Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species s...Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.展开更多
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is among the most destructive pests that attack tomato in many countries. In this study, the efficiency of three suspensions (106;105;104 cell/...The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is among the most destructive pests that attack tomato in many countries. In this study, the efficiency of three suspensions (106;105;104 cell/ml) of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki was tested on T. absoluta larvae 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was assessed to study the effect of these suspensions on larval mortality. Results showed that the concentration 106 cell/ml resulted in the highest mortality of all instars larvae with an average mortality of 20%, 22.66%, 18.66% and 23.33% was recorded for the first, second, third and fourth instar, respectively. The greatest percentage of mortality occurred in the third day after the larvae fed with leaves treated with suspension B. thuringiensis.展开更多
Fruit extracts of indigenous Melia azedarach were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against the tomato leafminer(Tuta absoluta)under laboratory conditions.Tomato plants were exposed to moths,after/before appli...Fruit extracts of indigenous Melia azedarach were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against the tomato leafminer(Tuta absoluta)under laboratory conditions.Tomato plants were exposed to moths,after/before application of treatments.Treatments included:crushed fruit extracts of water(500,000 ppm and 200,000 ppm),methanol and ethyl acetate(200,000 ppm)with and without mineral oil(2%);M.azedarach powder extracts(2,000 ppm)in different solvents:water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and chloroform;biorational products:neem oil,mineral oil,micronized sulfur and thyme oil.The released moths were removed from treated/untreated plants at 72 h and effect of treatments on adults,eggs,larvae and pupae were recorded.Results indicated that sulfur caused the lowest number of live moths to be present on treated plants and was not significantly different in its effect from that of M.azedarach extracts and neem oil.Aqueous extracts without and with oil caused the highest%of dry eggs and were comparable to neem oil.Extracts in the two formulations(crushed fruits and/or powder)caused significant direct effects on immature instars:eggs,early larval instars and pupae.M.azedarach extracts and the tested products also caused indirect effect in form of significant decrease in number of developing the 3rd larval instars and new emerging moths compared to the control.Consecutive sprays of these extracts against eggs,larvae and pupae on same treated plants lead to very low number of moths for a second generation of the pest which contributes to low buildup of pest population in a tomato crop.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the efficiency of T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in combination with bacterial suspension of B. thuringiensis against the tomato leafminer T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse (s...In this study, we investigated the efficiency of T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in combination with bacterial suspension of B. thuringiensis against the tomato leafminer T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse (semi field) experiments. Four treatments were used (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + T. absoluta) (T1), (B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T2), (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T3) and control (T4). The lowest number of T. absoluta mines (6.1, 0.5 mine per plant) were recorded in T3 for T. brassicae and T. embryophagum were significantly lower than those of all other treatments which were followed by T1 and T2, while the highest number of mines per plant (50.70) were recorded in control (T4). In addition, the parasitism rate, adults’ emergence, the number of females and adult longevity of two parasitoids were investigated. According to the obtained results, the highest parasitism rate was obtained for T. embryophagum when treated with Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs (31.18%). However, no significant differences were detected between T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in mortality and adult emergence rates were found when they were treated with/ without Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse. Also, the longevity of T. embryophagum was significantly better than T. brassicae p = 0.000. This is the first study to investigate T. embryophagum in cage inside greenhouse for parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta and results of present study suggested that T. embryophagum with Bt could be more efficient for biocontrol of T. absoluta.展开更多
Effects of Commiphora swynnertonii,Synadenium glaucescens and Allium sativum extracts on the tomato leaf miner,Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)were evaluated on the adults and in screen house conditions.The adult stage was invo...Effects of Commiphora swynnertonii,Synadenium glaucescens and Allium sativum extracts on the tomato leaf miner,Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)were evaluated on the adults and in screen house conditions.The adult stage was involved with 30 adults that were reared in an insectarium,the experimental design was a completely randomized design(plant extracts from three plants species×three doses of 2%,4% and 8%).In the screen house,experimental dispositive was a completely randomized block design(two varieties of tomatoes×three plants extracts).Larval counts were performed after 0,1,2,3 and 7 d of treatment,40 tomato leaves(10×4 replicates)were randomly taken from each treatment.The mean percentage mortality of adults was recorded daily for 5 d.Results indicated that,each plant extract caused significant mortality to adults of T.absoluta after 5 d in comparison to the control.Leaf dipping against adult of T.absoluta proved to be the most effective for all plant extracts at 30%-100%.Commiphora resulted in the adults’mortality of 100%.In the screen house Commiphora showed the high reduction of infestation for Tanya and Cal J varieties.Treatment with this plant extract resulted in the highest fruit yield and the lowest yield loss compared to all the plant extracts.C.swynnertonii extract is recommended into integrated pest management strategies for the control of T.absoluta.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200600,2016YFC1201200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-1AS).
文摘Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) originated in South America and is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes. It is also known to attack other solanaceous crops, including potato, eggplant, pepper, tobacco, and weedy species such as black nightshade. After accidental introduction into Spain in 2006, this pest spread rapidly throughout Afro-Eurasia and has become a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Here, we report the first record of T. absoluta as an invasive pest in China. It was found in tomato fields in Ili Kazakg Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Ili, Xinjiang), China, and its occurrence was confirmed by both morphological and molecular approaches. In Ili, T. absoluta has been found to attack eggplant, potato, and black nightshade. We found the larvae generally mining and feeding on leaves and boring into tomato fruits, with multiple larvae sometimes observed in a single fruit. Its infestation levels differ among the tomato fields and host species. In all of the surveyed tomato fields, T. absoluta infested 100% of plants. In some of the fields, up to 90% of the eggplant and 100% of the potato plants were infested. Since no natural enemies were found under field conditions, suitable management practices are urgently needed to stop the further spread of this destructive pest in China.
