Temperature treatment to inhibit extrusion of the polar body of the egg was first used on a lower crustacean, Anemia salina (Gross, 1932), and then was used for inducing triploids of amphibian (Frankhauser and Griffit...Temperature treatment to inhibit extrusion of the polar body of the egg was first used on a lower crustacean, Anemia salina (Gross, 1932), and then was used for inducing triploids of amphibian (Frankhauser and Griffiths, 1939), fish (Svardson, 1945), and mammal (Beatly and Fishchberg, 1949).So far, induction of triploidy has been extensively used to obtain sterile or quick-growth individuals in fish (Swarup, 1956; Lincoln.and Scott, 1983 and Thorgaard, 1986) and mollusk (Stanley et al., 1984), but similar work has not been reported on crab, a higher crustacean.展开更多
Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-...Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences.展开更多
In order to evaluate the effects of triploidy induction on a selected strain‘Haida No.2’of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,which is characterized with golden shell color and high growth rate,the growth,survival...In order to evaluate the effects of triploidy induction on a selected strain‘Haida No.2’of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,which is characterized with golden shell color and high growth rate,the growth,survival rate and stability of triploid rate were analyzed at different development stages in the present study.Three different conditions inhibiting the release of polar body Ⅱ or polar body Ⅰ were tested:(A)Cytochalasin-B(CB),0.5mg L^(−1) at 10min post-insemination for 15 min;(B)CB,0.5mg L^(−1)at 15 min postinsemination for 20 min;and(C)CB,0.7mg L^(−1),at 15 min post-insemination for 20 min.The triploidy induction treatments significantly reduced the D-larvae and survival rates at the larvae stage but not at the juvenile and adult stages.Triploid rate dramatically decreased at the larval stage and did not significantly change at the juvenile and adult stages.Regarding the stability of the triploid rate,there was a significant difference between the three treatment groups.Larvae from the treatment A and control groups exhibited higher growth rates in shell height than those from the other two treatment groups at day 27.Triploid juveniles and adults from the treatment A group exhibited a higher wet weight than diploids from the control group and triploids from the other treatment groups.Triploidy induction did not affect the shell color of the progeny.The results obtained in the study demonstrate that triploidy induction has the potential to be used to increase the production of C.gigas variety‘Haida No.2’without modifying its golden shell color.展开更多
The pacific oyster is a common species of oyster,an important economic species,and the main object of research,with important ecological value,economic value and scientific research value,it is a model organism for th...The pacific oyster is a common species of oyster,an important economic species,and the main object of research,with important ecological value,economic value and scientific research value,it is a model organism for the study of shellfish and crown wheel organisms,and with the deciphering of its genome,the pacific oyster has received wider attention and more in-depth research.The CNKI Chinese database was used to retrieve 595 pieces of literature on the subject of the pacific oyster.Using the CiteSpace software's literature for econometric analysis method,the annual trend of the number of publications,journals,authors,keywords,research institutions,funding,and citations were analyzed,and research hotspots and trends were analyzed by combining with the keyword knowledge network.The analysis results showed that the annual publication volume of the pacific oyster tends to be stable,and the research institutions are mostly concentrated in the scientific research institutions in Qingdao,Shandong Province,mainly in Ocean University of China,with triploidy,growth,hybrid dominance,shell color,and genes as the research hotspots,and gene editing,carbon sinks,and environmental interactions as the future research directions.展开更多
The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized ...The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.展开更多
<strong>Objectives</strong>:<span> This retrospective study evaluated 1) benefits of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) in the diagnosis of complete hydatidifor...<strong>Objectives</strong>:<span> This retrospective study evaluated 1) benefits of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) in the diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial HM (PHM) in products of conception (POC) and amniotic fluid (AF) specimens, and 2) frequency of whole-genome uniparental disomy (wgUPD) and triploidy in POC and AF specimens received at a US national reference laboratory.</span><span "=""> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> We reviewed consecutive 2138 POC and 3230 AF specimens and identified the cases with wgUPD and triploidy which are associated with molar pregnancy.</span><span "=""> </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span "=""><span> Of 2138 consecutive POC specimens tested, SNP-based CMA detected wgUPD in 10 (0.47%) and triploidy in 84 (3.93%). Of the 10 wgUPD cases, 9 (90%) were confirmed as CHM. Of 3230 consecutive AF specimens, the array detected wgUPD in 1 case (0.03%) and triploidy in 11 (0.34%). </span><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b><span> SNP-based microarray allows detection of wgUPD in POC and AF specimens at a US national reference laboratory. Correctly diagnosing HM and differentiating CHM from PHM </span></span><span>are</span><span> important for clinical management. The effective SNP-based CMA detection of wgUPD in CHM may enable physicians to monitor patients at risk for gestational trophoblastic disease and neoplasm.</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>Conventional chromosome analysis of POC has a high </span><span>failure rate, cannot be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples, and cannot detect wgUPD. Further</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>multi-institutional collaborative assessmen</span><span> on accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and adequate access to SNP-based CMA, may lead this testing platform to be considered as the first-tier analysis tool for POC specimens, including those showing PHM or CHM.展开更多
文摘Temperature treatment to inhibit extrusion of the polar body of the egg was first used on a lower crustacean, Anemia salina (Gross, 1932), and then was used for inducing triploids of amphibian (Frankhauser and Griffiths, 1939), fish (Svardson, 1945), and mammal (Beatly and Fishchberg, 1949).So far, induction of triploidy has been extensively used to obtain sterile or quick-growth individuals in fish (Swarup, 1956; Lincoln.and Scott, 1983 and Thorgaard, 1986) and mollusk (Stanley et al., 1984), but similar work has not been reported on crab, a higher crustacean.
