Propionate and butyrate are proven capable of decreasing plasma cholesterol.However,their undesired odor and unpleasant smell limit their direct application as a dietary supplement.In contrast,their respective triacyl...Propionate and butyrate are proven capable of decreasing plasma cholesterol.However,their undesired odor and unpleasant smell limit their direct application as a dietary supplement.In contrast,their respective triacylglycerols tributyrin(Tb)and tripropionin(Tp)are odorless and can be directly used as healthy supplements.In view that no study has investigated the relative biological potency of Tb and Tp,the present study was designed to compare the effects of Tp and Tb on plasma cholesterol and gut microbiota using hypercholesterolemic hamsters as a model.Male golden hamsters were randomly allocated to 6 groups fed one of the following 6 diets,namely,low-cholesterol diet(LCD),high-cholesterol diet(HCD),HCD+0.5%Tp(LTp),HCD+1%Tp(HTp),HCD+0.5%Tb(LTb),and HCD+1%Tb(HTb).Results showed that Tb administration at 1%could significantly reduce plasma total cholesterol(TC),non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDLC),and the ratio of non-HDLC to HDLC,whereas Tp supplementation had no effect.Mechanistically,Tb but not Tp could decrease plasma cholesterol by increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids via upregulating gene expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and liver X receptor alpha(LXRα).In addition,Tb supplementation at 1%could increase the gut microbiota diversity,reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and favorably increase the abundance of beneficial microbial genera Bifidobacterium.In conclusion,dietary Tb supplementation was more effective than Tp in mitigating hypercholesterolemia by increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids and favorably modulating gut microbiota.展开更多
Background:The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development,oxidative stress,mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Seven...Background:The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development,oxidative stress,mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two pigs were divided into two treatments and received either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg tributyrin.Each treatment has six replicates of six pigs.After 14 days,6 pigs from each treatment were selected and the jejunal samples were collected.Results:Results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased(P<0.05)villus height and villus height:crypt depth of weaned pigs.Pigs fed tributyrin had greater(P<0.05)RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios than pigs on the control group.The mRNA levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1 and glucose transporter-2 in the jejunum were upregulated(P<0.05)in pigs fed the tributyrin diet.Dietary tributyrin supplementation lowered(P<0.05)the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)content in jejunum,enhanced(P<0.05)the mitochondrial function,as demonstrated by decreased(P<0.05)reactive oxygen species level and increased(P<0.05)mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore,tributyrin increased(P<0.05)mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial functions,including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α,mitochondrial transcription factor A,nuclear respiratory factor-1 in the jejunum.Supplementation with tributyrin elevated(P<0.05)the phosphorylation level of AMPK and inhibited(P<0.05)the phosphorylation level of mTOR in jejunum compared with the control group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with tributyrin promotes intestinal mucosa growth,extenuates oxidative stress,improves mitochondrial function and modulates the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway of weaned pigs.展开更多
Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposome...Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposomes by incorporating small amount of nonphospholipids such as Tween 80,herein we sought to investigate whether the incorporation of tributyrin into the liposomal layers may provide additional advantages for liposomes as an anticancer drug carrier.Liposomes were prepared with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as a main phospholipid with or without addition of tributyrin.Celecoxib was loaded in liposomes as a model anticancer drug.Tween 80-incorporated liposomes were also prepared for comparison.Tributyrin-incorporated liposomes were ineffective in enhancing the skin permeation of celecoxib compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.However,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes enhanced the entrapped celecoxib concentration to an extent comparable to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Furthermore,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes exhibited much higher stability compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Finally,the cellular uptake of celecoxib loaded in tributyrin-incorporated liposomes into mouse melanoma cells were more than 10-fold higher compared to that loaded in conventional-and Tween 80-incorporated liposomes.Taken together,the incorporation of tributyrin into conventional liposomes loaded with anticancer drugs may provide an advanced anticancer drug carrier delivering both drug and tributyrin.展开更多
