本文对美国联邦政府“Department of Justice”(DOJ)现行汉译名“司法部”的恰当性提出质疑。通过研究发现,其概念内涵与我国同名机构存在显著差异,二者在职权范围上重合度极低,现行译名容易导致认知混淆。为寻求更精准的译名,本文运用...本文对美国联邦政府“Department of Justice”(DOJ)现行汉译名“司法部”的恰当性提出质疑。通过研究发现,其概念内涵与我国同名机构存在显著差异,二者在职权范围上重合度极低,现行译名容易导致认知混淆。为寻求更精准的译名,本文运用概念史研究方法进行系统辨析。在历时维度上,追溯其自1789年设立以来的历史演变,明确其核心内涵;在共时维度上,通过比较日本“法务省”与韩国“法务部”的机构性质与职能,发现它们与美国DOJ高度对应,均为涵盖检察、侦查等职能的综合性行政机构,这为译名选择提供了重要参照。如果语符所指概念内涵重合度高,概念所指语符有一个被普遍接受的译名,则该译名较为准确。基于以上分析,本文认为DOJ应译为“法务部”,更能准确反映该机构的实质内涵与职权范围。本研究不仅为特定术语正名,也为处理类似政治法律术语的翻译提供了基于概念史分析的方法论示例。展开更多
China’s role as a key player in shaping global development and trends stood out at the recently concluded World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland.In contrast to the incomprehensible threats is...China’s role as a key player in shaping global development and trends stood out at the recently concluded World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland.In contrast to the incomprehensible threats issued by U.S. President Donald Trump before,during, and after the Forum, China’s Vice Premier He Lifeng addressed the assembly of 65 heads of state and over 1,000 CEOs with a sober,substantive presentation.展开更多
Based on monthly runoff and climate datasets spanning 2000–2024,this study employed the Theil–Sen’s slope estimation,Mann–Kendall(M–K)trend test,as well as Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analys...Based on monthly runoff and climate datasets spanning 2000–2024,this study employed the Theil–Sen’s slope estimation,Mann–Kendall(M–K)trend test,as well as Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analyses to systematically examine the spatiotemporal patterns of runoff and its climatic driving mechanisms across Tajikistan,providing a scientific basis for sustainable water resource utilization and management in the study area.Results indicated that during 2000–2024,the annual runoff in Tajikistan exhibited statistically non-significant long-term trend(P=0.76),while displaying pronounced seasonal variability and strong spatial heterogeneity.Spring and summer average runoff primarily exhibited slight declining tendencies,while winter average runoff exhibited pronounced reduction in localized regions,such as the Syr Darya Basin,the Vakhsh River Basin,and the lower reaches of the Zeravshan River Basin.Precipitation emerged as the dominant positive driver of runoff,exhibiting moderate to strong positive correlations across over 78.00%of the country,whereas potential evapotranspiration consistently functioned as a negative driver.Rising temperatures exerted a dual competitive effect on runoff:in high-elevation,glacier-covered regions,rising temperatures temporarily increased runoff by accelerating glacier melt;however,at the national scale,the negative impact of rising temperature on runoff has played a slightly dominant role to a certain extent by enhancing evapotranspiration.Collectively,these results indicated that the present stability of runoff in Tajikistan is strongly dependent on the short-term compensatory effects of glacier melt and the risk of future runoff decline is likely to intensify as glacier reserves continue to diminish.This study provides a critical scientific evidence to inform sustainable water resource management in Tajikistan and underscores the need for glacier conservation and integrated water resource management strategies.展开更多
文摘本文对美国联邦政府“Department of Justice”(DOJ)现行汉译名“司法部”的恰当性提出质疑。通过研究发现,其概念内涵与我国同名机构存在显著差异,二者在职权范围上重合度极低,现行译名容易导致认知混淆。为寻求更精准的译名,本文运用概念史研究方法进行系统辨析。在历时维度上,追溯其自1789年设立以来的历史演变,明确其核心内涵;在共时维度上,通过比较日本“法务省”与韩国“法务部”的机构性质与职能,发现它们与美国DOJ高度对应,均为涵盖检察、侦查等职能的综合性行政机构,这为译名选择提供了重要参照。如果语符所指概念内涵重合度高,概念所指语符有一个被普遍接受的译名,则该译名较为准确。基于以上分析,本文认为DOJ应译为“法务部”,更能准确反映该机构的实质内涵与职权范围。本研究不仅为特定术语正名,也为处理类似政治法律术语的翻译提供了基于概念史分析的方法论示例。
文摘China’s role as a key player in shaping global development and trends stood out at the recently concluded World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland.In contrast to the incomprehensible threats issued by U.S. President Donald Trump before,during, and after the Forum, China’s Vice Premier He Lifeng addressed the assembly of 65 heads of state and over 1,000 CEOs with a sober,substantive presentation.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0720203)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805603).
文摘Based on monthly runoff and climate datasets spanning 2000–2024,this study employed the Theil–Sen’s slope estimation,Mann–Kendall(M–K)trend test,as well as Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analyses to systematically examine the spatiotemporal patterns of runoff and its climatic driving mechanisms across Tajikistan,providing a scientific basis for sustainable water resource utilization and management in the study area.Results indicated that during 2000–2024,the annual runoff in Tajikistan exhibited statistically non-significant long-term trend(P=0.76),while displaying pronounced seasonal variability and strong spatial heterogeneity.Spring and summer average runoff primarily exhibited slight declining tendencies,while winter average runoff exhibited pronounced reduction in localized regions,such as the Syr Darya Basin,the Vakhsh River Basin,and the lower reaches of the Zeravshan River Basin.Precipitation emerged as the dominant positive driver of runoff,exhibiting moderate to strong positive correlations across over 78.00%of the country,whereas potential evapotranspiration consistently functioned as a negative driver.Rising temperatures exerted a dual competitive effect on runoff:in high-elevation,glacier-covered regions,rising temperatures temporarily increased runoff by accelerating glacier melt;however,at the national scale,the negative impact of rising temperature on runoff has played a slightly dominant role to a certain extent by enhancing evapotranspiration.Collectively,these results indicated that the present stability of runoff in Tajikistan is strongly dependent on the short-term compensatory effects of glacier melt and the risk of future runoff decline is likely to intensify as glacier reserves continue to diminish.This study provides a critical scientific evidence to inform sustainable water resource management in Tajikistan and underscores the need for glacier conservation and integrated water resource management strategies.
