[Objective] The aim was to assess the status quo of animal and plant resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir.[Method] Through field investigation,document check and sample identification,the d...[Objective] The aim was to assess the status quo of animal and plant resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir.[Method] Through field investigation,document check and sample identification,the distribution of animal and plants resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir was studied and corresponding protection measures were proposed.[Result] Under the influence of reservoir,there were fifteen types of rare animals,one species of national primary protected animals,seven species of national secondary protected animals,one species of provincial primary protected animals,six species of provincial secondary protected animals;there were twenty one species of rare plants,including two species of national secondary plant,five species of national tertiary protected animals,six types of Xinjiang primary protected plants,two species of Xinjiang secondary protected plants and six types of tertiary protected plants in Xinjiang.Protective policies for the land ecological environment were proposed,including corresponding compensation according to the rules and policies of government,plans being formulated for rare species protection,construction of natural reserves and artificial breeding base,usage of the environment in the reservoir and changes of ecological situation etc.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for the protection of animal and plants resources in Turks.展开更多
Kutadgu Bilig(Gracious Knowledge),a common cultural monument of modern Turkic peoples,is a valuable historical,theoretical,and methodological source that reveals the artistic and political thinking of the 11th century...Kutadgu Bilig(Gracious Knowledge),a common cultural monument of modern Turkic peoples,is a valuable historical,theoretical,and methodological source that reveals the artistic and political thinking of the 11th century,shapes the life and spiritual culture of society,and explains the prospects for governing the state.In this work,which is a philosophical and legal political treatise(Book of Government)of the history of Turkish-Islamic culture of the 11th century,the general terms of the government strategy,which forms the basis of public administration,are widely interpreted from different aspects.Kutadgu Bilig,which reveals the unique artistic treasures of the Turkish language and Turkish artistic and political thinking,shows that the proper regulation of relations between the people and the government is the most important factor in public administration.Kutadgu Bilig,a philosophical and legal political treatise of the Turkish-Islamic cultural history of the 11th century,which contains very important theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of state building and administration,has not lost its actuality since it reflects the theoretical and methodological principles of public administration.展开更多
The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central...The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central Europe. Since the late 15th century, the Ottoman Turks had been feared as menace, as the most dreadful enemies not only of the inhabitants of the Habsburg ruled countries but of the whole world of Christianity, and the Ottoman Turks did pose a permanent threat to their neighbours in Central Europe. The situation changed around 1700 when the Habsburgs succeeded in integrating the entire Hungarian Kingdom into their empire. From the early 18th century onwards the Ottoman Turks were no longer regarded as fierce fighters but increasingly as neighbours living in an unknown and totally different world and gained more and more curious attention. This change was not only the consequence of the new balance in power politics but mainly a sequel of gaining much more information. Up to the late 17th century the knowledge about the Ottoman Turks was based primarily on what had been reported by ambassadors travelling to Constantinople while in the 18th century people of several strands of life reported about their experiences. After the Peace of Passarowitz in 1718 trade agreements between the two states enabled activities of merchants and tradesmen who learned to know things about their eastern neighbours which were totally new to the Middle European contemporaries. Additionally, some elements of this ＂oriental＂ culture were taken over and were to become typical for Central Europe later on. The Turks were curiously observed as strange and fascinating neighbours. In the course of the movement of enlightenment from the middle of the 18th century onwards one aspect of this culture lost much of its dreadfulness： the fact that the Ottoman Turks were infidels. So it did not take very long until Ottomans were seen as being capable of true humanity regardless their religion. In the 19th century the multiethnic state organizations of the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy became outmoded in this age of nationalism. They realized their common interests and started a cooperation which eventually ended up as alliance in theWorld War I. From the point of view of power politics however, the Ottoman Empire was regarded as “sick man at the Bosporus”. In the following the changes of the image are shown as an overview by observing the criteria against the background of the most important historical events. The details of how this process worked are still pretty murky. Further investigations are already on the way and will bring more light into the reasons and the mechanism of this development.展开更多
