Presents the application of such components as MT8980 and MT8924 in digital switch modules for trunking system, and design and implementation of digital switch modules, which can perform the functions of digital switc...Presents the application of such components as MT8980 and MT8924 in digital switch modules for trunking system, and design and implementation of digital switch modules, which can perform the functions of digital switch and conference call, and replace analog switch modules and maintain compatibility with analog systems so that the system can gradually and continuously updated to full digitization.展开更多
1 OverviewTrunking communication is an importantbranch in the mobile communications area.By adopting the PTT(Push-to-Talk)mode,half-duplex single calls and groupcalls can be directly set up.The trunkingtechnology is m...1 OverviewTrunking communication is an importantbranch in the mobile communications area.By adopting the PTT(Push-to-Talk)mode,half-duplex single calls and groupcalls can be directly set up.The trunkingtechnology is mainly employed in the field ofdedicated mobile communications.Like othermobile technologies,the development of trunkingtechnology undergoes a course from analogtechnology to digital technology and then to moreadvanced technologies,and its applied fieldsalso have been changed from dedicatednetworks to common networks.In 2002,ZTE organized its R&D institutes at展开更多
1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use...1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use of manyadvantages of the CDMA technology and makesimprovement and optimization for the digitaltrunking communication system. It cansimultaneously realize multipte services including展开更多
ZTE Corporation has launched its world-leadingGoTa Digital Trunking Communication System inBeijing—a CDMA-based new generation digitaltrunking technology for Chinese and internationalmarkets.It is the first digital t...ZTE Corporation has launched its world-leadingGoTa Digital Trunking Communication System inBeijing—a CDMA-based new generation digitaltrunking technology for Chinese and internationalmarkets.It is the first digital trunking productdeveloped by a Chinese enterprise with anindependent intellectual property right.“This is a product that the global public展开更多
In the practice of pipeline transport of oil,oil products and gas to perform turns of trunk and field pipelines in vertical and horizontal planes are used bends of various designs such as:elbows with bending radius of...In the practice of pipeline transport of oil,oil products and gas to perform turns of trunk and field pipelines in vertical and horizontal planes are used bends of various designs such as:elbows with bending radius of 1.0DN or 1.5DN and standardized angles of 30°,45°,60°,90°;induction bends with bending angles from 1°to 90°;cold bends with bending angles depending on the nominal diameter DN.展开更多
Musculoskeletal Symptoms(MSS)often arise from prolonged maintenance of bent postures in the neck and trunk during surgical procedures.To prevent MSS,a passive exoskeleton utilizing carbon fiber beams to offer support ...Musculoskeletal Symptoms(MSS)often arise from prolonged maintenance of bent postures in the neck and trunk during surgical procedures.To prevent MSS,a passive exoskeleton utilizing carbon fiber beams to offer support to the neck and trunk was proposed.The application of support force is intended to reduce muscle forces and joint compression forces.A nonlinear mathematical model for the neck and trunk support beam is presented to estimate the support force.A validation test is subsequently conducted to assess the accuracy of the mathematical model.Finally,a preliminary functional evaluation test is performed to evaluate movement capabilities and support provided by the exoskeleton.The mathematical model demonstrates an accuracy for beam support force within a range of 0.8–1.2 N Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).The exoskeleton was shown to allow sufficient Range of Motion(ROM)for neck and trunk during open surgery training.While the exoskeleton showed potential in reducing musculoskeletal load and task difficulty during simulated surgery tasks,the observed reduction in perceived task difficulty was deemed non-significant.This prompts the recommendation for further optimization in personalized adjustments of beams to facilitate improvements in task difficulty and enhance comfort.展开更多
Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purp...Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purpose of this study was to systematically alter the trunk lean angle in distance running using an auditory real-time feedback approach and to derive dose-response relationships between sagittal plane trunk lean angle and lower extremity(cumulative)joint loading to guide overuse load management in clinical practice.Methods:Thirty recreational runners(15 males and 15 females)ran at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s at 5 systematically varied trunk lean conditions on a force-instrumented treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were captured.Results:A change in trunk lean angle from-2°(extension)to 28°(flexion)resulted in a systematic increase in stance phase angular impulse,cumulative impulse,and peak moment at the hip joint in the sagittal and transversal plane.In contrast,a systematic decrease in these parameters at the knee j oint in the sagittal plane and the hip joint in the frontal plane was found(p<0.001).Linear fitting revealed that with every degree of anterior trunk leaning,the cumulative hip joint extension loading increases by 3.26 Nm·s/kg/1000 m,while simultaneously decreasing knee joint extension loading by 1.08 Nm·s/kg/1000 m.Conclusion:Trunk leaning can reduce knee joint loading and hip joint abduction loading,at the cost of hip joint loading in the sagittal and transversal planes during distance running.Modulating lower extremity joint loading by altering trunk lean angle is an effective strategy to redistribute joint load between/within the knee and hip joints.When implementing anterior trunk leaning in clinical practice,the increased demands on the hip musculature,dynamic stability,and the potential trade-off with running economy should be considered.展开更多