This study aimed to determine whether adding tributyrin to the diet of lambs impacts health, energy metabolism, ruminal environment, and meat quality. Twelve lambs were used;the control group received a basal diet, wh...This study aimed to determine whether adding tributyrin to the diet of lambs impacts health, energy metabolism, ruminal environment, and meat quality. Twelve lambs were used;the control group received a basal diet, while the tributyrin group received a diet with the additive mixed with concentrate (2 g/day/animal). The blood count was used for Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, which were significantly higher in tributyrin-fed animals than in controls. The activity of the enzymes adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase was higher in the liver and intestine of the tributyrin group than the controls;cytosolic creatine kinase activity was significantly higher in the intestine of lambs fed tributyrin. Glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver was significantly higher in animals in the tributyrin group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the intestine, with a lower protein carbonyl concentration in the tributyrin group. Bacterial activity through ruminal fluid collection was significantly lower when tributyrin was consumed, unlike the protozoan count, which was significantly higher in animals in the tributyrin group than in the controls. Tributyrin intake caused lower levels of short-chain fatty acids without changing the proportion of volatile fatty acids. The water retention capacity measured using an external compression method was significantly higher in the meat of the tributyrin group. The treatment affected some fatty acids in the meat, these acids were separated by chromatography where a lower amount of saturated fatty acids and a higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in the group that consumed tributyrin. These findings suggest that tributyrin in lamb diet alters blood and rumen environment biomarkers and improves the fatty acid profile of the meat.展开更多
The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The conten...The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The content of each component of TBNE was optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) to improve the z-average particle size and stability of TBNE. The optimized TBNE was evaluated for its digestion properties by in vitro and in vivo models. The preparation conditions of TBNE optimized by RSM were as follows: 61.3% of sorbitol, 32.7% of tributyrin, and 6.0% of modified phospholipid(MP). The predicted z-average particle size of TBNE was(246.02 ± 18.10) nm. The results of the verification test showed that the z-average particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, emulsification activity index, and emulsification stability index of TBNE were(250.02 ± 7.18) nm,(-40.23 ± 0.76) m V,(31.80 ± 2.09) μS/cm,(848.00 ± 84.53) min and(1.14 ± 0.02) m^(2)/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion experiment results showed that the TBNE remained stable in the stomach and was released in the intestine, while the size of TBNE in the gastrointestinal tact was significantly smaller than that of tributyrin(P < 0.05), which made it easier to be digested and absorbed. Compared with tributyrin treatment, TBNE significantly promoted the average body weight at the 7th day, average daily feed intake,average daily gain, feed/gain, ileum weight, and organ index of ileum of Hy-Line BROWN chicks(P < 0.05), and the butyric acid content in the ileal chyme from TBNE and tributyrin treatment were172.18 mg/m L and 100.85 mg/m L(P < 0.01). Therefore, the established TBNE technology in this study could be supposed to improve the digestion properties of tributyrin.展开更多
Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administ...Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy calves.Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P<0.001)and the whole period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth performance.For blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(IL-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not affected.For intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(P<0.001)and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRL2,P=0.045)and IL-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin administration.In the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to CON.No significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON group.In the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(LDA>3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associated with intestinal barrier genes(claudin-4)and morphological parameters(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing tributyrin in milk replacer could improve intestinal development and health of pre-weaned dairy calves by stimulating SCFA-producing bacteria colonization,enhancing intestinal barrier functions and suppressing inflammatory responses.