The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model.Twenty male rats were divided into a control grou...The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model.Twenty male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt supplementation.After 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were analyzed.In addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical analyses.Data were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P<O.05.Spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability showed no difference between the groups.Further,testicular weight and volume,seminiferous tubule diameter,tunica propria surface density,seminiferous epithelium surface density,and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the groups.However,seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with Tt.Treatment with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology,promoting only subtle modifications.No difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.展开更多
Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) is involved in endothelium injury during the development of hypertension. Tribulus terrestris(TT) is used to treat hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and post-stroke syndrome in China. The present ...Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) is involved in endothelium injury during the development of hypertension. Tribulus terrestris(TT) is used to treat hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and post-stroke syndrome in China. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous TT extracts on endothelial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) and its protective effects against Ang Ⅱ induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). SHRs were administered intragastrically with TT(17.2 or 8.6 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) for 6 weeks, using valsartan(13.5 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) as positive control. Blood pressure, heart rate, endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ, endothelin^(-1)(ET^(-1)), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malonaldehyde(MDA) were measured. The endothelial injury of HUVECs was induced by 2 × 10–6 mol·L^(-1) Ang Ⅱ. Cell Apoptosisapoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) was assessed. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eN OS), ET^(-1), SOD, and MDA in the cell culture supernatant and cell migration were assayed. The expression of hypertension-linked genes and proteins were analyzed. TT decreased systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, improved endothelial integrity of thoracic aorta, and decreased serum leptin, Ang Ⅱ, ET^(-1), NPY, and Hcy, while increased NO in SHRs. TT suppressed Ang Ⅱ-induced HUVEC proliferation and apoptosis and prolonged the survival, and increased cell migration. TT regulated the ROS, and decreased mR NA expression of Akt1, JAK2, PI3Kα, Erk2, FAK, and NF-κB p65 and protein expression of Erk2, FAK, and NF-κB p65. In conclusion, TT demonstrated anti-hypertensive and endothelial protective effects by regulating Erk2, FAK and NF-κB p65.展开更多
Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against I l specie...Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against I l species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms： Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tribulus terres- tris saponins （TTS） on behavior and neuroendo- crine of chronic mild stress （CMS） depression rats. METHODS：ThirtymaleSprague-Dawleyratswereran- domly allocate...OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tribulus terres- tris saponins （TTS） on behavior and neuroendo- crine of chronic mild stress （CMS） depression rats. METHODS：ThirtymaleSprague-Dawleyratswereran- domly allocated to six groups： vehicle group, CMS group, CMS ＋ fluoxetine group and CMS ＋ TTS of low-dosage （0.375 g/kg）, medium-dosage （0.75 g/kg） and high-dosage （2.25 g/kg） groups. All rats except the vehicle group singly housed and exposed an unpredicted sequence of mild stressors. The behav- ior of rats was detected by open-field test （OFT） and sucrose preference test （SPT）. The concentra- tion of corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF） and ad- renocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in serum of the rats were detected by radioimmunoassay. The con- centration of cortisol （CORT） in serum was detected by enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS： CMS procedure not only significantly de- creased the scores of crossing, rears and grooming in OFI： and the sucrose preference in SPT （all P〈 0.01）, but also markedly increased serum CRH and CORT levels （both P〈0.05）. Treatment with TTS （0.75 and 2.25 g/kg） could significantly prevent all of these abnormalities induced by CMS （P〈0.05, P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： CMS can affect rat behavior and neuroendocrine and cause depression. TTS has the antagonism on CMS and produce antidepressive ef- fects.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the effects of Tribulus terrestris(TT) extracts on muscle mass, muscle damage, and anaerobic performances of trained male boxers and its mechanisms: roles of plasma androgen, insulin growth fac...Purpose: To investigate the effects of Tribulus terrestris(TT) extracts on muscle mass, muscle damage, and anaerobic performances of trained male boxers and its mechanisms: roles of plasma androgen, insulin growth factor 1(IGF-1), and IGF-1 binding protein-3(IGFBP-3).Methods: Fifteen male boxers were divided into exercise group(E, n = 7) and exercise plus TT group(E + TT, n = 8). The 2 groups both undertook3-week high-intensity and 3-week high-volume trainings separated by a 4-week rest. TT extracts(1250 mg/day) were orally administered by boxers in E + TT group. TT extract compositions were detected by UHPLC–Q-TOF/MS. Before and at the end of the 2 trainings, muscle mass, anaerobic performance, and blood indicators were explored.Results: Compared with E group, decreases of