Tree trunk instance segmentation is crucial for under-canopy unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to autonomously extract standing tree stem attributes.Using cameras as sensors makes these UAVs compact and lightweight,facili...Tree trunk instance segmentation is crucial for under-canopy unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to autonomously extract standing tree stem attributes.Using cameras as sensors makes these UAVs compact and lightweight,facilitating safe and flexible navigation in dense forests.However,their limited onboard computational power makes real-time,image-based tree trunk segmentation challenging,emphasizing the urgent need for lightweight and efficient segmentation models.In this study,we present RT-Trunk,a model specifically designed for real-time tree trunk instance segmentation in complex forest environments.To ensure real-time performance,we selected SparseInst as the base framework.We incorporated ConvNeXt-T as the backbone to enhance feature extraction for tree trunks,thereby improving segmentation accuracy.We further integrate the lightweight convolutional block attention module(CBAM),enabling the model to focus on tree trunk features while suppressing irrelevant information,which leads to additional gains in segmentation accuracy.To enable RT-Trunk to operate effectively under diverse complex forest environments,we constructed a comprehensive dataset for training and testing by combining self-collected data with multiple public datasets covering different locations,seasons,weather conditions,tree species,and levels of forest clutter.Com-pared with the other tree trunk segmentation methods,the RT-Trunk method achieved an average precision of 91.4%and the fastest inference speed of 32.9 frames per second.Overall,the proposed RT-Trunk provides superior trunk segmentation performance that balances speed and accu-racy,making it a promising solution for supporting under-canopy UAVs in the autonomous extraction of standing tree stem attributes.The code for this work is available at https://github.com/NEFU CVRG/RT Trunk.展开更多
The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistan...The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.展开更多
文摘Presents the application of such components as MT8980 and MT8924 in digital switch modules for trunking system, and design and implementation of digital switch modules, which can perform the functions of digital switch and conference call, and replace analog switch modules and maintain compatibility with analog systems so that the system can gradually and continuously updated to full digitization.
文摘1 OverviewTrunking communication is an importantbranch in the mobile communications area.By adopting the PTT(Push-to-Talk)mode,half-duplex single calls and groupcalls can be directly set up.The trunkingtechnology is mainly employed in the field ofdedicated mobile communications.Like othermobile technologies,the development of trunkingtechnology undergoes a course from analogtechnology to digital technology and then to moreadvanced technologies,and its applied fieldsalso have been changed from dedicatednetworks to common networks.In 2002,ZTE organized its R&D institutes at
文摘1 GoTa System Features andLocation Service1.1 GoTaGoTa, the abbreviation of“Global OpenTrunking Architecture”, is anew-generation digital trunkingcommunication system based on theCDMA2000 1x technology. It makes use of manyadvantages of the CDMA technology and makesimprovement and optimization for the digitaltrunking communication system. It cansimultaneously realize multipte services including
文摘ZTE Corporation has launched its world-leadingGoTa Digital Trunking Communication System inBeijing—a CDMA-based new generation digitaltrunking technology for Chinese and internationalmarkets.It is the first digital trunking productdeveloped by a Chinese enterprise with anindependent intellectual property right.“This is a product that the global public
文摘In the practice of pipeline transport of oil,oil products and gas to perform turns of trunk and field pipelines in vertical and horizontal planes are used bends of various designs such as:elbows with bending radius of 1.0DN or 1.5DN and standardized angles of 30°,45°,60°,90°;induction bends with bending angles from 1°to 90°;cold bends with bending angles depending on the nominal diameter DN.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council,Grant Number 201906840121department of rehabilitation medicine,University Medical Center Groningen,University of Groningen,grant number:O/085350.
文摘Musculoskeletal Symptoms(MSS)often arise from prolonged maintenance of bent postures in the neck and trunk during surgical procedures.To prevent MSS,a passive exoskeleton utilizing carbon fiber beams to offer support to the neck and trunk was proposed.The application of support force is intended to reduce muscle forces and joint compression forces.A nonlinear mathematical model for the neck and trunk support beam is presented to estimate the support force.A validation test is subsequently conducted to assess the accuracy of the mathematical model.Finally,a preliminary functional evaluation test is performed to evaluate movement capabilities and support provided by the exoskeleton.The mathematical model demonstrates an accuracy for beam support force within a range of 0.8–1.2 N Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).The exoskeleton was shown to allow sufficient Range of Motion(ROM)for neck and trunk during open surgery training.While the exoskeleton showed potential in reducing musculoskeletal load and task difficulty during simulated surgery tasks,the observed reduction in perceived task difficulty was deemed non-significant.This prompts the recommendation for further optimization in personalized adjustments of beams to facilitate improvements in task difficulty and enhance comfort.
