Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)th...Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)that leverage the cooling effect of green spaces to mitigate urban heat are gaining attention as a way to improve urban sustainability in the face of climate change.The study evaluated the urban-scale application of NbS's impacts on heat mitigation capacity,air temperature,cooling energy,carbon emissions,and carbon sequestration,as well as the resulting economic benefits using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)Urban Cooling Model(UCM).Green roofs as building adaptations,land use adaptations such as the expansion of urban parks and roadside green space,forest restoration,and multiple adaptations,which are combinations of building and land use adaptations,were considered applicable NbS.Cool roofs were also studied to compare their effects with other urban green infrastructure.The results showed that simultaneously implementing the multiple adaptation methods is the most effective if the applicable areas are sufficient.Considering the implemented area ratio,urban parks are the most effective single adaptive measure,with energy savings of 14.75,8.63,and 1.98 times higher than those of 100%green roofs,cool roofs,and 20%roadside green space expansions,respectively.Restoring forests(21.29 km^(2))can yield 4.7 times higher energy savings than installing 100%green roofs(62 km^(2)).In contrast,deforestation loses more energy and carbon than cool roofs can save.This study can help provide an appropriate strategy for achieving urban carbon neutrality by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sequestration through NbS in addition to relieving urban temperatures.展开更多
利用Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)模式分城市下垫面(wrf-ucm)、城市冠层下垫面(wrf+ucm)和自然下垫面(wrf-no urban)三种情况模拟了南京地区2005年7月17-18日的2 d天气过程.当模拟城市冠层效应时,WRF模式与Urban Canopy...利用Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)模式分城市下垫面(wrf-ucm)、城市冠层下垫面(wrf+ucm)和自然下垫面(wrf-no urban)三种情况模拟了南京地区2005年7月17-18日的2 d天气过程.当模拟城市冠层效应时,WRF模式与Urban Canopy Model(UCM)模式耦合.结合同期外场试验观测结果和模式模拟结果,分析城市冠层效应对局地天气的影响.结果发现:考虑冠层效应时,城市地区的2 m温度比不考虑冠层效应时略低一些,但都高于自然下垫面;白天地面感热通量与不考虑冠层时基本相当,而在夜间前者高于后者,两者都明显高于自然下垫面情形;地面潜热通量比不考虑冠层低,均远低于自然下垫面.考虑冠层效应的地面通量模拟结果较为接近观测结果.冠层效应使得城市地区近地层水平风速明显减小;考虑冠层时城市地区气流垂直运动强于自然下垫面,冠层对气流的影响夜间强于白天.展开更多
基金supported by a Research Grant of Pukyong National University(2023)。
文摘Extensive changes in land cover and energy use resulting from urbanization lead to an imbalance in urban thermal conditions,making cities more susceptible to the impacts of climate change.Nature-based solutions(NbS)that leverage the cooling effect of green spaces to mitigate urban heat are gaining attention as a way to improve urban sustainability in the face of climate change.The study evaluated the urban-scale application of NbS's impacts on heat mitigation capacity,air temperature,cooling energy,carbon emissions,and carbon sequestration,as well as the resulting economic benefits using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)Urban Cooling Model(UCM).Green roofs as building adaptations,land use adaptations such as the expansion of urban parks and roadside green space,forest restoration,and multiple adaptations,which are combinations of building and land use adaptations,were considered applicable NbS.Cool roofs were also studied to compare their effects with other urban green infrastructure.The results showed that simultaneously implementing the multiple adaptation methods is the most effective if the applicable areas are sufficient.Considering the implemented area ratio,urban parks are the most effective single adaptive measure,with energy savings of 14.75,8.63,and 1.98 times higher than those of 100%green roofs,cool roofs,and 20%roadside green space expansions,respectively.Restoring forests(21.29 km^(2))can yield 4.7 times higher energy savings than installing 100%green roofs(62 km^(2)).In contrast,deforestation loses more energy and carbon than cool roofs can save.This study can help provide an appropriate strategy for achieving urban carbon neutrality by reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sequestration through NbS in addition to relieving urban temperatures.
文摘利用Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)模式分城市下垫面(wrf-ucm)、城市冠层下垫面(wrf+ucm)和自然下垫面(wrf-no urban)三种情况模拟了南京地区2005年7月17-18日的2 d天气过程.当模拟城市冠层效应时,WRF模式与Urban Canopy Model(UCM)模式耦合.结合同期外场试验观测结果和模式模拟结果,分析城市冠层效应对局地天气的影响.结果发现:考虑冠层效应时,城市地区的2 m温度比不考虑冠层效应时略低一些,但都高于自然下垫面;白天地面感热通量与不考虑冠层时基本相当,而在夜间前者高于后者,两者都明显高于自然下垫面情形;地面潜热通量比不考虑冠层低,均远低于自然下垫面.考虑冠层效应的地面通量模拟结果较为接近观测结果.冠层效应使得城市地区近地层水平风速明显减小;考虑冠层时城市地区气流垂直运动强于自然下垫面,冠层对气流的影响夜间强于白天.