plasma CK(1591.5 ± 909.6 U/L vs. 2719.9 ± 832.5 U/L) and IGFBP-3(3075.5 ± 1072.5 ng/m L vs. 3950.8 ± 479.3 ng/m L) as well as increases of mean power(MP, 459.4 ± 122.3 W vs. 434.6 ± 69.5 W) and MP/body weight(MP/BW, 7.5 ± 0.9 W/kg vs. 7.1 ± 1.1 W/kg) were detected in E + TT group after a high-intensity training. For high-volume training, reduction of IGFBP-3(2946.4 ± 974.1 ng/m L vs. 3632.7 ± 470.1 ng/m L) and increases of MP(508.7 ± 103.2 W vs. 477.8 ± 49.9 W) and MP/BW(8.2 ± 0.3 W/kg vs.7.5 ± 0.9 W/kg) were detected in E + TT group, compared with E group. Muscle mass, blood levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone(DHT),and IGF-1 were not signifiantly changed between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Taking 1250 mg capsules containing TT extracts did not change muscle mass and plasma levels of testosterone, DHT, and IGF-1 but significantly alleviated muscle damage and promoted anaerobic performance of trained male boxers, which may be related to the decrease of plasma IGFBP-3 rather than androgen in plasma.展开更多
Objective:The present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris.It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antigly...Objective:The present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris.It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction before and after microcapsule release.Methods:Antiglycation activity was determined by relative electrophoretic mobility(REM),free amino groups and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product(AGE)formation.Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),nitric oxide(NO)and thiobarbituric acid reactive species(TBARS)tests.Microcapsules were prepared using maltodextrin as wall material and freeze-drying as encapsulation technique.Morphological characterization of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy,and encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule release were determined by total saponins released.Antiglycation and antioxidant assays were performed using crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T.terrestris before and after release.Results:Saponin fraction showed an increase of 32.8%total saponins.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of saponins in the obtained fraction.Antiglycation evaluation by REM demonstrated that samples before and after release presented antiglycation activity similar to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine.Additionally,samples inhibited AGE formation,highlighting treatment with saponin fraction after release(89.89%).Antioxidant tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of the samples.Crude dry extract before encapsulation presented the highest activities in DPPH(92.00%)and TBARS(32.49%)assays.Saponin fraction before encapsulation in FRAP test(499μmol Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample)and NO test(15.13μmol nitrite formed per gram of extract)presented the highest activities.Conclusion:This study presented antiglycation activity of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T.terrestris,besides it demonstrated promising antioxidant properties.It also showed that the encapsulation method was efficient and maintained biological activity of bioactive compounds after microcapsule release.These results provide information for further studies on antidiabetic and antiaging potential,and data for new herbal medicine and food supplement formulations containing microcapsules with crude extract and/or saponin fraction of T.terrestris.展开更多
An aqueous acidic polysaccharide, named rhamnogalacturonan (designated as TTP-D2) was isolated from Tribulus terrestris L by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of TTP-D2 wa...An aqueous acidic polysaccharide, named rhamnogalacturonan (designated as TTP-D2) was isolated from Tribulus terrestris L by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of TTP-D2 was estimated to be 26 KDa by gel filtration. TTP-D2 is composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, fucose, mannose, xylose and glucose in a ratio of 71.4 : 13.5 : 5.6 : 4.9 : 3.1 : 1.9 : 1.9 : 1.0. The main chain structure of TTP-D2 was elucidated as an acidic hetero-polysaccharide with the connection of a-(1-4) galacturonic acid with a-(1-3) rhamnose by GC analysis of partially hydrolyzed products and the determination of 1H, 13C-NMR spectra.展开更多
Terresoxazine, a novel benzoxazine derivative was isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Its structure was determined as 7-hydroxy-3, 3a-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[1,2-a] [3,1] -benzoxazin-1(2H)-one, on the basis o...Terresoxazine, a novel benzoxazine derivative was isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Its structure was determined as 7-hydroxy-3, 3a-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[1,2-a] [3,1] -benzoxazin-1(2H)-one, on the basis of the spectral techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis.展开更多
Two new furostanol glucosides, named tribufurosides G and H, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. The structures of the two new furostanol glucosides were elucidated as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25R）-5α-furost...Two new furostanol glucosides, named tribufurosides G and H, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. The structures of the two new furostanol glucosides were elucidated as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25R）-5α-furost12-one-3β,22α,26-tetraol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1→2 ）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1→4 ）-β-D-galactopyranoside（ 1 ） and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25S）-5 α- 12-one-2 α,3,8,22 α,26-tetraol-3 -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1 → 2 ）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（2） by 1 D, 2D NMR techniques, ESI-MS analysis as well as chemical methods.展开更多
