Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children...Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children younger than 5 years who were recently diagnosed with tuberculosis or had recent exposure to active tuberculosis.QuantiFERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:Of the 60 children,median age 3.3 years,17 had tuberculosis and 43 had recent tuberculosis exposure.Overall,15(25.0%)children had tuberculin skin test reaction≥10 mm;8(13.3%)were positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test,and 12(20.0%)by T-SPOT.TB.Nineteen(31.7%)children had at least one positive test.There was a moderate agreement between interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:The positive rates of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test were low in young children who were infected with tuberculosis,supporting the management strategy of not testing children younger than 5 years.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HI...Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients aged 5-18 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with CD4 T-lymphocytes>25%or>500 cells/mm3 for at least 6 months.QuantiF ERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB,and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled with median age of 13.7 years,CD4 counts of 753(IQR:587-989)cells/mm3.Among 27 patients with tuberculosis(16)or tuberculosis exposure(11),8(29.6%)were positive to at least one test,2(7.4%)were positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold,3(11.1%)positive T-SPOT.TB,and 7(25.9%)had tuberculin skin test≥5 mm.Among 23 patients without history of tuberculosis or exposure,all had negative interferon gamma release assays,while 2(8.7%)had positive tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:All tests had low sensitivity despite immune reconstitution.展开更多
Background: BCG vaccine as an antigen has proved its effectiveness as an immunotherapy for viral warts. Tuberculin is an antigenic extract of M. tuberculosis capable of eliciting an immunological skin reaction. Object...Background: BCG vaccine as an antigen has proved its effectiveness as an immunotherapy for viral warts. Tuberculin is an antigenic extract of M. tuberculosis capable of eliciting an immunological skin reaction. Objective: To assess the efficacy of tuberculin intralesional injection in the treatment of viral warts. Patients and Methods: This single ,blind, placebo controlled study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from March 2010 to July 2011.Forty-one patients with different types of viral warts were enrolled in this study;tuberculin test was done to patients prior to instillation of intralesional treatment. Then the patients treated by intralesional tuberculin in each lesion located on the right side of the body, and intralesional distilled water in each lesion located on the left side of to a maximum of 3 injections, at 2 weeks interval or until full resolution of these lesions. Patients were evaluated every 2 weeks to assess the regression of their lesions and to record any local and systemic adverse effects. The response to treatment was evaluated by decrease in size and reduction in number of warts. Scoring of response to treatment was as follow: 1) Responders: including patients who showed complete cure or those with good response (>50% reduction). 2) Non responders: including patients who showed minimal response (<50% reduction), or those with no improvement (stable disease and disease progression). The follow up period lasted up to 2 months after the last dose. Results: Thirty out of 41 patients had completed the study, of them 14 (46.66%) patients showed response of their lesions on the right side of the body that were treated with tuberculin;15 patients showed no response, 1 patient showed minimal response, 7 patients showed good response and 7 patients showed complete cure (23.33%). Regarding the lesions treated with intralesional distilled water, 25 patients showed no response, 3 patients showed minimal response, 2(6.66) patients showed good response and no patient showed complete cure of their warts. Of the 14 responder patients to intralesional tuberculin, 10 patients were tuberculin tested positive, and 4 patients were tested negative, and of the 16 non responder patients to intralesional tuberculin, 3 patients were tuberculin tested positive, and 13 patients were tuberculin tested negative which was statistically significant difference. No side effects reported from tuberculin therapy apart from mild pain at site of injection. Conclusion: Intralesional injection of tuberculin is an effective therapy for viral warts when compared with control, possibly through its local immunological action and had no systemic immunological response. Patients with previous BCG vaccine showed better response to tuberculin injection.展开更多
Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)...Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)mechanism.Previous studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH response.Therefore,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].展开更多
Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants ...Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants who were between 3 months and 14 years old and had close contact with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Both QFT-GIT test and TST were done and the results were analyzed by SPSS software and Kappa test. Results: The distribution of gender and age according to QFT-GIT and TST results were matched (P>0.05). Overall agreement between QFT-GIT and TST for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children was 75%. In addition, the contingency coefficient was 0.257, and the Kappa measure of agreement was 0.246 (P=0.034). Conclusions: Compared to TST, QFT-GIT shows no apparent advantage for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the policy of TST testing in Suriname. As there is no gold standard to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. However, internationally, the cut-off values of the TST are not uniform and depend on local tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and guidelines for test initiation. In Suriname, where currently several indications exist for TSTs, cut-off values are set at 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on the age and/or medical history of the patient. LTBI classification is performed by pulmonologists primarily based on the American Thoracic Society targeted TB testing guidelines. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">retrospective analysis of outpatient TST data between 2011 and 2019 from Suriname’s sole pulmonary medicine clinic. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1373 patients were evaluated. 590 patients were from the screening group of whom 253 had a positive TST result, 46 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the contact tracing group of 649 patients, 616 had a positive TST, 352 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the medical condition group of 134 patients, 96 had a positive TST, 38 of whom were classified as LTBI. Eventually, positive TST results were found for 965 tested patients: 436 patients were classified as LTBI and 529 non-LTBI patients were not prescribed chemoprophylaxis. None of the non-LTBI TST-positive patients were diagnosed with active TB, including 174 patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater and in need of IPT, but not prescribed by jud</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the pulmonologist or because of loss to follow-up. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overrepresentation of positive TST results in Suriname is attributable to stringent cut-off values, especially among patients who do not disclose TB risk factors. In our opinion the TST cut-off value for such patients in Suriname and other similar settings could be set at 15 mm. We also promote that for all patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater, offering IPT should be considered (after excluding active TB).</span></span></span>展开更多
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country ...Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.展开更多
This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among...This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among based detection of M. bovis infection. A herd of 21 animals aged 1 - 8 years cross bread cattle of college of veterinary medicine. 19 (90.47%) animals had good body condition scores, two bulls included, and 2 (9.52%) cows were fair. Serum samples were collected, analyzed for anti-bovine TB antibody using RAT and iELISA. Also the herd was screened by CCTT. The tests were carried out twice, more than ten month interval, and twelve nasal swabs were taken within second survey. The first survey results revealed prevalence rate: 4 (19.04%) animals considered positive results (one positive and 3 suspected results) for CCTT, while the prevalence rate according to RAT was 10 (47.61%). The difference between the two prevalence rate was significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 4.50, p-value = 0.03) Kappa = 0.215 95% confidence interval: from -0.128 to 0.558;the strength of agreement is considered to be “fair”. The study interprets: sensitivity 30%;specificity 99%. The second survey results revealed prevalence rate according to CCTT was 4 (36.36%), while prevalence rate according to RAT was 5 (45.45%). The difference between the two prevalence was not significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 0.33, p-value = 0.56). Kappa = 0.441 95% confidence interval: from -0.087 to 0.968;the strength of agreement is considered to be “moderate”;sensitivity: 60%;specificity: 83%. All serum samples and nasal swabs gave negative results for iELISA and culturing respectively. The study concluded that RAT was highly specific, easy, labor and time saving, suggesting its use as screening test in bovine tuberculosis, and CCTT could be used to confirm positive animals screened by RAT, while there was no association between RAT, CCTT with body condition scores, iELISA and nasal swabs culture results.展开更多
Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of...Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and strongly-pos-itive TSTs were enrolled.The patients had chest X-ray examinations.Patients without tuberculosis and other diseases were divided into the following groups:90 patients in the prophylaxis group,who were given 300 mg of isoniazid qd(3-5 mg/kg for children)over a 10-month treatment course;and 89 patients in the control group without drug therapy.Both groups were followed for 10 years.Results:(1)There were 568 patients with negative results and 638 with positive results,includ-ing 445 with ordinarily-and moderately-positive results,and 193 with strongly-positive results(a positive rate of 52.9%[638/1206]and a strongly-positive rate of 16.0%[193/1206]).Fourteen tuber-culosis patients were identified(tuberculosis detection rate of 1.1%).(2)During the 3-year period of follow-up,there were 4 patients in the prophylaxis group and 12 patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 4.7%[4/84]and 13.4%[12/89],respectively),and the dif-ference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.916,P=0.048).Six patients in the prophylaxis group,all of whom were children,discontinued medication use during the course of treatment due to adverse drug reactions,for an adverse drug reaction occurrence rate of 6.6%(6/90),a medication completion rate of 93.3%(84/90),and a 3-year protection ratio of 64.6%.(3)During the 4-6 year period,there were two patients in the prophylaxis group and three patients in the control group who acquired tubercu-losis(a morbidity rate of 2.5%[2/78]and 4.1%[3/73],respectively),two in the prophylaxis group and four in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 2.5%[2/80]and 5.1%[4/77],respectively),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.006,P=0.940;χ^(2)=0.215,P=0.643).(4)During the 7-10 year study,there was one patient in the prophylaxis group and two patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 1.3%[1/72]and 3.1%[2/64],respectively),and four in the prophylaxis group and six in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 5.2%[4/76]and 8.5%[6/70],respectively),and the dif-ference was not statistically different(χ^(2)=0.011,P=0.918;χ^(2)=0.176,P=0.675).(5)Within 10 years,there were 7 patients in the prophylaxis group and 17 patients in the control group who acquired tu-berculosis(a morbidity rate of 8.3%[7/84]and 21.5%[17/79],respectively;χ^(2)=4.770,P=0.029),and 6 in the prophylaxis group and 10 in the control group were lost to follow-up(the loss to follow-up rate was 7.1%[6/84]and 11.2%[10/89],respectively;χ^(2)=0.863,P=0.353).Conclusion:Close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis are at high-risk for acquir-ing tuberculosis.It is safe and effective for patients with strongly-positive TST results to undergo isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for 10 months.展开更多
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand,[Grant Number(IO)R016032002]Oxford Immunotec and Biomed diagnostics(Thailand)provided the T-SPOT.TB test kit
文摘Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children younger than 5 years who were recently diagnosed with tuberculosis or had recent exposure to active tuberculosis.QuantiFERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:Of the 60 children,median age 3.3 years,17 had tuberculosis and 43 had recent tuberculosis exposure.Overall,15(25.0%)children had tuberculin skin test reaction≥10 mm;8(13.3%)were positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test,and 12(20.0%)by T-SPOT.TB.Nineteen(31.7%)children had at least one positive test.There was a moderate agreement between interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:The positive rates of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test were low in young children who were infected with tuberculosis,supporting the management strategy of not testing children younger than 5 years.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand,[Grant Number(IO)R015832028].Oxford Immunotec and Biomed diagnostics(Thailand)provided the T-SPOT.TB test kit
文摘Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients aged 5-18 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with CD4 T-lymphocytes>25%or>500 cells/mm3 for at least 6 months.QuantiF ERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB,and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled with median age of 13.7 years,CD4 counts of 753(IQR:587-989)cells/mm3.Among 27 patients with tuberculosis(16)or tuberculosis exposure(11),8(29.6%)were positive to at least one test,2(7.4%)were positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold,3(11.1%)positive T-SPOT.TB,and 7(25.9%)had tuberculin skin test≥5 mm.Among 23 patients without history of tuberculosis or exposure,all had negative interferon gamma release assays,while 2(8.7%)had positive tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:All tests had low sensitivity despite immune reconstitution.