文摘The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is among the most destructive pests that attack tomato in many countries. In this study, the efficiency of three suspensions (106;105;104 cell/ml) of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki was tested on T. absoluta larvae 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar was assessed to study the effect of these suspensions on larval mortality. Results showed that the concentration 106 cell/ml resulted in the highest mortality of all instars larvae with an average mortality of 20%, 22.66%, 18.66% and 23.33% was recorded for the first, second, third and fourth instar, respectively. The greatest percentage of mortality occurred in the third day after the larvae fed with leaves treated with suspension B. thuringiensis.
文摘Fruit extracts of indigenous Melia azedarach were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against the tomato leafminer(Tuta absoluta)under laboratory conditions.Tomato plants were exposed to moths,after/before application of treatments.Treatments included:crushed fruit extracts of water(500,000 ppm and 200,000 ppm),methanol and ethyl acetate(200,000 ppm)with and without mineral oil(2%);M.azedarach powder extracts(2,000 ppm)in different solvents:water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and chloroform;biorational products:neem oil,mineral oil,micronized sulfur and thyme oil.The released moths were removed from treated/untreated plants at 72 h and effect of treatments on adults,eggs,larvae and pupae were recorded.Results indicated that sulfur caused the lowest number of live moths to be present on treated plants and was not significantly different in its effect from that of M.azedarach extracts and neem oil.Aqueous extracts without and with oil caused the highest%of dry eggs and were comparable to neem oil.Extracts in the two formulations(crushed fruits and/or powder)caused significant direct effects on immature instars:eggs,early larval instars and pupae.M.azedarach extracts and the tested products also caused indirect effect in form of significant decrease in number of developing the 3rd larval instars and new emerging moths compared to the control.Consecutive sprays of these extracts against eggs,larvae and pupae on same treated plants lead to very low number of moths for a second generation of the pest which contributes to low buildup of pest population in a tomato crop.
文摘In this study, we investigated the efficiency of T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in combination with bacterial suspension of B. thuringiensis against the tomato leafminer T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse (semi field) experiments. Four treatments were used (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + T. absoluta) (T1), (B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T2), (T. brassicae or T. embryophagum + B. thuringiensis + T. absoluta) (T3) and control (T4). The lowest number of T. absoluta mines (6.1, 0.5 mine per plant) were recorded in T3 for T. brassicae and T. embryophagum were significantly lower than those of all other treatments which were followed by T1 and T2, while the highest number of mines per plant (50.70) were recorded in control (T4). In addition, the parasitism rate, adults’ emergence, the number of females and adult longevity of two parasitoids were investigated. According to the obtained results, the highest parasitism rate was obtained for T. embryophagum when treated with Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs (31.18%). However, no significant differences were detected between T. brassicae and T. embryophagum in mortality and adult emergence rates were found when they were treated with/ without Bt reared in the T. absoluta eggs in cage inside greenhouse. Also, the longevity of T. embryophagum was significantly better than T. brassicae p = 0.000. This is the first study to investigate T. embryophagum in cage inside greenhouse for parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta and results of present study suggested that T. embryophagum with Bt could be more efficient for biocontrol of T. absoluta.
文摘Effects of Commiphora swynnertonii,Synadenium glaucescens and Allium sativum extracts on the tomato leaf miner,Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)were evaluated on the adults and in screen house conditions.The adult stage was involved with 30 adults that were reared in an insectarium,the experimental design was a completely randomized design(plant extracts from three plants species×three doses of 2%,4% and 8%).In the screen house,experimental dispositive was a completely randomized block design(two varieties of tomatoes×three plants extracts).Larval counts were performed after 0,1,2,3 and 7 d of treatment,40 tomato leaves(10×4 replicates)were randomly taken from each treatment.The mean percentage mortality of adults was recorded daily for 5 d.Results indicated that,each plant extract caused significant mortality to adults of T.absoluta after 5 d in comparison to the control.Leaf dipping against adult of T.absoluta proved to be the most effective for all plant extracts at 30%-100%.Commiphora resulted in the adults’mortality of 100%.In the screen house Commiphora showed the high reduction of infestation for Tanya and Cal J varieties.Treatment with this plant extract resulted in the highest fruit yield and the lowest yield loss compared to all the plant extracts.C.swynnertonii extract is recommended into integrated pest management strategies for the control of T.absoluta.
文摘番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta是一种世界性入侵性害虫,起源于南美洲,主要危害茄科作物。当前,番茄潜叶蛾主要防控手段为化学防治,但化学防治易引起害虫抗药性水平升高,对环境、非靶标物种造成危害,甚至还给人类身体健康带来负面影响。因此,环境友好的生物防治技术成为当前的研究热点,在多个国家和地区已经将生物防治技术用于番茄潜叶蛾防控。昆虫病原线虫(Entomopathogenic nematodes,EPNs)是害虫生物防治的常用生防作用物,也是害虫综合治理(Integrative Pest Management,IPM)策略中的重要组成部分。目前,关于利用昆虫病原线虫开展番茄潜叶蛾生物防治的研究内容比较零散,本研究系统梳理了全球范围内利用EPNs防治番茄潜叶蛾的研究进展,并从以下几个部分进行了综述:(1)昆虫病原线虫的分类及生物学特性;(2)应用昆虫病原线虫防治番茄潜叶蛾研究进展;(3)环境因素对昆虫病原线虫防效的影响;(4)昆虫病原线虫与其他防控措施联合施用技术。本文总结了提高利用昆虫病原线虫防控番茄潜叶蛾效力的方法,并对利用昆虫病原线虫防控番茄潜叶蛾的研究提出了展望。