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lamb...This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5±4.1 kg(mean±SD)were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each,and each group received tributyrin at 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed.Weights were measured before the start and end of the study.After 15 d adaptation,DMI,feed,faeces and urine were recorded every week.Lambs were sacrificed at d 75.Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin,lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain(P=0.04)and DMI(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced nitrogen(P<0.01),Ca(P<0.01)and P(P<0.01)losses derived from faeces and urine.The mostly important,tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness(P<0.01),papillae length(P=0.04)and width(P<0.01),ventral sac papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01),caudodorsal blind sac thickness(P=0.02),papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01).Furthermore,tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum(P<0.01)and ileum(P=0.01),and villus heights of the duodenum(P=0.01),ileum(P<0.01),jejunum(P<0.01)and caecum(P=0.02),but tributyrin decreased duodenal(P<0.01)and caecal crypt depths(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced rumen pH(P<0.01)while promoting total VFA concentration(P<0.01).Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium(P=0.04),Butyrivibrio(P<0.01),Streptococcus(P=0.04),Prevotella(P=0.04),Ruminobacter(P=0.02)and Fibrobacter(P=0.03).In conclusion,tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria,and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.展开更多
选取黑龙江省某奶牛场的25头围产期荷斯坦奶牛,其中5头健康奶牛作为对照组,20头能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)奶牛随机分为NEB对照组、丙二醇(propylene glycol,PG)组(300 mL PG)、三丁酸甘油酯(tributyrin,TB)组(37.5 g TB...选取黑龙江省某奶牛场的25头围产期荷斯坦奶牛,其中5头健康奶牛作为对照组,20头能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)奶牛随机分为NEB对照组、丙二醇(propylene glycol,PG)组(300 mL PG)、三丁酸甘油酯(tributyrin,TB)组(37.5 g TB)以及PG+TB组(300 mL PG+37.5 g TB),每组5头奶牛连续饲喂14 d。在0、7、14、21 d采集血液,用试剂盒检测奶牛血清中的氧化应激、能量代谢以及免疫功能指标。结果显示,与NEB对照组相比,TB组的T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT和SOD含量极显著升高,MDA含量则极显著降低,表明TB能够显著缓解NEB奶牛氧化应激;TB组的BHB、NEFA和BUN含量极显著降低,说明TB有助于调节NEB奶牛的能量代谢紊乱。在免疫功能方面,TB组的IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-21、MIP-1和IP-10的含量极显著降低,IgA、IgM和IgG含量则极显著升高,表明TB在抑制炎症反应和提高免疫功能方面表现出显著效果。此外,与PG组相比,TB组和PG+TB组T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT、SOD、IgA、IgM和IgG含量显著增加,而MDA、BHB、NEFA、BUN、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-21、MIP-1和IP-10的含量显著降低,说明与饲喂传统药物PG相比,单独饲喂TB在缓解奶牛氧化应激、改善能量代谢以及抑制炎症方面效果显著,且混合饲喂PG和TB效果尤为显著。本试验为围产期奶牛NEB引发的氧化应激和免疫功能下降的防治提供了新的理论依据。展开更多
Butyric acid is the main nutrient of intestinal epithelium,but it has an unpleasant odor.In order to increase the content of butyric acid in the intestine,soy hull polysaccharide(SHP)nanomicelle carrier was designed t...Butyric acid is the main nutrient of intestinal epithelium,but it has an unpleasant odor.In order to increase the content of butyric acid in the intestine,soy hull polysaccharide(SHP)nanomicelle carrier was designed to deliver the precursor of butyric acid,tributyrin(TB).The SHP nanomicelles were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,XRD and AFM.And the effects of nanomicelles on the interfacial properties of the digestive system were investigated by simulating the gastrointestinal tract in vitro.The results show that SHP-TB nanomicelles are spherical.The peak value of C=O tensile vibration at 1650 cm^(-1)increased.The inclusion rate reached 30.44%,and the loading rate was 80.51%.The cumulative TB release rate was<20%after 2 h of release in the stomach and was<25%after 4 h of release in the small intestine,and the cumulative release rate in the colon reached>95%.With prolongation of fermentation,the OD_(600) of the fermentation solution significantly increased,the pH and total sugar content significantly decreased,and total sugar utilisation rate>66.04%.The butyric acid content in the fermentation solution significantly increased and the proportion was above 0.4 on average,the average contents of total SCFAs increased from 2.04 mmol/L to 45.79 mmol/L,the interfacial tension decreased and tended to be stable at the late stage of interfacial adsorption.At a 1:0.5 mass ratio,the SHP-TB nanomicelles exhibited the best cell survival rate and colysis process,with no toxicity.Therefore,SHP nanomicelles can target TB delivery as an ideal carrier in the colon,and the intestinal environment is conducive to the degradation of TB into acid,promoting absorption in the body.展开更多
基金supported by Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund(14104923).