This article examines the social integration of ethnic Turks, who were forced to migrate from Bulgaria to Turkey in the summer of 1989, within the framework of migration and settlement in Turkey, the efforts to find j...This article examines the social integration of ethnic Turks, who were forced to migrate from Bulgaria to Turkey in the summer of 1989, within the framework of migration and settlement in Turkey, the efforts to find job, and the experiences of “building life” and survival strategies in Turkey. It is based on a qualitative research about the migration and integration of the ethnic Turks of Bulgaria and Ahlska （Meskethian） Turks. The article has two arguments： first, one of the major ways to understand what migrants experience while migrating and settling afterwards is to examine how they see and narrate the process of migration; and second, the concept of integration is insufficient in explaining what migrants experience after migrating. The 1989 emigres put emphasis on “starting from zero” and “building life”. When they came to Turkey, they were faced with many hardships. Yet, they “built a life” in their “homeland” and this is much more than settling. They continued their lives in Turkey where they felt free and secure and where they belonged. It was difficult and some of the emigres were disappointed however they were happy to come.展开更多
在综合当地滑坡灾害发育特征和诱发因素基础上,选取黄土、坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、降雨等12个因子作为滑坡灾害易发性评价因子。利用确定系数法和信息量模型分别与逻辑回归结合构建了LLCF、LLSI两种模型作为滑坡敏感性评价方法。据模型...在综合当地滑坡灾害发育特征和诱发因素基础上,选取黄土、坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、降雨等12个因子作为滑坡灾害易发性评价因子。利用确定系数法和信息量模型分别与逻辑回归结合构建了LLCF、LLSI两种模型作为滑坡敏感性评价方法。据模型计算结果,将滑坡灾害易发程度划分为极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。利用接收者操作特征曲线(ROC,Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)及下围面积(AUC,,Area Under the ROC Curve)值分别对两种模型进行精度检验。结果表明:LLCF和LLSI模型在训练集上成功率曲线AUC值分别为0.9032和0.8411;在测试集上预测率曲线AUC值分别为0.8998、0.8715。整体上LLCF模型精度高于LLSI模型,为当地防灾减灾、国土资源等方面提供了有效的数据支持。展开更多
【目的】研究新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态特征及年龄与生长等生态学特性。【方法】2019~2021年采样观察特克斯河斑重唇鱼,运用经典生物学测量方法鉴定年龄,分析其生长性状。【结果】特克斯河斑重唇鱼,体延长,被细鳞,侧线完全,形态特征不...【目的】研究新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态特征及年龄与生长等生态学特性。【方法】2019~2021年采样观察特克斯河斑重唇鱼,运用经典生物学测量方法鉴定年龄,分析其生长性状。【结果】特克斯河斑重唇鱼,体延长,被细鳞,侧线完全,形态特征不同于其他水系,差异较大,体背色泽灰褐色,有不同的黑色斑点,腹部浅黄泛灰白。斑重唇鱼,体长均值(143.66±57.94)mm,体重均值(64.81±92.10)g,年龄均值(4.08±2.49*);体长与体重拟合关系式为W_(总)=5.80×10^(-6) L ^(3.1653)(R^(2)=0.9521),属于异速生长;体长与体高、头长、吻长、眼间距、尾柄长和尾柄高相关性较高,与体宽和眼径的相关性较低。特克斯河斑重唇鱼(n=120)渐进体长L_(∞)=346.79 mm,k=0.07,W_(∞)=634.97 g,t_(0)=-0.34,t_(i)=12.46。生长方程:L_(t)=346.79(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34))),W_(t)=634.97(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34)))3.1653。【结论】特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态不同于其他水系,高原冷水鱼类,属异速生长,适应性欠佳,拐点年龄大,生长缓慢,生长性状不稳定。展开更多
基金Supported by Sino-German Cooperation Program(PPP[2008]3086)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to assess the status quo of animal and plant resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir.[Method] Through field investigation,document check and sample identification,the distribution of animal and plants resources in Turks River after the construction of the reservoir was studied and corresponding protection measures were proposed.[Result] Under the influence of reservoir,there were fifteen types of rare animals,one species of national primary protected animals,seven species of national secondary protected animals,one species of provincial primary protected animals,six species of provincial secondary protected animals;there were twenty one species of rare plants,including two species of national secondary plant,five species of national tertiary protected animals,six types of Xinjiang primary protected plants,two species of Xinjiang secondary protected plants and six types of tertiary protected plants in Xinjiang.Protective policies for the land ecological environment were proposed,including corresponding compensation according to the rules and policies of government,plans being formulated for rare species protection,construction of natural reserves and artificial breeding base,usage of the environment in the reservoir and changes of ecological situation etc.[Conclusion] The study provided basis for the protection of animal and plants resources in Turks.
文摘Kutadgu Bilig(Gracious Knowledge),a common cultural monument of modern Turkic peoples,is a valuable historical,theoretical,and methodological source that reveals the artistic and political thinking of the 11th century,shapes the life and spiritual culture of society,and explains the prospects for governing the state.In this work,which is a philosophical and legal political treatise(Book of Government)of the history of Turkish-Islamic culture of the 11th century,the general terms of the government strategy,which forms the basis of public administration,are widely interpreted from different aspects.Kutadgu Bilig,which reveals the unique artistic treasures of the Turkish language and Turkish artistic and political thinking,shows that the proper regulation of relations between the people and the government is the most important factor in public administration.Kutadgu Bilig,a philosophical and legal political treatise of the Turkish-Islamic cultural history of the 11th century,which contains very important theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of state building and administration,has not lost its actuality since it reflects the theoretical and methodological principles of public administration.