文摘Background: BCG vaccine as an antigen has proved its effectiveness as an immunotherapy for viral warts. Tuberculin is an antigenic extract of M. tuberculosis capable of eliciting an immunological skin reaction. Objective: To assess the efficacy of tuberculin intralesional injection in the treatment of viral warts. Patients and Methods: This single ,blind, placebo controlled study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from March 2010 to July 2011.Forty-one patients with different types of viral warts were enrolled in this study;tuberculin test was done to patients prior to instillation of intralesional treatment. Then the patients treated by intralesional tuberculin in each lesion located on the right side of the body, and intralesional distilled water in each lesion located on the left side of to a maximum of 3 injections, at 2 weeks interval or until full resolution of these lesions. Patients were evaluated every 2 weeks to assess the regression of their lesions and to record any local and systemic adverse effects. The response to treatment was evaluated by decrease in size and reduction in number of warts. Scoring of response to treatment was as follow: 1) Responders: including patients who showed complete cure or those with good response (>50% reduction). 2) Non responders: including patients who showed minimal response (<50% reduction), or those with no improvement (stable disease and disease progression). The follow up period lasted up to 2 months after the last dose. Results: Thirty out of 41 patients had completed the study, of them 14 (46.66%) patients showed response of their lesions on the right side of the body that were treated with tuberculin;15 patients showed no response, 1 patient showed minimal response, 7 patients showed good response and 7 patients showed complete cure (23.33%). Regarding the lesions treated with intralesional distilled water, 25 patients showed no response, 3 patients showed minimal response, 2(6.66) patients showed good response and no patient showed complete cure of their warts. Of the 14 responder patients to intralesional tuberculin, 10 patients were tuberculin tested positive, and 4 patients were tested negative, and of the 16 non responder patients to intralesional tuberculin, 3 patients were tuberculin tested positive, and 13 patients were tuberculin tested negative which was statistically significant difference. No side effects reported from tuberculin therapy apart from mild pain at site of injection. Conclusion: Intralesional injection of tuberculin is an effective therapy for viral warts when compared with control, possibly through its local immunological action and had no systemic immunological response. Patients with previous BCG vaccine showed better response to tuberculin injection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81871691)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(KZ202110025034).
文摘Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)mechanism.Previous studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH response.Therefore,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].
文摘Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants who were between 3 months and 14 years old and had close contact with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Both QFT-GIT test and TST were done and the results were analyzed by SPSS software and Kappa test. Results: The distribution of gender and age according to QFT-GIT and TST results were matched (P>0.05). Overall agreement between QFT-GIT and TST for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children was 75%. In addition, the contingency coefficient was 0.257, and the Kappa measure of agreement was 0.246 (P=0.034). Conclusions: Compared to TST, QFT-GIT shows no apparent advantage for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the policy of TST testing in Suriname. As there is no gold standard to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. However, internationally, the cut-off values of the TST are not uniform and depend on local tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and guidelines for test initiation. In Suriname, where currently several indications exist for TSTs, cut-off values are set at 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on the age and/or medical history of the patient. LTBI classification is performed by pulmonologists primarily based on the American Thoracic Society targeted TB testing guidelines. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">retrospective analysis of outpatient TST data between 2011 and 2019 from Suriname’s sole pulmonary medicine clinic. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1373 patients were evaluated. 590 patients were from the screening group of whom 253 had a positive TST result, 46 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the contact tracing group of 649 patients, 616 had a positive TST, 352 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the medical condition group of 134 patients, 96 had a positive TST, 38 of whom were classified as LTBI. Eventually, positive TST results were found for 965 tested patients: 436 patients were classified as LTBI and 529 non-LTBI patients were not prescribed chemoprophylaxis. None of the non-LTBI TST-positive patients were diagnosed with active TB, including 174 patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater and in need of IPT, but not prescribed by jud</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the pulmonologist or because of loss to follow-up. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overrepresentation of positive TST results in Suriname is attributable to stringent cut-off values, especially among patients who do not disclose TB risk factors. In our opinion the TST cut-off value for such patients in Suriname and other similar settings could be set at 15 mm. We also promote that for all patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater, offering IPT should be considered (after excluding active TB).</span></span></span>
文摘Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.
