OBJECTIVE: To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.METHODS: Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenol...OBJECTIVE: To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.METHODS: Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic acid contents of the plant extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid contents were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities.RESULTS: Phytochemical screening showed flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins,and steroids were present in the Tulbaghia species.The total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents varied in the different plant extracts, ranging from4.50 to 11.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram, respectively. The IC50 values determined for Tulbaghia alliacea and Tulbaghia violacea based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(0.06 and 0.08 mg/m L, respectively) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(0.06 and 0.03 mg/m L, respectively) were low and showed they had potential antioxidant activities.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that individual compounds from Tulbaghia species should be isolated for analysis of their antioxidant activity because some compounds may work best when pure.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of crude acetone and water leaf extracts of Tulbaghia violacea on a human oral cancer cell line(KB).Methods: The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was evaluated b...Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of crude acetone and water leaf extracts of Tulbaghia violacea on a human oral cancer cell line(KB).Methods: The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was evaluated by using the DPPH assay while the anti-proliferative activity was assessed by using the MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells were examined by using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the induction of multi-caspase activity and changes in the cell cycle.Results: The acetone and water extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner.The extracts inhibited the growth of the KB cell line with IC_(50) values of 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively for acetone and water.Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounding and formation of membrane blebs were observed in the treated cells.In acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the number of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration of the extracts increased.The activation of multi-caspase activity in KB cells treated with Tulbaghia violacea extracts was concentration dependent, leading to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G_2/M phase.Conclusions: The acetone and water extracts of Tulbaghia violacea appear to have anti-cancer activity against human oral cancer cells and need to be investigated further.展开更多
Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of ...Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.展开更多
Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematolog...Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematological parameters(as indicators of antihypertensive efficacy)has not been investigated yet.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the change of renal and haematological parameters after treatment with the hydro-methanolic extract of the leaf of Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv.in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.Methods:Male albino Wistar rats received an oral dose of 50 mg·kg^(-1)body weight(bw)of N𝜔-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME)daily for 5 weeks.Five groups(7 animals in each group)were identified to receive different treatments as concurrent daily doses of(40,60 and 80 mg·kg^(-1)bw),ramipril(10 mg·kg^(-1)bw)(positive control)and water(hypertension model).Mean arterial blood pressure was measured weekly using the tail-cuffmethod.A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each rat weekly.On day 36,the rats were euthanized,and blood samples were collected for the determination of renal function and haematological analysis.Kidney mRNA gene expression was performed for NF-kB,Ho1 and eNos.Results:The treatment of the hypertensive rats with TA resulted in a significant reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure,with a pronounced effect observed in the 80 mg·kg^(-1)dose of TA compared to the positive control.The TA-treated group showed increased creatinine clearance(Ccr),urine volume and a reduction in serum crea-tinine,proteinuria and urine protein-creatinine ratio(UPr/UCr).TA treatment also decreased lipid peroxidation in renal tissues and erythrocytes while increasing SOD,CAT,GSH and NO levels.Moreover,red cell distribu-tion width(RDW),white blood cells(WBC),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet and mean platelet volume(MPV)were significantly reduced in the TA and ramipril treated groups with the maximum effect occurring at the dose of 80 mg·kg-1 of TA.No significant difference was observed in the haemoglobin levels in all experimental groups.TA administration resulted in a significant decrease in renal NF-kB gene expression while increasing Ho1 and eNos gene expression in renal tissues.Conclusion:TA extract improved renal function and haematological profile(markers for the antihypertensive efficacy)in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.展开更多