文摘The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central Europe. Since the late 15th century, the Ottoman Turks had been feared as menace, as the most dreadful enemies not only of the inhabitants of the Habsburg ruled countries but of the whole world of Christianity, and the Ottoman Turks did pose a permanent threat to their neighbours in Central Europe. The situation changed around 1700 when the Habsburgs succeeded in integrating the entire Hungarian Kingdom into their empire. From the early 18th century onwards the Ottoman Turks were no longer regarded as fierce fighters but increasingly as neighbours living in an unknown and totally different world and gained more and more curious attention. This change was not only the consequence of the new balance in power politics but mainly a sequel of gaining much more information. Up to the late 17th century the knowledge about the Ottoman Turks was based primarily on what had been reported by ambassadors travelling to Constantinople while in the 18th century people of several strands of life reported about their experiences. After the Peace of Passarowitz in 1718 trade agreements between the two states enabled activities of merchants and tradesmen who learned to know things about their eastern neighbours which were totally new to the Middle European contemporaries. Additionally, some elements of this ＂oriental＂ culture were taken over and were to become typical for Central Europe later on. The Turks were curiously observed as strange and fascinating neighbours. In the course of the movement of enlightenment from the middle of the 18th century onwards one aspect of this culture lost much of its dreadfulness： the fact that the Ottoman Turks were infidels. So it did not take very long until Ottomans were seen as being capable of true humanity regardless their religion. In the 19th century the multiethnic state organizations of the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy became outmoded in this age of nationalism. They realized their common interests and started a cooperation which eventually ended up as alliance in theWorld War I. From the point of view of power politics however, the Ottoman Empire was regarded as “sick man at the Bosporus”. In the following the changes of the image are shown as an overview by observing the criteria against the background of the most important historical events. The details of how this process worked are still pretty murky. Further investigations are already on the way and will bring more light into the reasons and the mechanism of this development.
文摘This article examines the social integration of ethnic Turks, who were forced to migrate from Bulgaria to Turkey in the summer of 1989, within the framework of migration and settlement in Turkey, the efforts to find job, and the experiences of “building life” and survival strategies in Turkey. It is based on a qualitative research about the migration and integration of the ethnic Turks of Bulgaria and Ahlska （Meskethian） Turks. The article has two arguments： first, one of the major ways to understand what migrants experience while migrating and settling afterwards is to examine how they see and narrate the process of migration; and second, the concept of integration is insufficient in explaining what migrants experience after migrating. The 1989 emigres put emphasis on “starting from zero” and “building life”. When they came to Turkey, they were faced with many hardships. Yet, they “built a life” in their “homeland” and this is much more than settling. They continued their lives in Turkey where they felt free and secure and where they belonged. It was difficult and some of the emigres were disappointed however they were happy to come.
文摘在综合当地滑坡灾害发育特征和诱发因素基础上,选取黄土、坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、降雨等12个因子作为滑坡灾害易发性评价因子。利用确定系数法和信息量模型分别与逻辑回归结合构建了LLCF、LLSI两种模型作为滑坡敏感性评价方法。据模型计算结果,将滑坡灾害易发程度划分为极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。利用接收者操作特征曲线(ROC,Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)及下围面积(AUC,,Area Under the ROC Curve)值分别对两种模型进行精度检验。结果表明:LLCF和LLSI模型在训练集上成功率曲线AUC值分别为0.9032和0.8411;在测试集上预测率曲线AUC值分别为0.8998、0.8715。整体上LLCF模型精度高于LLSI模型,为当地防灾减灾、国土资源等方面提供了有效的数据支持。
文摘【目的】研究新疆特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态特征及年龄与生长等生态学特性。【方法】2019~2021年采样观察特克斯河斑重唇鱼,运用经典生物学测量方法鉴定年龄,分析其生长性状。【结果】特克斯河斑重唇鱼,体延长,被细鳞,侧线完全,形态特征不同于其他水系,差异较大,体背色泽灰褐色,有不同的黑色斑点,腹部浅黄泛灰白。斑重唇鱼,体长均值(143.66±57.94)mm,体重均值(64.81±92.10)g,年龄均值(4.08±2.49*);体长与体重拟合关系式为W_(总)=5.80×10^(-6) L ^(3.1653)(R^(2)=0.9521),属于异速生长;体长与体高、头长、吻长、眼间距、尾柄长和尾柄高相关性较高,与体宽和眼径的相关性较低。特克斯河斑重唇鱼(n=120)渐进体长L_(∞)=346.79 mm,k=0.07,W_(∞)=634.97 g,t_(0)=-0.34,t_(i)=12.46。生长方程:L_(t)=346.79(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34))),W_(t)=634.97(1-e^(-0.09(t+0.34)))3.1653。【结论】特克斯河斑重唇鱼形态不同于其他水系,高原冷水鱼类,属异速生长,适应性欠佳,拐点年龄大,生长缓慢,生长性状不稳定。