文摘Propionate and butyrate are proven capable of decreasing plasma cholesterol.However,their undesired odor and unpleasant smell limit their direct application as a dietary supplement.In contrast,their respective triacylglycerols tributyrin(Tb)and tripropionin(Tp)are odorless and can be directly used as healthy supplements.In view that no study has investigated the relative biological potency of Tb and Tp,the present study was designed to compare the effects of Tp and Tb on plasma cholesterol and gut microbiota using hypercholesterolemic hamsters as a model.Male golden hamsters were randomly allocated to 6 groups fed one of the following 6 diets,namely,low-cholesterol diet(LCD),high-cholesterol diet(HCD),HCD+0.5%Tp(LTp),HCD+1%Tp(HTp),HCD+0.5%Tb(LTb),and HCD+1%Tb(HTb).Results showed that Tb administration at 1%could significantly reduce plasma total cholesterol(TC),non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDLC),and the ratio of non-HDLC to HDLC,whereas Tp supplementation had no effect.Mechanistically,Tb but not Tp could decrease plasma cholesterol by increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids via upregulating gene expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and liver X receptor alpha(LXRα).In addition,Tb supplementation at 1%could increase the gut microbiota diversity,reduce the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and favorably increase the abundance of beneficial microbial genera Bifidobacterium.In conclusion,dietary Tb supplementation was more effective than Tp in mitigating hypercholesterolemia by increasing the excretion of fecal bile acids and favorably modulating gut microbiota.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872387)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Sodium butyrate promotes restoration of intestinal barrier induced by oxidative stress in piglets through AMPK mediated mitophagy)and Zhejiang Provincal Key R&D Project(2019C02051).
文摘Background:The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development,oxidative stress,mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two pigs were divided into two treatments and received either a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 mg/kg tributyrin.Each treatment has six replicates of six pigs.After 14 days,6 pigs from each treatment were selected and the jejunal samples were collected.Results:Results showed that supplemental tributyrin increased(P<0.05)villus height and villus height:crypt depth of weaned pigs.Pigs fed tributyrin had greater(P<0.05)RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios than pigs on the control group.The mRNA levels of sodium glucose transport protein-1 and glucose transporter-2 in the jejunum were upregulated(P<0.05)in pigs fed the tributyrin diet.Dietary tributyrin supplementation lowered(P<0.05)the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)content in jejunum,enhanced(P<0.05)the mitochondrial function,as demonstrated by decreased(P<0.05)reactive oxygen species level and increased(P<0.05)mitochondrial membrane potential.Furthermore,tributyrin increased(P<0.05)mitochondrial DNA content and the mRNA abundance of genes related to mitochondrial functions,including peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α,mitochondrial transcription factor A,nuclear respiratory factor-1 in the jejunum.Supplementation with tributyrin elevated(P<0.05)the phosphorylation level of AMPK and inhibited(P<0.05)the phosphorylation level of mTOR in jejunum compared with the control group.Conclusions:These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with tributyrin promotes intestinal mucosa growth,extenuates oxidative stress,improves mitochondrial function and modulates the AMPK-mTOR signal pathway of weaned pigs.
基金This work was partially supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology(2012R1A1A2042768)by Grant No.A092018 of the Korean Health Technology R&D Project funded by the Ministry for Health,Welfare&Family Affairs,Republic of Korea.
文摘Tributyrin,a triglyceride analog of short chain fatty acid butyrate,can act as a prodrug of an anticancer agent butyrate.In view of other reports that demonstrated the improved characteristics of conventional liposomes by incorporating small amount of nonphospholipids such as Tween 80,herein we sought to investigate whether the incorporation of tributyrin into the liposomal layers may provide additional advantages for liposomes as an anticancer drug carrier.Liposomes were prepared with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as a main phospholipid with or without addition of tributyrin.Celecoxib was loaded in liposomes as a model anticancer drug.Tween 80-incorporated liposomes were also prepared for comparison.Tributyrin-incorporated liposomes were ineffective in enhancing the skin permeation of celecoxib compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.However,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes enhanced the entrapped celecoxib concentration to an extent comparable to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Furthermore,tributyrin-incorporated liposomes exhibited much higher stability compared to Tween 80-incorporated ones.Finally,the cellular uptake of celecoxib loaded in tributyrin-incorporated liposomes into mouse melanoma cells were more than 10-fold higher compared to that loaded in conventional-and Tween 80-incorporated liposomes.Taken together,the incorporation of tributyrin into conventional liposomes loaded with anticancer drugs may provide an advanced anticancer drug carrier delivering both drug and tributyrin.