Processing landscaping waste into biochar has been just initiated in China, biochar as a new soil improver has attracted wide concern home and abroad. This paper applied the pilot experiment method, and took Tulbaghia...Processing landscaping waste into biochar has been just initiated in China, biochar as a new soil improver has attracted wide concern home and abroad. This paper applied the pilot experiment method, and took Tulbaghia violacea and Malus micromalus cv. "American" as the test flower and tree to explore the impact of different biochar return-to-soil modes on plant growth. It was found that biocharcoveredsoil promoted the growth of both species efficiently, and relieved the poor growth, compared with the control group, biochar-covered-soil reduced yellow leaves, dead leaves and poor growth vigor of T.violacea by 47.8%, 20% and 100%, respectively, and it reduced poor growth, dead branch rate and root tiller germination of M. micromalus cv. "American" by 80%, 62.5% and 50%. The results showed that biocharcoveredsoil was better than biochar-mixing-soil.展开更多
生物炭作为新型土壤改良剂正引起国内外的广泛关注,利用园林绿化废弃物制作生物炭在国内尚属起步阶段。采用小区试验方法,以紫娇花(Tulbaghia violacea)和北美海棠(North American Begonia)为供试花卉和树木,研究生物炭土壤覆盖后对花...生物炭作为新型土壤改良剂正引起国内外的广泛关注,利用园林绿化废弃物制作生物炭在国内尚属起步阶段。采用小区试验方法,以紫娇花(Tulbaghia violacea)和北美海棠(North American Begonia)为供试花卉和树木,研究生物炭土壤覆盖后对花木生长的影响。结果表明,生物炭覆盖土壤对紫娇花和北美海棠生长具有显著的促进作用,并能缓解其不良生长。与对照相比,生物炭覆盖使紫娇花的黄叶、枯叶和不良长势分别下降47.8%、20%和100%,北美海棠的不良长势和枯枝率和根基萌芽分别下降80%、62.5%和50%。展开更多
基金Supported by Vaal University of Technology,Private Bag X021,Vanderbijlpark 1900,South Africa
文摘OBJECTIVE: To assess the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from selected Tulbaghia species.METHODS: Standard methods were used for preliminary phytochemical analysis. The total phenolic acid contents of the plant extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the total flavonoid contents were determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities.RESULTS: Phytochemical screening showed flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins,and steroids were present in the Tulbaghia species.The total phenolic acid and flavonoid contents varied in the different plant extracts, ranging from4.50 to 11.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh material and 3.04 to 9.65 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram, respectively. The IC50 values determined for Tulbaghia alliacea and Tulbaghia violacea based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(0.06 and 0.08 mg/m L, respectively) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(0.06 and 0.03 mg/m L, respectively) were low and showed they had potential antioxidant activities.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that individual compounds from Tulbaghia species should be isolated for analysis of their antioxidant activity because some compounds may work best when pure.
基金supported by NAM S&T Centre Research Training Fellowship for Developing Country Scientists,Sathyabama University,India and Vaal University of Technology,South Africa
文摘Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of crude acetone and water leaf extracts of Tulbaghia violacea on a human oral cancer cell line(KB).Methods: The antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts was evaluated by using the DPPH assay while the anti-proliferative activity was assessed by using the MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells were examined by using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the induction of multi-caspase activity and changes in the cell cycle.Results: The acetone and water extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner.The extracts inhibited the growth of the KB cell line with IC_(50) values of 0.2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively for acetone and water.Morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounding and formation of membrane blebs were observed in the treated cells.In acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the number of apoptotic cells increased as the concentration of the extracts increased.The activation of multi-caspase activity in KB cells treated with Tulbaghia violacea extracts was concentration dependent, leading to cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G_2/M phase.Conclusions: The acetone and water extracts of Tulbaghia violacea appear to have anti-cancer activity against human oral cancer cells and need to be investigated further.
文摘Even though Tulbaghia violacea has been used to treat and manage epilepsy in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners, no evidence in any literature has shown any scientific scrutiny of the effectiveness of the plant species in therapy. This study was intended, therefore, to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of the leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea by studying its effect against tonic convulsion induced by either PTZ （pentylenetetrazole）, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA （N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid） in mice. Qualitative phytochemical analysis, acute toxicity and HPLC studies were also carried out on the plant species. Leaf methanol extract of Tulbaghia violacea, phenobarbitone, diazepam or muscimol significantly antagonised PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of T. violacea and muscimol significantly antagonised tonic convulsion induced by PTZ. T. violacea or phenobarbitone significantly antagonised strychnine-induced tonic convulsion. T. violacea or LY233053 significantly antagonised NMDLA-elicited tonic convulsion. Phenytoin or DMSO （dimethylsulfoxide） did not significantly affect the tonic convulsion produced by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, strychnine or NMDLA. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpene steroids, quinones and tannins. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract was over 4000 mg/kg. The data in the present study indicate that the leaf methanol extract of T. violacea has anticonvulsant activity which is probably underpinned by GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms.