文摘This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of Rapid Antigen bovine TB antibody test kit (RAT) and any association with cervical comparative tuberculin test (CCTT), (iELISA) and nasal swabs culturing, among based detection of M. bovis infection. A herd of 21 animals aged 1 - 8 years cross bread cattle of college of veterinary medicine. 19 (90.47%) animals had good body condition scores, two bulls included, and 2 (9.52%) cows were fair. Serum samples were collected, analyzed for anti-bovine TB antibody using RAT and iELISA. Also the herd was screened by CCTT. The tests were carried out twice, more than ten month interval, and twelve nasal swabs were taken within second survey. The first survey results revealed prevalence rate: 4 (19.04%) animals considered positive results (one positive and 3 suspected results) for CCTT, while the prevalence rate according to RAT was 10 (47.61%). The difference between the two prevalence rate was significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 4.50, p-value = 0.03) Kappa = 0.215 95% confidence interval: from -0.128 to 0.558;the strength of agreement is considered to be “fair”. The study interprets: sensitivity 30%;specificity 99%. The second survey results revealed prevalence rate according to CCTT was 4 (36.36%), while prevalence rate according to RAT was 5 (45.45%). The difference between the two prevalence was not significant (McNemar chi-statistic = 0.33, p-value = 0.56). Kappa = 0.441 95% confidence interval: from -0.087 to 0.968;the strength of agreement is considered to be “moderate”;sensitivity: 60%;specificity: 83%. All serum samples and nasal swabs gave negative results for iELISA and culturing respectively. The study concluded that RAT was highly specific, easy, labor and time saving, suggesting its use as screening test in bovine tuberculosis, and CCTT could be used to confirm positive animals screened by RAT, while there was no association between RAT, CCTT with body condition scores, iELISA and nasal swabs culture results.
文摘Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and strongly-pos-itive TSTs were enrolled.The patients had chest X-ray examinations.Patients without tuberculosis and other diseases were divided into the following groups:90 patients in the prophylaxis group,who were given 300 mg of isoniazid qd(3-5 mg/kg for children)over a 10-month treatment course;and 89 patients in the control group without drug therapy.Both groups were followed for 10 years.Results:(1)There were 568 patients with negative results and 638 with positive results,includ-ing 445 with ordinarily-and moderately-positive results,and 193 with strongly-positive results(a positive rate of 52.9%[638/1206]and a strongly-positive rate of 16.0%[193/1206]).Fourteen tuber-culosis patients were identified(tuberculosis detection rate of 1.1%).(2)During the 3-year period of follow-up,there were 4 patients in the prophylaxis group and 12 patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 4.7%[4/84]and 13.4%[12/89],respectively),and the dif-ference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.916,P=0.048).Six patients in the prophylaxis group,all of whom were children,discontinued medication use during the course of treatment due to adverse drug reactions,for an adverse drug reaction occurrence rate of 6.6%(6/90),a medication completion rate of 93.3%(84/90),and a 3-year protection ratio of 64.6%.(3)During the 4-6 year period,there were two patients in the prophylaxis group and three patients in the control group who acquired tubercu-losis(a morbidity rate of 2.5%[2/78]and 4.1%[3/73],respectively),two in the prophylaxis group and four in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 2.5%[2/80]and 5.1%[4/77],respectively),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.006,P=0.940;χ^(2)=0.215,P=0.643).(4)During the 7-10 year study,there was one patient in the prophylaxis group and two patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 1.3%[1/72]and 3.1%[2/64],respectively),and four in the prophylaxis group and six in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 5.2%[4/76]and 8.5%[6/70],respectively),and the dif-ference was not statistically different(χ^(2)=0.011,P=0.918;χ^(2)=0.176,P=0.675).(5)Within 10 years,there were 7 patients in the prophylaxis group and 17 patients in the control group who acquired tu-berculosis(a morbidity rate of 8.3%[7/84]and 21.5%[17/79],respectively;χ^(2)=4.770,P=0.029),and 6 in the prophylaxis group and 10 in the control group were lost to follow-up(the loss to follow-up rate was 7.1%[6/84]and 11.2%[10/89],respectively;χ^(2)=0.863,P=0.353).Conclusion:Close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis are at high-risk for acquir-ing tuberculosis.It is safe and effective for patients with strongly-positive TST results to undergo isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for 10 months.