文摘Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purpose of this study was to systematically alter the trunk lean angle in distance running using an auditory real-time feedback approach and to derive dose-response relationships between sagittal plane trunk lean angle and lower extremity(cumulative)joint loading to guide overuse load management in clinical practice.Methods:Thirty recreational runners(15 males and 15 females)ran at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s at 5 systematically varied trunk lean conditions on a force-instrumented treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were captured.Results:A change in trunk lean angle from-2°(extension)to 28°(flexion)resulted in a systematic increase in stance phase angular impulse,cumulative impulse,and peak moment at the hip joint in the sagittal and transversal plane.In contrast,a systematic decrease in these parameters at the knee j oint in the sagittal plane and the hip joint in the frontal plane was found(p<0.001).Linear fitting revealed that with every degree of anterior trunk leaning,the cumulative hip joint extension loading increases by 3.26 Nm·s/kg/1000 m,while simultaneously decreasing knee joint extension loading by 1.08 Nm·s/kg/1000 m.Conclusion:Trunk leaning can reduce knee joint loading and hip joint abduction loading,at the cost of hip joint loading in the sagittal and transversal planes during distance running.Modulating lower extremity joint loading by altering trunk lean angle is an effective strategy to redistribute joint load between/within the knee and hip joints.When implementing anterior trunk leaning in clinical practice,the increased demands on the hip musculature,dynamic stability,and the potential trade-off with running economy should be considered.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31470714 and 61701105).
文摘Tree trunk instance segmentation is crucial for under-canopy unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to autonomously extract standing tree stem attributes.Using cameras as sensors makes these UAVs compact and lightweight,facilitating safe and flexible navigation in dense forests.However,their limited onboard computational power makes real-time,image-based tree trunk segmentation challenging,emphasizing the urgent need for lightweight and efficient segmentation models.In this study,we present RT-Trunk,a model specifically designed for real-time tree trunk instance segmentation in complex forest environments.To ensure real-time performance,we selected SparseInst as the base framework.We incorporated ConvNeXt-T as the backbone to enhance feature extraction for tree trunks,thereby improving segmentation accuracy.We further integrate the lightweight convolutional block attention module(CBAM),enabling the model to focus on tree trunk features while suppressing irrelevant information,which leads to additional gains in segmentation accuracy.To enable RT-Trunk to operate effectively under diverse complex forest environments,we constructed a comprehensive dataset for training and testing by combining self-collected data with multiple public datasets covering different locations,seasons,weather conditions,tree species,and levels of forest clutter.Com-pared with the other tree trunk segmentation methods,the RT-Trunk method achieved an average precision of 91.4%and the fastest inference speed of 32.9 frames per second.Overall,the proposed RT-Trunk provides superior trunk segmentation performance that balances speed and accu-racy,making it a promising solution for supporting under-canopy UAVs in the autonomous extraction of standing tree stem attributes.The code for this work is available at https://github.com/NEFU CVRG/RT Trunk.
文摘The utilization of oil palm biomass in the production of high-value products has increased substantially.Due to the presence of sugars and starches in their tissues,oil palms have an exceptionally low natural resistance to fungi,making them susceptible to contamination.In this study,the properties of particleboard made from oil palmfibers,namely empty fruit bunches(EFB),oil palm trunks(OPT),and oil palm fronds(OPF)fibers and its poten-tial for fungal attack were evaluated.The chemical composition,spectroscopic characterization,morphological features,and elemental analysis of oil palm biomassfibers were identified and thoroughly examined.The mechan-ical properties and dimensional stability of the boards were assessed based on Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)and American National Standards Institute(ANSI)guidelines.The density,strength,and moisture resistance of particleboard made from OPTfibers may vary from those made from OPF and EFB due to inherent changes in chemical composition andfiber structure.These differences have an impact on the overall performance of the particleboard.Based on the ANOVA and Tukey’s test results,significant differences in elasticity properties were observed mainly between OPT and otherfibers,while bending strength revealed notable differences between various pairs of particleboards.The evaluation also highlighted variations in dimensional stability and water absorption capabilities.However,bending strength properties did not demonstrate any significant deviations.For the fungi test,fungal activity on the boards was observed over a two-week period in a controlled environment.The study revealed that oil palm-based particleboard exhibited susceptibility to fungal attacks,particularly from Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,and Paecilomyces variotii.Thesefindings highlight the necessity for additional treatments to control or prevent fungal growth,thereby enhancing the commercial value of the particleboards.