Objective: To examine the effects of Tribulus terrestris L.(T. terrestris) extract on the modulation of calcium channels to evaluate its use in topical agents for treatment of atopic dermatitis.Methods: The 70% methan...Objective: To examine the effects of Tribulus terrestris L.(T. terrestris) extract on the modulation of calcium channels to evaluate its use in topical agents for treatment of atopic dermatitis.Methods: The 70% methanol extract of T. terrestris was prepared. Human HEK293 T cells with over-expressed calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1(Orai1),transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, or transient receptor potential vanilloid 3(TRPV3)were treated with T. terrestris extract. Modulation of ion channels was measured using a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results: T. terrestris extract(100 mg/m L) significantly inhibited Orai1 activity in Orai1-stromal interaction molecule 1 co-overexpressed HEK293 T cells. In addition, T. terrestris extract significantly increased the TRPV3 activity compared with 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate(100 mmol/L), which induces the full activation of TRPV3.Conclusions: Our results suggest that T. terrestris extract may have a therapeutic potential for recovery of abnormal skin barrier pathologies in atopic dermatitis through modulating the activities of calcium ion channels, Orai1 and TRPV3. This is the first study to report the modulatory effect of a medicinal plant on the function of ion channels in skin barrier.展开更多
Two new furostanol glycoside,26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-furost-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-β-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-fu...Two new furostanol glycoside,26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-furost-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-β-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-en-2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(2) were isolated fromthe fruits of Tribulus terrestris L.The structures of two new furostanol saponins were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.展开更多
Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural compound made of Ecklonia bicyclis Seaweed, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, in the male sexual asthenia with mild or mild-moderate...Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural compound made of Ecklonia bicyclis Seaweed, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, in the male sexual asthenia with mild or mild-moderate erectile dysfunction and serum testosterone levels between 280 and 350 ng/dl. Materials and Methods: 84 male patients affected by reduced libido and serum testosterone levels at the lower limit of normal, were recruited. We have separated patients in three different age groups: group A (18 - 45 years), group B (45 - 59 years), group C (>60 years). All subjects answered the International index of erectile function questionnaire (IIEF-5) and underwent determination of serum total testosterone before and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Before treatment, the group A showed mean (± standard deviation) total testosterone 321.9 ± 19.2 ng/dl and mean IIEF-5 18.6 ± 1.97, in the group B it was 318.5 ± 18.1 ng/dl and 16.3 ± 2.66, and finally in the group C it was 305.4 ± 13.1 ng/dl and 14.2 ± 1.95 respectively. After treatment mean total testosterone and mean IIEF-5 were respectively: group A (448 ± 111.46 ng/dl and 21.84 ± 3.41);group B (453.8 ± 105.23 ng/dl and 20.4 ± 3.81);group C (385.8 ± 87.29 ng/dl and 16.7 ± 3.84). Conclusions: The treatment with Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide might represent a safe and effective option on the improvement of libido and erectile function in man with testosterone level at the lower limit of normal.展开更多
Several diagnostic techniques have been proposed during the time for the diagnostic evaluation of Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP), due to poor sensitivity and specificity of standard B-Mode Ultrasonography. Shear-Wave ...Several diagnostic techniques have been proposed during the time for the diagnostic evaluation of Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP), due to poor sensitivity and specificity of standard B-Mode Ultrasonography. Shear-Wave elastosonography (SWE) is a relative new ultrasound technique, already used for several organs, which allows evaluating the rigidity of the tissues. Furthermore, we used a compound consisting of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) with antifibrotic and antioxidant properties and analyzed the elastosonographic variations following the assumption of the compound. From March 2016 to April 2017, 40 patients were recruited with a mean age of 62. All patients underwent elastosonographic measurements at the start of treatment. Subsequently each patient took 1 tablet of the compound of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) for 6 months. All patients underwent elastosonographic investigation at the end of treatment. The elastosonographic measurement prior treatment, showed that the average of the three measurements (proximal, medial and distal), was 37.05 KPa ± 7.76 SD and 38.8 KPa ± 10.11 SD for the left and right cavernous body, respectively. The examination at the end of the six months of treatment, with the compound showed that the average values of fibrosity were 31.07 KPa ± 7.5 SD and 30.86 KPa ± 11.4 SD for the left and right cavernous body respectively, demonstrating a decrease in fibrosity that was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that taking the compound for six months reduces the stiffness of the corpora cavernosa.展开更多