基金The authors acknowledge the College of Health Sciences,the Univer-sity of KwaZulu-Natal(UKZN),National Research Foundation of South Africa.
文摘Background:Traditional use of Tulbaghia acutiloba(TA)in South Africa includes treating various illnesses,such as infectious diseases and hypertension.However,the effect of this indigenous plant on renal and haematological parameters(as indicators of antihypertensive efficacy)has not been investigated yet.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the change of renal and haematological parameters after treatment with the hydro-methanolic extract of the leaf of Tulbaghia acutiloba Harv.in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.Methods:Male albino Wistar rats received an oral dose of 50 mg·kg^(-1)body weight(bw)of N𝜔-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME)daily for 5 weeks.Five groups(7 animals in each group)were identified to receive different treatments as concurrent daily doses of(40,60 and 80 mg·kg^(-1)bw),ramipril(10 mg·kg^(-1)bw)(positive control)and water(hypertension model).Mean arterial blood pressure was measured weekly using the tail-cuffmethod.A 24-hour urine sample was collected for each rat weekly.On day 36,the rats were euthanized,and blood samples were collected for the determination of renal function and haematological analysis.Kidney mRNA gene expression was performed for NF-kB,Ho1 and eNos.Results:The treatment of the hypertensive rats with TA resulted in a significant reduction in the mean arterial blood pressure,with a pronounced effect observed in the 80 mg·kg^(-1)dose of TA compared to the positive control.The TA-treated group showed increased creatinine clearance(Ccr),urine volume and a reduction in serum crea-tinine,proteinuria and urine protein-creatinine ratio(UPr/UCr).TA treatment also decreased lipid peroxidation in renal tissues and erythrocytes while increasing SOD,CAT,GSH and NO levels.Moreover,red cell distribu-tion width(RDW),white blood cells(WBC),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet and mean platelet volume(MPV)were significantly reduced in the TA and ramipril treated groups with the maximum effect occurring at the dose of 80 mg·kg-1 of TA.No significant difference was observed in the haemoglobin levels in all experimental groups.TA administration resulted in a significant decrease in renal NF-kB gene expression while increasing Ho1 and eNos gene expression in renal tissues.Conclusion:TA extract improved renal function and haematological profile(markers for the antihypertensive efficacy)in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.
基金Sponsored by Public Welfare Industry (Social Development) Scientific Research Fund(CS201214)
文摘Processing landscaping waste into biochar has been just initiated in China, biochar as a new soil improver has attracted wide concern home and abroad. This paper applied the pilot experiment method, and took Tulbaghia violacea and Malus micromalus cv. "American" as the test flower and tree to explore the impact of different biochar return-to-soil modes on plant growth. It was found that biocharcoveredsoil promoted the growth of both species efficiently, and relieved the poor growth, compared with the control group, biochar-covered-soil reduced yellow leaves, dead leaves and poor growth vigor of T.violacea by 47.8%, 20% and 100%, respectively, and it reduced poor growth, dead branch rate and root tiller germination of M. micromalus cv. "American" by 80%, 62.5% and 50%. The results showed that biocharcoveredsoil was better than biochar-mixing-soil.
文摘生物炭作为新型土壤改良剂正引起国内外的广泛关注,利用园林绿化废弃物制作生物炭在国内尚属起步阶段。采用小区试验方法,以紫娇花(Tulbaghia violacea)和北美海棠(North American Begonia)为供试花卉和树木,研究生物炭土壤覆盖后对花木生长的影响。结果表明,生物炭覆盖土壤对紫娇花和北美海棠生长具有显著的促进作用,并能缓解其不良生长。与对照相比,生物炭覆盖使紫娇花的黄叶、枯叶和不良长势分别下降47.8%、20%和100%,北美海棠的不良长势和枯枝率和根基萌芽分别下降80%、62.5%和50%。