文摘This study aimed to determine whether adding tributyrin to the diet of lambs impacts health, energy metabolism, ruminal environment, and meat quality. Twelve lambs were used;the control group received a basal diet, while the tributyrin group received a diet with the additive mixed with concentrate (2 g/day/animal). The blood count was used for Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, which were significantly higher in tributyrin-fed animals than in controls. The activity of the enzymes adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase was higher in the liver and intestine of the tributyrin group than the controls;cytosolic creatine kinase activity was significantly higher in the intestine of lambs fed tributyrin. Glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver was significantly higher in animals in the tributyrin group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the intestine, with a lower protein carbonyl concentration in the tributyrin group. Bacterial activity through ruminal fluid collection was significantly lower when tributyrin was consumed, unlike the protozoan count, which was significantly higher in animals in the tributyrin group than in the controls. Tributyrin intake caused lower levels of short-chain fatty acids without changing the proportion of volatile fatty acids. The water retention capacity measured using an external compression method was significantly higher in the meat of the tributyrin group. The treatment affected some fatty acids in the meat, these acids were separated by chromatography where a lower amount of saturated fatty acids and a higher amount of monounsaturated fatty acids in the group that consumed tributyrin. These findings suggest that tributyrin in lamb diet alters blood and rumen environment biomarkers and improves the fatty acid profile of the meat.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1300300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371782)the Foundation of Henan University of Technology(2020BS008)。
文摘The current research aimed to optimize the preparation technology of tributyrin nano-emulsion(TBNE)to improve its digestion properties, which were investigated through digestion models in vitro and in vivo. The content of each component of TBNE was optimized by response surface methodology(RSM) to improve the z-average particle size and stability of TBNE. The optimized TBNE was evaluated for its digestion properties by in vitro and in vivo models. The preparation conditions of TBNE optimized by RSM were as follows: 61.3% of sorbitol, 32.7% of tributyrin, and 6.0% of modified phospholipid(MP). The predicted z-average particle size of TBNE was(246.02 ± 18.10) nm. The results of the verification test showed that the z-average particle size, zeta potential, conductivity, emulsification activity index, and emulsification stability index of TBNE were(250.02 ± 7.18) nm,(-40.23 ± 0.76) m V,(31.80 ± 2.09) μS/cm,(848.00 ± 84.53) min and(1.14 ± 0.02) m^(2)/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion experiment results showed that the TBNE remained stable in the stomach and was released in the intestine, while the size of TBNE in the gastrointestinal tact was significantly smaller than that of tributyrin(P < 0.05), which made it easier to be digested and absorbed. Compared with tributyrin treatment, TBNE significantly promoted the average body weight at the 7th day, average daily feed intake,average daily gain, feed/gain, ileum weight, and organ index of ileum of Hy-Line BROWN chicks(P < 0.05), and the butyric acid content in the ileal chyme from TBNE and tributyrin treatment were172.18 mg/m L and 100.85 mg/m L(P < 0.01). Therefore, the established TBNE technology in this study could be supposed to improve the digestion properties of tributyrin.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2021YFF1000703-03)the Research Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of CAU,China(2021TC116)the grant from Guangdong VTR Biotechnology Co.,Ltd(2017DR05,Guangdong,China).
文摘Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy calves.Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P<0.001)and the whole period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth performance.For blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(IL-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not affected.For intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(P<0.001)and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRL2,P=0.045)and IL-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin administration.In the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to CON.No significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON group.In the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(LDA>3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associated with intestinal barrier genes(claudin-4)and morphological parameters(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing tributyrin in milk replacer could improve intestinal development and health of pre-weaned dairy calves by stimulating SCFA-producing bacteria colonization,enhancing intestinal barrier functions and suppressing inflammatory responses.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Department(project no.2108085MC112)2022 Excellent Young Talent Support Program in colleges and universities of The Working Committee of The CPC Anhui Provincial Committee Education(project no.gxyq2022054)+1 种基金2021 Rural Revitalization Projects of Guzhen County Bureau of Science and Technology(project no.2021GZXCZXKJXM02)talent development program“Young and Middle-aged Subject Leaders Training Object”from personnel department of Anhui Science and Technology University.
