Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factor...Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.展开更多
The succession of fungal community,trophic mode and metabolic characteristics were evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure by high-throughput sequencing,FUNGuild and Biolog method,respectively.The result showe...The succession of fungal community,trophic mode and metabolic characteristics were evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure by high-throughput sequencing,FUNGuild and Biolog method,respectively.The result showed that the ftingal community diversity reached to the highest level(76 OTUs)in the thermophilic phase of composting,then sustained decline to 15 OTUs after incubation.There were 10 fungal function groups in the raw swine manure.Pathotroph-saprotroph fungi reached to 15.91%on Day-10but disappeared on Day-60.Dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph fungi grown from 0.19%to 52.39%during the treatment.The ftmgal community had more functional groups but the lower substrate degradation rates in the thermophilic phase.The fungal communities on Day-0 and Day-60 had the highest degradation rates of amino acids and polymers,respectively.Redundancy analysis showed that ORP(49.6%),VS/Ash(45.3%)and moisture(39.2%)were the main influence factors on the succession of fungal community in the swine manure composting process.展开更多
The invasion of phytopathogens impacts the composition and associations of the internal microbial inhabitants.Leaf spot is one of the most devastating diseases in eggplant var.Mattu Gulla which is unique in terms of g...The invasion of phytopathogens impacts the composition and associations of the internal microbial inhabitants.Leaf spot is one of the most devastating diseases in eggplant var.Mattu Gulla which is unique in terms of geographic indication(GI)status.Leaf spot samples(asymptomatic and symptomatic)were collected to characterize the fungal community associated with them using culture-based and next-generation ITS rRNA-based metabarcoding approaches.Both methods showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla in both groups.In the asymptomatic group,Didymosphaeriaceae,Pleosporaceae,Trichomeriaceae,and Capnodiaceae were the most differentially abundant families.In contrast,Phaeosphaeriaceae,Pleosporaceae,Didymellaceae,Rhynchogastremataceae,and Bulleribasidiaceae were the most differentially abundant families in the symptomatic group.At the genus level,Cladosporium was the most differentially abundant genus in the asymptomatic group.In the symptomatic group Alternaria,Remotididymella,Vishniacozyma,Bulleribasidium,Occultifur,Epicoccum,and Loratospora were the abundant genera.The pathotroph-saprotrophic mode was the most common mode identified in both groups,with an increased abundance in the symptomatic group.Seven fungal families and two genera were identified as common according to the culture-based method and NGS analysis based on ITS rRNA metabarcoding.Our study indicated that the composition of the core microbial community varies with plant health status,and a combination of culturable and next-generation ITS rRNA-based metabarcoding approaches could be a reliable option for obtaining a detailed understanding of plant-associated fungal communities.展开更多
The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved i...The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats.Yet,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging.In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels.Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,respectively.This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental stud-ies.In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences.On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.展开更多
基金the funding provided by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201804910634)the Ecology Fund of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences(KNAWWF/807/19039)to Deyi Wang.
文摘Mycorrhizal symbioses are prevalent in terrestrial ecosystems and play essential roles in plant nutrition and health.However,the relative importance of plant evolutionary history,physiology,and eco-geographical factors in shaping mycorrhizal fungal community assembly remains poorly understood.Here,we investigate how plant phylogeny,trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche collectively influence the diversity and composition of mycorrhizal fungal communities across the Orchidaceae,spanning broad phylogenetic and ecological scales.By using family-wide orchid-fungal associations and global occurrence data,our analyses showed that the variation in fungal diversity and community structure can be partially explained by orchids’trophic mode,biogeographic distribution and environmental niche,but not by their overall phylogenetic relatedness.Among trophic modes,partially mycoheterotrophic orchids exhibited the highest level of fungal diversity(the lowest level of fungal specificity)in association with a broad range of phylogenetically dispersed fungal partners.Between biogeographical regions,a significantly higher level of fungal specificity was found for orchid species distributed in Australia than those in Eurasia and Africa.Furthermore,multivariate analyses showed that a small portion of the variation in fungal community structure was significantly related to broad climate,soil and vegetation variables,indicating the existence of large-scale habitat filtering on orchid mycorrhizal communities.Altogether,our findings indicate that mycorrhizal communities in the orchid family are likely shaped by multiple,intertwined factors related to orchid ecophysiology and biogeography on a global scale.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51778180 and 51761145031)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.NSRIF.2017057)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation of Heilongjiang(LBH-TZ0510)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Funds for scientific research initiation(LBH-Q16110).
文摘The succession of fungal community,trophic mode and metabolic characteristics were evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure by high-throughput sequencing,FUNGuild and Biolog method,respectively.The result showed that the ftingal community diversity reached to the highest level(76 OTUs)in the thermophilic phase of composting,then sustained decline to 15 OTUs after incubation.There were 10 fungal function groups in the raw swine manure.Pathotroph-saprotroph fungi reached to 15.91%on Day-10but disappeared on Day-60.Dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph fungi grown from 0.19%to 52.39%during the treatment.The ftmgal community had more functional groups but the lower substrate degradation rates in the thermophilic phase.The fungal communities on Day-0 and Day-60 had the highest degradation rates of amino acids and polymers,respectively.Redundancy analysis showed that ORP(49.6%),VS/Ash(45.3%)and moisture(39.2%)were the main influence factors on the succession of fungal community in the swine manure composting process.
基金the Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE)and the Manipal School of Life Sciences,Manipal,Karnataka,India,and TIFAC-CORE and FIST,DST New Delhi,DBT-BUILDER grant(BT/INF/22/SP43065/2021)K-FIST,VGST,Govt.
文摘The invasion of phytopathogens impacts the composition and associations of the internal microbial inhabitants.Leaf spot is one of the most devastating diseases in eggplant var.Mattu Gulla which is unique in terms of geographic indication(GI)status.Leaf spot samples(asymptomatic and symptomatic)were collected to characterize the fungal community associated with them using culture-based and next-generation ITS rRNA-based metabarcoding approaches.Both methods showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla in both groups.In the asymptomatic group,Didymosphaeriaceae,Pleosporaceae,Trichomeriaceae,and Capnodiaceae were the most differentially abundant families.In contrast,Phaeosphaeriaceae,Pleosporaceae,Didymellaceae,Rhynchogastremataceae,and Bulleribasidiaceae were the most differentially abundant families in the symptomatic group.At the genus level,Cladosporium was the most differentially abundant genus in the asymptomatic group.In the symptomatic group Alternaria,Remotididymella,Vishniacozyma,Bulleribasidium,Occultifur,Epicoccum,and Loratospora were the abundant genera.The pathotroph-saprotrophic mode was the most common mode identified in both groups,with an increased abundance in the symptomatic group.Seven fungal families and two genera were identified as common according to the culture-based method and NGS analysis based on ITS rRNA metabarcoding.Our study indicated that the composition of the core microbial community varies with plant health status,and a combination of culturable and next-generation ITS rRNA-based metabarcoding approaches could be a reliable option for obtaining a detailed understanding of plant-associated fungal communities.
基金Estonian Science Foundation grants PSG136,PRG632,PUT1170the University of Tartu(PLTOM20903)the European Regional Development Fund(Centre of Excellence EcolChange).
文摘The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental studies.Over the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and habitats.Yet,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains challenging.In order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis levels.Combining the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,respectively.This resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental stud-ies.In order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS sequences.On the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.