Objective:Tribulus terrestris L.(T.terrestris)is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke,inflammation,pulmonary fibrosis,liver cancer,and urolithiasis.To identify the basic substance respon...Objective:Tribulus terrestris L.(T.terrestris)is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke,inflammation,pulmonary fibrosis,liver cancer,and urolithiasis.To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST(total saponins of Tribulus),its chemical composition was systematically studied,and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined.Methods:To separate chemical constituents from T.terrestris by column chromatography.Spectroscopic methods,including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)techniques,were used to elucidate the isolated compounds.The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro.Results:Fifteen steroidal saponins,including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,and 15)and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins(9,10,11,12,13,and 14),were isolated from T.terrestris.TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides.Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-a expression.Compounds 6,10,12,13,and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression.Conclusions:Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin,named 26-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5afurostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3b,26-diol-3-O-{b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-b-D-galactopyranoside}.Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time,and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus.TST and compounds 6,10,12,13,and 15 exerts antiinflammatory activity.展开更多
Objective:To develop HPTLC fingerprint profile of anti-inflammatory active extract fractions of Tribulus terrestris(family Zygophyllaceae).Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity was tested for the methanol and its fra...Objective:To develop HPTLC fingerprint profile of anti-inflammatory active extract fractions of Tribulus terrestris(family Zygophyllaceae).Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity was tested for the methanol and its fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)and chloroform extract of Tribulus terrestris(aerial parts)by injecting different groups of rats(6 each)with carrageenan in hind paw and measuring the edema volume before and 1,2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection.Control group received saline i.p.The extracts treatment was injected i.p.in doses of 200 mg/kg 1 h before carrageenan administration.Indomethacin(30 mg/kg)was used as standard.HPTLC studies were carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat IV applicator.TLC scanner 3.Reprostar 3,CAMAG ADC 2 and WIN CATS-4 software for the active fractions of chloroform fraction of methanol extract.Results:The methanol extract showed good antiedematous effect with percentage of inhibition more than 72%,indicating its ability to inhibit the inflammatory mediators.The methanol extract was re-dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and fractionated with chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol.The four fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)were subjected to anti-inflammatory activity.Chloroform fraction showed good anti-inflammatory activity at dose of 200 mg/kg.Chloroform fraction was then subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography and eluted with petroleum ether-chloroform,chloroform-ethyl acetate mixtures of increasing polarity which produced 15 fractions(F1-F15).Only fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 were found to be active,hence these were analyzed with HPTLC to develop their finger print profile.These fractions showed different spots with different R_f values.Conclusions:The different chloroform fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 revealed 4,7,7,8,9,7,7 and 6 major spots,respectively.The results obtained in this experiment strongly support and validate the traditional uses of this Sudanese medicinal plant.展开更多
Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol sa...Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol saponins were isolated and idendified as JA―JI（named transitorily） by means of NMR spectrometry.After bio-activity screening on them,we defined that monomers tigogenin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→3）]-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JB） and hecogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JG） have cytoprotective bio-activity.Compound JB display effective dose in 10-8 and 10-9 mol/L,and JG in 10-6―10-9 mol/L.Survival rate,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and apoptosis also show that JB（at dose 10-8,10-9 and 10-10 mol/L） can protect myocardial injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R）.While morphology change also shows JG has cytoprotective bio-activity.展开更多
To promote the recovery of saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.,the water dissolution and ethanol precipitation method was adopted to extract saponins from the powder prepared from T.terrestris fruit.The optimal proce...To promote the recovery of saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.,the water dissolution and ethanol precipitation method was adopted to extract saponins from the powder prepared from T.terrestris fruit.The optimal process was to extract with 9 fold of the extracting water at the ethanol concentration of 85 for 3 times,each time 3.5 h.The effects of the factors ranked as the extracting water quantity > treatment time > treatment times > ethanol concentration.Under these optimal conditions,the recovery of saponins was 2.81%.After these crude saponins were purified by D101 macroporous adsorptive resin,the purity was found to be promoted through the UV scanning method,and the recovery of the refined saponins was up to 1.53%.Both of the recovery values were higher than that of the existing process.展开更多
Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-...Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were divided into normal control and experimental groups(Tribulus terrestris saponin 250μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 200μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 150μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 100μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 50μg/mL group).The proliferation viability of the cells in each group was detected by CCK8,the invasion of tumor cells was detected by Transwell model.The mRNA expression of MMP9 and caspase-3 in each group of cells was detected by RT-PCR.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in each group of cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group,tribulus terrestris saponin significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and invasion ability of A549 cells,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).In the invasion assay,compared with the control group,MMP9 expression was significantly reduced and caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the tribulus terrestris saponin group,and both were concentration-dependent,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).By cellular immunofluorescence staining experiments,it was found that the fluorescence expression of caspase-3 was enhanced in the experimental group compared with the normal control group,in which the high concentration saponin group was significantly higher than the low concentration group.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestris saponin can inhibit the invasive ability of A549 cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP9,and induce irreversible apoptosis by up-regulating the activation of caspase-3 expression to form caspase-3.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of the herbal compounds Tribulus terrestris(TT),Avena sativa(AS),white ginseng(WG),and a triple combination(TC)powder on the serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein choleste...This study investigated the effects of the herbal compounds Tribulus terrestris(TT),Avena sativa(AS),white ginseng(WG),and a triple combination(TC)powder on the serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglyceride,and the tibial bone mineral density(BMD)levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.This study comprised Group I(normal pellet feed),Group II(pellet feed with 2%cholesterol),Group III(2%cholesterol plus 15%TT),Group IV(2%cholesterol plus 7.5%AS),Group V(2%cholesterol plus 5%WG)and Group VI(2%cholesterol plus 7.5 TT%+3.75%AS,2.5%WG).The serum total cholesterol,LDL-C,HDL-C,triglyceride,and tibial BMD(g/cm2)levels were measured.Significant decrease in the serum HDL-C levels in Group II than Group I,and significant increase in the serum LDL-C levels in Group II than Groups I and VI were determined.The tibial BMD levels were significantly lower in Groups II and IV than Group I.It was determined that WG and TC significantly prevented the serum total cholesterol increase;TC significantly prevented the serum LDL-C increase;and TT,WG,and TC were non-significantly effective in the improvement of tibial BMD levels.展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the Foundation for Research Support of Rio de Janeiro(FAPERJ,grant No.E26/201.098/2022)the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,grant No.302808/2022-1).
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model.Twenty male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt supplementation.After 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were analyzed.In addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical analyses.Data were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P<O.05.Spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability showed no difference between the groups.Further,testicular weight and volume,seminiferous tubule diameter,tunica propria surface density,seminiferous epithelium surface density,and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the groups.However,seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with Tt.Treatment with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology,promoting only subtle modifications.No difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.
基金supported by Shandong Province‘Taishan Scholar’Construction Project Funds(No.2012-55)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573916)
文摘Angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) is involved in endothelium injury during the development of hypertension. Tribulus terrestris(TT) is used to treat hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and post-stroke syndrome in China. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aqueous TT extracts on endothelial injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) and its protective effects against Ang Ⅱ induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). SHRs were administered intragastrically with TT(17.2 or 8.6 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) for 6 weeks, using valsartan(13.5 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) as positive control. Blood pressure, heart rate, endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ, endothelin^(-1)(ET^(-1)), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malonaldehyde(MDA) were measured. The endothelial injury of HUVECs was induced by 2 × 10–6 mol·L^(-1) Ang Ⅱ. Cell Apoptosisapoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) was assessed. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eN OS), ET^(-1), SOD, and MDA in the cell culture supernatant and cell migration were assayed. The expression of hypertension-linked genes and proteins were analyzed. TT decreased systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate, improved endothelial integrity of thoracic aorta, and decreased serum leptin, Ang Ⅱ, ET^(-1), NPY, and Hcy, while increased NO in SHRs. TT suppressed Ang Ⅱ-induced HUVEC proliferation and apoptosis and prolonged the survival, and increased cell migration. TT regulated the ROS, and decreased mR NA expression of Akt1, JAK2, PI3Kα, Erk2, FAK, and NF-κB p65 and protein expression of Erk2, FAK, and NF-κB p65. In conclusion, TT demonstrated anti-hypertensive and endothelial protective effects by regulating Erk2, FAK and NF-κB p65.
文摘Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against I l species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms： Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.