文摘This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance,gastrointestinal tract development,ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid(VFA)formation.Thirty healthy weaned SmallTailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5±4.1 kg(mean±SD)were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each,and each group received tributyrin at 0,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed.Weights were measured before the start and end of the study.After 15 d adaptation,DMI,feed,faeces and urine were recorded every week.Lambs were sacrificed at d 75.Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin,lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain(P=0.04)and DMI(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced nitrogen(P<0.01),Ca(P<0.01)and P(P<0.01)losses derived from faeces and urine.The mostly important,tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness(P<0.01),papillae length(P=0.04)and width(P<0.01),ventral sac papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01),caudodorsal blind sac thickness(P=0.02),papillae length(P<0.01)and width(P<0.01).Furthermore,tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum(P<0.01)and ileum(P=0.01),and villus heights of the duodenum(P=0.01),ileum(P<0.01),jejunum(P<0.01)and caecum(P=0.02),but tributyrin decreased duodenal(P<0.01)and caecal crypt depths(P<0.01).Tributyrin reduced rumen pH(P<0.01)while promoting total VFA concentration(P<0.01).Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium(P=0.04),Butyrivibrio(P<0.01),Streptococcus(P=0.04),Prevotella(P=0.04),Ruminobacter(P=0.02)and Fibrobacter(P=0.03).In conclusion,tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria,and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.
文摘选取黑龙江省某奶牛场的25头围产期荷斯坦奶牛,其中5头健康奶牛作为对照组,20头能量负平衡(negative energy balance,NEB)奶牛随机分为NEB对照组、丙二醇(propylene glycol,PG)组(300 mL PG)、三丁酸甘油酯(tributyrin,TB)组(37.5 g TB)以及PG+TB组(300 mL PG+37.5 g TB),每组5头奶牛连续饲喂14 d。在0、7、14、21 d采集血液,用试剂盒检测奶牛血清中的氧化应激、能量代谢以及免疫功能指标。结果显示,与NEB对照组相比,TB组的T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT和SOD含量极显著升高,MDA含量则极显著降低,表明TB能够显著缓解NEB奶牛氧化应激;TB组的BHB、NEFA和BUN含量极显著降低,说明TB有助于调节NEB奶牛的能量代谢紊乱。在免疫功能方面,TB组的IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-21、MIP-1和IP-10的含量极显著降低,IgA、IgM和IgG含量则极显著升高,表明TB在抑制炎症反应和提高免疫功能方面表现出显著效果。此外,与PG组相比,TB组和PG+TB组T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAT、SOD、IgA、IgM和IgG含量显著增加,而MDA、BHB、NEFA、BUN、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-21、MIP-1和IP-10的含量显著降低,说明与饲喂传统药物PG相比,单独饲喂TB在缓解奶牛氧化应激、改善能量代谢以及抑制炎症方面效果显著,且混合饲喂PG和TB效果尤为显著。本试验为围产期奶牛NEB引发的氧化应激和免疫功能下降的防治提供了新的理论依据。
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2023-MS-293)Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(No.JYTQN2023402).
文摘Butyric acid is the main nutrient of intestinal epithelium,but it has an unpleasant odor.In order to increase the content of butyric acid in the intestine,soy hull polysaccharide(SHP)nanomicelle carrier was designed to deliver the precursor of butyric acid,tributyrin(TB).The SHP nanomicelles were characterized by laser particle size analyzer,XRD and AFM.And the effects of nanomicelles on the interfacial properties of the digestive system were investigated by simulating the gastrointestinal tract in vitro.The results show that SHP-TB nanomicelles are spherical.The peak value of C=O tensile vibration at 1650 cm^(-1)increased.The inclusion rate reached 30.44%,and the loading rate was 80.51%.The cumulative TB release rate was<20%after 2 h of release in the stomach and was<25%after 4 h of release in the small intestine,and the cumulative release rate in the colon reached>95%.With prolongation of fermentation,the OD_(600) of the fermentation solution significantly increased,the pH and total sugar content significantly decreased,and total sugar utilisation rate>66.04%.The butyric acid content in the fermentation solution significantly increased and the proportion was above 0.4 on average,the average contents of total SCFAs increased from 2.04 mmol/L to 45.79 mmol/L,the interfacial tension decreased and tended to be stable at the late stage of interfacial adsorption.At a 1:0.5 mass ratio,the SHP-TB nanomicelles exhibited the best cell survival rate and colysis process,with no toxicity.Therefore,SHP nanomicelles can target TB delivery as an ideal carrier in the colon,and the intestinal environment is conducive to the degradation of TB into acid,promoting absorption in the body.
