forward-looking directions for their industrial application.
基金supported by Major Science and Technology Projects in Fujian Province,China(No.2023HZ021005)State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Functional Materials,China。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)technology has emerged as a viable solution for manufacturing complexshaped WC−Co cemented carbide products,thereby expanding their applications in industries such as resource mining,equipment manufacturing,and electronic information.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the progress of AM technology in WC−Co cemented carbides.The fundamental principles and classification of AM techniques are introduced,followed by a categorization and evaluation of the AM techniques for WC−Co cemented carbides.These techniques are classified as either direct AM technology(DAM)or indirect AM technology(IDAM),depending on their inclusion of post-processes like de-binding and sintering.Through an analysis of microstructure features,the most suitable AM route for WC−Co cemented carbide products with controllable microstructure is identified as the indirect AM technology,such as binder jet printing(BJP),which integrates AM with conventional powder metallurgy.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600902)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(ZR2024YQ020)。
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.
文摘According to the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM),China's auto industry reached record highs in 2025,with production and sales at 34.53 million and 34.4 million vehicles,respectively.This secured China's position as the world's largest auto market for the 17th year in a row.
基金support from the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project codes:RMJK and 4-ZZSJ)supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU15212523).
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),with its high flexibility,cost-effectiveness,and customization,significantly accelerates the advancement of nanogenerators,contributing to sustainable energy solutions and the Internet of Things.In this review,an in-depth analysis of AM for piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators is presented from the perspectives of fundamental mechanisms,recent advancements,and future prospects.It highlights AM-enabled advantages of versatility across materials,structural topology optimization,microstructure design,and integrated printing,which enhance critical performance indicators of nanogenerators,such as surface charge density and piezoelectric constant,thereby improving device performance compared to conventional fabrication.Common AM techniques for nanogenerators,including fused deposition modeling,direct ink writing,stereolithography,and digital light processing,are systematically examined in terms of their working principles,improved metrics(output voltage/current,power density),theoretical explanation,and application scopes.Hierarchical relationships connecting AM technologies with performance optimization and applications of nanogenerators are elucidated,providing a solid foundation for advancements in energy harvesting,self-powered sensors,wearable devices,and human-machine interaction.Furthermore,the challenges related to fabrication quality,cross-scale manufacturing,processing efficiency,and industrial deployment are critically discussed.Finally,the future prospects of AM for nanogenerators are explored,aiming to foster continuous progress and innovation in this field.
基金financially supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(No.IMSIU-DDRSP2503)。
文摘Functionally graded cellular structures(FGCSs)have a multitude of applications to a wide range of industries.Utilising the ever-progressing technology of additive manufacturing(AM),FGCSs can be applied to control material grading and achieve the desired mechanical properties.The current study explores the design and optimisation of FGCSs for AM,with a focus on improving the compression and impact performance of below knee(BK)prosthetic limbs made of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU).A multiscale research methodology integrating topology optimization(TO),finite element analysis(FEA),and design of experiments(Do E)was adopted to optimise lattice structures in terms of stiffness and lightweight properties.Two-unit cell designs were considered in the study:Schwarz P gyroid and body-centered cubic(BCC).Response surface methodology(RSM)was implemented to analyse the effect of minimum and maximum cell wall thickness,cell size,and unit cell type on the mechanical performance of TPU FGCS structures.The results indicated that a Schwarz P FGCS structure with cell size,minimum and maximum cell wall thickness of 6,0.9 and 2.8 mm,respectively,could be optimal for a compromise between performance and weight.In this optimized case,stiffness and volume fraction values of 684 N/mm and 0.64 were obtained,respectively.The study also presents a proof-of-concept design for a BK prosthetic damper,highlighting the potential of FGCSs to enhance patient comfort,reduce manufacturing costs,and enable personalised designs through 3D scanning and AM.The obtained results could be a step forward towards the incorporation of AM technologies in prosthetics,offering a pathway to lightweight,cost-effective,and functionally tailored solutions.
文摘Nanjing’s determination to transform itself from a production base to a research center reflects China’s evolution toward higher-quality development.A refrigerator that thaws frozen meat in 10 minutes and then keeps it fresh,a cooker hood that remains clean even after 10 years without disassembling it for cleaning.
