<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urban Air pollution ...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urban Air pollution is increasingly becoming a major health and sustainable development issue. Several studies showed that Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is one of the main sources of urban air pollution and has serious consequences on respiratory health. As no systematic review focused on the traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health in the target population of individuals working in a shop or in an office or individuals living along the trunk road, the authors conducted the current study to try to fill this gap. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A systematic review search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scientific Research Publishing: SCIRP, Web of Science, Google scholar. Studies were included if they meet the following selection criteria: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) focus on population working or living along a major/trunk road</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) studies had reported clearly at least on the exposure variables related to TRAP</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) the association between TRAP and development of respiratory symptoms or respiratory diseases was established. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13 articles were selected on the 192 articles that were retrieved in the initial research. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution was determined by using distance to road, traffic intensity and pollutants measured. The main respiratory health problems found were cough, wheeze, asthma and bronchitis. No article discussed about roundabouts in characterizing exposure to traffic-related air pollution. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Distance to road, traffic density and pollutants measured are the usual methods to characterize the exposure to traffic-related air pollution and its consequences on respiratory health. Regarding the context of area occupations in African cities, it is necessary to focus on population around roundabouts and see if they are not more exposed to TRAP.展开更多
Trunk roads play an important role in undertaking high-grade roads and connecting Qixia County, township and rural roads in road traffic. At present, it has been transformed from the decline of construction bonus to a...Trunk roads play an important role in undertaking high-grade roads and connecting Qixia County, township and rural roads in road traffic. At present, it has been transformed from the decline of construction bonus to a new era of increased maintenance. As the manager and maintainer of road traffic, how to do a good job in the comprehensive and three-dimensional maintenance of the road itself and the surrounding environment, so as to achieve the real meaning of "Chang'an, Shu'Mei",It is one of the important issues that highway managers and maintainers should consider as highway high-quality development. This paper shares the management experience in recent years for peer reference only.展开更多
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Urban Air pollution is increasingly becoming a major health and sustainable development issue. Several studies showed that Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is one of the main sources of urban air pollution and has serious consequences on respiratory health. As no systematic review focused on the traffic-related air pollution and respiratory health in the target population of individuals working in a shop or in an office or individuals living along the trunk road, the authors conducted the current study to try to fill this gap. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A systematic review search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scientific Research Publishing: SCIRP, Web of Science, Google scholar. Studies were included if they meet the following selection criteria: </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) focus on population working or living along a major/trunk road</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) studies had reported clearly at least on the exposure variables related to TRAP</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) the association between TRAP and development of respiratory symptoms or respiratory diseases was established. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13 articles were selected on the 192 articles that were retrieved in the initial research. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution was determined by using distance to road, traffic intensity and pollutants measured. The main respiratory health problems found were cough, wheeze, asthma and bronchitis. No article discussed about roundabouts in characterizing exposure to traffic-related air pollution. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Distance to road, traffic density and pollutants measured are the usual methods to characterize the exposure to traffic-related air pollution and its consequences on respiratory health. Regarding the context of area occupations in African cities, it is necessary to focus on population around roundabouts and see if they are not more exposed to TRAP.
文摘Trunk roads play an important role in undertaking high-grade roads and connecting Qixia County, township and rural roads in road traffic. At present, it has been transformed from the decline of construction bonus to a new era of increased maintenance. As the manager and maintainer of road traffic, how to do a good job in the comprehensive and three-dimensional maintenance of the road itself and the surrounding environment, so as to achieve the real meaning of "Chang'an, Shu'Mei",It is one of the important issues that highway managers and maintainers should consider as highway high-quality development. This paper shares the management experience in recent years for peer reference only.