文摘Heat shocks effectively produced triploids in Penaeus chinensis . Fertilized eggs heat shocked (28-32℃) for 8 to 16 minutes, starting from 8 to 20 minutes after spawning, resulted in triploidy induction rates of 39%-75%. Several triploid populations were cultured to 10 cm. In a triploid population, two kinds of ovaries were observed. Histological examination showed apparent differences between these two kinds of ovaries, whereas among male shrimp, there were no such differences.
基金supported by the grants from the China Agriculture Research System Project(No.CARS-49)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(Nos.2020LZGC016,2021 LZGC027).
文摘In order to evaluate the effects of triploidy induction on a selected strain‘Haida No.2’of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas,which is characterized with golden shell color and high growth rate,the growth,survival rate and stability of triploid rate were analyzed at different development stages in the present study.Three different conditions inhibiting the release of polar body Ⅱ or polar body Ⅰ were tested:(A)Cytochalasin-B(CB),0.5mg L^(−1) at 10min post-insemination for 15 min;(B)CB,0.5mg L^(−1)at 15 min postinsemination for 20 min;and(C)CB,0.7mg L^(−1),at 15 min post-insemination for 20 min.The triploidy induction treatments significantly reduced the D-larvae and survival rates at the larvae stage but not at the juvenile and adult stages.Triploid rate dramatically decreased at the larval stage and did not significantly change at the juvenile and adult stages.Regarding the stability of the triploid rate,there was a significant difference between the three treatment groups.Larvae from the treatment A and control groups exhibited higher growth rates in shell height than those from the other two treatment groups at day 27.Triploid juveniles and adults from the treatment A group exhibited a higher wet weight than diploids from the control group and triploids from the other treatment groups.Triploidy induction did not affect the shell color of the progeny.The results obtained in the study demonstrate that triploidy induction has the potential to be used to increase the production of C.gigas variety‘Haida No.2’without modifying its golden shell color.
基金supported by the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin Agricultural Development Service Center.
文摘The pacific oyster is a common species of oyster,an important economic species,and the main object of research,with important ecological value,economic value and scientific research value,it is a model organism for the study of shellfish and crown wheel organisms,and with the deciphering of its genome,the pacific oyster has received wider attention and more in-depth research.The CNKI Chinese database was used to retrieve 595 pieces of literature on the subject of the pacific oyster.Using the CiteSpace software's literature for econometric analysis method,the annual trend of the number of publications,journals,authors,keywords,research institutions,funding,and citations were analyzed,and research hotspots and trends were analyzed by combining with the keyword knowledge network.The analysis results showed that the annual publication volume of the pacific oyster tends to be stable,and the research institutions are mostly concentrated in the scientific research institutions in Qingdao,Shandong Province,mainly in Ocean University of China,with triploidy,growth,hybrid dominance,shell color,and genes as the research hotspots,and gene editing,carbon sinks,and environmental interactions as the future research directions.
文摘The early effects of chromosomal manipulation of eggs and sperm on the yields of triploid and gynogenetic diploid larvae of Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Triploidy was achieved by cold shocking fertilized eggs at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization, and the induced triploidy rates were 31.2%-50% and the relative hatching rates were 53.3%-99%. Gynogenetic diploids were obtained when eggs were inseminated with irradiated sperm and cold shocked at 0-2℃ for 45 minutes duration 5 minutes after fertilization. The induced gynogenetic diploid rates and the relative hatching rates were 94%-96% and 48.5%-68.5% respectively. The embryonic development of the triploid experimental group and of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group was delayed at first compared with the control group. But from the gastrula stage, it was not delayed anymore. There were no significant differences in the growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae, and in the growth of the gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae and the control group larvae according to Student’s t test (α=0.05). The relationship between the early growth of the triploid experimental group larvae and that of gynogenetic diploid experimental group larvae was also studied.
文摘<strong>Objectives</strong>:<span> This retrospective study evaluated 1) benefits of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) in the diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial HM (PHM) in products of conception (POC) and amniotic fluid (AF) specimens, and 2) frequency of whole-genome uniparental disomy (wgUPD) and triploidy in POC and AF specimens received at a US national reference laboratory.</span><span "=""> </span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> We reviewed consecutive 2138 POC and 3230 AF specimens and identified the cases with wgUPD and triploidy which are associated with molar pregnancy.</span><span "=""> </span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span "=""><span> Of 2138 consecutive POC specimens tested, SNP-based CMA detected wgUPD in 10 (0.47%) and triploidy in 84 (3.93%). Of the 10 wgUPD cases, 9 (90%) were confirmed as CHM. Of 3230 consecutive AF specimens, the array detected wgUPD in 1 case (0.03%) and triploidy in 11 (0.34%). </span><b><span>Conclusions:</span></b><span> SNP-based microarray allows detection of wgUPD in POC and AF specimens at a US national reference laboratory. Correctly diagnosing HM and differentiating CHM from PHM </span></span><span>are</span><span> important for clinical management. The effective SNP-based CMA detection of wgUPD in CHM may enable physicians to monitor patients at risk for gestational trophoblastic disease and neoplasm.</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>Conventional chromosome analysis of POC has a high </span><span>failure rate, cannot be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples, and cannot detect wgUPD. Further</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>multi-institutional collaborative assessmen</span><span> on accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and adequate access to SNP-based CMA, may lead this testing platform to be considered as the first-tier analysis tool for POC specimens, including those showing PHM or CHM.