文摘The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.
文摘By comparing the growth trajectories of East Asia and Latin America,this study finds that during industrialization,East Asian economies actively advanced their manufacturing sectors toward high-end production and achieved a higher relative density of high-skilled labor within this sector.In contrast,Latin American economies experienced a“low-end lock-in”in manufacturing,with high-skilled labor more heavily concentrated in the service sector.To provide a unified explanation of these patterns of industrial transformation and labor allocation,this paper develops a three-sector general equilibrium model that includes basic manufacturing(BM),high-end manufacturing(HM),and services,and incorporates labor heterogeneity.The model captures how,under different development thresholds for HM,the allocation of high-skilled labor across sectors leads to two distinct structural transformation paths:from BM to HM,or from BM to services.These paths,in turn,generate different trajectories of human capital accumulation and economic growth performance.Simulation analysis shows that dynamically adjusted industrial policies are more effective than static ones,and that combining education policy with industrial policy yields better outcomes than either policy alone.This study extends theoretical research on industrial structural transformation,highlights the importance of HM for latecomer economies,and offers theoretical underpinnings and decision-making insights for advancing new industrialization and deepening integration between industrial and talent chains.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52574411)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2242043).
文摘Achieving high energy and power densities is currently a core challenge in the fabrication of energy storage materials.Although numerous high-capacity materials have been developed,conventional planar electrodes cannot achieve high active material loading and efficient ion/electron transport simultaneously.By contrast,three-dimensional(3D)structures have attracted increasing interest because of their capacity to enhance active material utilization,shorten ion and electron transport pathways,reduce interfacial impedance,and provide spatial accommodation for volume expansion.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology effectively fabricates energy-storage materials with 3D structures by accurately constructing complex 3D structures via layer-by-layer deposition.Recent studies have employed AM to construct ordered 3D electrodes that can optimize ion/electron transport,regulate electric field distribution,or improve the electrode-electrolyte interface,thereby contributing to enhanced kinetic performance and cycling stability.This review systematically summarizes the applications of several AM technologies in the fabrication of energy storage materials and analyzes their respective advantages and limitations.Subsequently,the advantages of AM technology in the fabrication of energy storage materials and several major optimization strategies are comprehensively discussed.Finally,the major challenges and potential applications of AM technology in energy storage material optimization are discussed.
文摘Yunhe County in Lishui City,southwestern Zhejiang Province,doesn’t have any Disney castles.Instead,it has built bridges to the world with wood.Known as“China’s town of wooden toys,”accounting for about 40 percent of the global wooden toy market,Yunhe’s story began with a small factory established in 1970.Today,it has grown into a distinctive industrial cluster with an annual output value exceeding 8 billion yuan($1.15 billion),exporting products to 82 countries and regions.
文摘First held in 1947,Hannover Messe is among the worlde's most influential industrial technology exhibitions.The 2025 fair,themed"Empowering Sustainable Development of Industry",will focus on AI and energy transition,highlighting the role of technological innovation in sustainable industrial development.
基金supported by Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201909081,tsqn202211115,and tsqn202306162)Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.ZR2021QE102,ZR2020ZD05,and ZR2022ME067)+1 种基金the Science Foundation Program for Distinguished Young Scholars(Overseas)of Shandong Province(No.2022HWYQ-084)the Talent Training Program for Shandong Province Higher Educational Youth Innovative Teams(2021).
文摘Co-precipitation strengthening of the L1_(2)nano-particles along with hard intermetallic phases,including L2_(1),B2,σandη,demonstrates significant potential for the development of advanced CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)with favorable strength-ductility balances.Understanding the alloying effect of Al and Ti on the formation and stability of these intermetallic phases in the CoCrFeNi HEAs is crucial for efficiently exploring the multi-component space for future alloy designs.In the present work,stepwise compositionally graded CoCrFeNi-AlTi HEAs comprising 35 different compositions were fabricated using high-throughput additive manufacturing(AM)and analyzed through a suite of localized characterization techniques.Our analysis confirmed the existence of two primary solid solution phases,face-centered cubic(FCC)and body-centered cubic(BCC),as well as four distinct intermetallic phases,which include L1_(2),L2_(1),σandη.By overlapping the zero phase fraction(ZPF)lines of these phases,the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the multi-component CoCrFeNi-AlTi system at 800℃was determined,demonstrating good agreement with the literature results.Furthermore,the composition-dependent microstructural evolution and Vickers hardness(HV)were also established,providing numerous opportunities to design CoCrFeNi-AlTi HEAs with superior microstructure stability and balanced strength-ductility properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures.
基金financially supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*Star),Republic of Singapore,under the Aerospace Consortium Cycle 12“Characterization of the Effect of Wire and Powder Deposited Materials”(No.A1815a0078)。
文摘The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),respectively.With the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire deposits.Microstructure characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α phases.The mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and discussed.The mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat treatment.No fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust interface.The findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.
文摘From an era when even basic necessities like matches and soap had to be imported,China has transformed into the world's largest manufacturing powerhouse with the most comprehensive range of industrial sectors."China has always adhered to the path of developing the real economy…which has proven to be the right path".
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205360)。
文摘Owing to the lack of matching commercial welding wires,the development of wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)for most aluminum alloys is hindered.A wire-powder synchronous arc additive manufacturing(WPAAM)was proposed to prepare the target Al-Si-Mg aluminum alloy.Based on the synchronous deposition of AlSi_(12) wire and pure Mg powder,the deposition width of the WPAAMed thin-wall was increased by 61% compared with that of WAAMed thin-wall using AlSi_(12) wire,and the machining allowance was reduced by 81%.The added Mg powder benefited to form refined equiaxed grains,and reduced the average grain size of the WPAAMed thin-wall to 47.1μm,showing a decrease of 23.8% relatively to that of the WAAMed thin-wall.Besides,Mg reacted with Si to form Mg_(2)Si strengthening phases.The mechanical properties tests showed that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the WPAAMed thin-wall increased up to 174.5 MPa and 4.1%,reaching 92% and 60% those of the WAAMed thin-wall,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3404700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105313 and 52275299)+2 种基金the Research and Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(No.KM202210005036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0701)the National Defense Basic Research Projects of China(No.JCKY2022405C002).
文摘At present,the emerging solid-phase friction-based additive manufacturing technology,including friction rolling additive man-ufacturing(FRAM),can only manufacture simple single-pass components.In this study,multi-layer multi-pass FRAM-deposited alumin-um alloy samples were successfully prepared using a non-shoulder tool head.The material flow behavior and microstructure of the over-lapped zone between adjacent layers and passes during multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition were studied using the hybrid 6061 and 5052 aluminum alloys.The results showed that a mechanical interlocking structure was formed between the adjacent layers and the adja-cent passes in the overlapped center area.Repeated friction and rolling of the tool head led to different degrees of lateral flow and plastic deformation of the materials in the overlapped zone,which made the recrystallization degree in the left and right edge zones of the over-lapped zone the highest,followed by the overlapped center zone and the non-overlapped zone.The tensile strength of the overlapped zone exceeded 90%of that of the single-pass deposition sample.It is proved that although there are uneven grooves on the surface of the over-lapping area during multi-layer and multi-pass deposition,they can be filled by the flow of materials during the deposition of the next lay-er,thus ensuring the dense microstructure and excellent mechanical properties of the overlapping area.The multi-layer multi-pass FRAM deposition overcomes the limitation of deposition width and lays the foundation for the future deposition of large-scale high-performance components.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52325407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Key Program(No.52234010)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation,Northeastern University(No.2022RALKFKT004).
文摘Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)has been widely used in high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace,nuclear power,and shipbuilding.However,it is a grand challenge for direct and continuous observation of complex laser-matter interaction,melt flow,and defect formation during LAM due to extremely large temperature gradient,fast cooling rate,and small time(millisecond)and space(micron)scales.The emergence of synchrotron radiation provides a feasible approach for in situ observation of the LAM process.This paper outlines the current development in real-time characterization of LAM by synchrotron radiation,including laser-matter interaction,molten pool evolution,solidification structure evolution,and defects formation and elimination.Furthermore,the future development direction and application-oriented research are also discussed.