基金Supprted by Research Projects of Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province,China (No. 2008013)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of tribulus terres- tris saponins （TTS） on behavior and neuroendo- crine of chronic mild stress （CMS） depression rats. METHODS：ThirtymaleSprague-Dawleyratswereran- domly allocated to six groups： vehicle group, CMS group, CMS ＋ fluoxetine group and CMS ＋ TTS of low-dosage （0.375 g/kg）, medium-dosage （0.75 g/kg） and high-dosage （2.25 g/kg） groups. All rats except the vehicle group singly housed and exposed an unpredicted sequence of mild stressors. The behav- ior of rats was detected by open-field test （OFT） and sucrose preference test （SPT）. The concentra- tion of corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF） and ad- renocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in serum of the rats were detected by radioimmunoassay. The con- centration of cortisol （CORT） in serum was detected by enzyme immunoassay.RESULTS： CMS procedure not only significantly de- creased the scores of crossing, rears and grooming in OFI： and the sucrose preference in SPT （all P〈 0.01）, but also markedly increased serum CRH and CORT levels （both P〈0.05）. Treatment with TTS （0.75 and 2.25 g/kg） could significantly prevent all of these abnormalities induced by CMS （P〈0.05, P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： CMS can affect rat behavior and neuroendocrine and cause depression. TTS has the antagonism on CMS and produce antidepressive ef- fects.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31271274)the Graduate Education Innovation Projects (No. yjscx2014035)
文摘Purpose: To investigate the effects of Tribulus terrestris(TT) extracts on muscle mass, muscle damage, and anaerobic performances of trained male boxers and its mechanisms: roles of plasma androgen, insulin growth factor 1(IGF-1), and IGF-1 binding protein-3(IGFBP-3).Methods: Fifteen male boxers were divided into exercise group(E, n = 7) and exercise plus TT group(E + TT, n = 8). The 2 groups both undertook3-week high-intensity and 3-week high-volume trainings separated by a 4-week rest. TT extracts(1250 mg/day) were orally administered by boxers in E + TT group. TT extract compositions were detected by UHPLC–Q-TOF/MS. Before and at the end of the 2 trainings, muscle mass, anaerobic performance, and blood indicators were explored.Results: Compared with E group, decreases of plasma CK(1591.5 ± 909.6 U/L vs. 2719.9 ± 832.5 U/L) and IGFBP-3(3075.5 ± 1072.5 ng/m L vs. 3950.8 ± 479.3 ng/m L) as well as increases of mean power(MP, 459.4 ± 122.3 W vs. 434.6 ± 69.5 W) and MP/body weight(MP/BW, 7.5 ± 0.9 W/kg vs. 7.1 ± 1.1 W/kg) were detected in E + TT group after a high-intensity training. For high-volume training, reduction of IGFBP-3(2946.4 ± 974.1 ng/m L vs. 3632.7 ± 470.1 ng/m L) and increases of MP(508.7 ± 103.2 W vs. 477.8 ± 49.9 W) and MP/BW(8.2 ± 0.3 W/kg vs.7.5 ± 0.9 W/kg) were detected in E + TT group, compared with E group. Muscle mass, blood levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone(DHT),and IGF-1 were not signifiantly changed between the 2 groups.Conclusion: Taking 1250 mg capsules containing TT extracts did not change muscle mass and plasma levels of testosterone, DHT, and IGF-1 but significantly alleviated muscle damage and promoted anaerobic performance of trained male boxers, which may be related to the decrease of plasma IGFBP-3 rather than androgen in plasma.
基金supported by the Sao Paulo Research Foundation Grant(FAPESP No.2015/17893-3)。
文摘Objective:The present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris.It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction before and after microcapsule release.Methods:Antiglycation activity was determined by relative electrophoretic mobility(REM),free amino groups and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product(AGE)formation.Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP),nitric oxide(NO)and thiobarbituric acid reactive species(TBARS)tests.Microcapsules were prepared using maltodextrin as wall material and freeze-drying as encapsulation technique.Morphological characterization of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy,and encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule release were determined by total saponins released.Antiglycation and antioxidant assays were performed using crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T.terrestris before and after release.Results:Saponin fraction showed an increase of 32.8%total saponins.High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of saponins in the obtained fraction.Antiglycation evaluation by REM demonstrated that samples before and after release presented antiglycation activity similar to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine.Additionally,samples inhibited AGE formation,highlighting treatment with saponin fraction after release(89.89%).Antioxidant tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of the samples.Crude dry extract before encapsulation presented the highest activities in DPPH(92.00%)and TBARS(32.49%)assays.Saponin fraction before encapsulation in FRAP test(499μmol Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample)and NO test(15.13μmol nitrite formed per gram of extract)presented the highest activities.Conclusion:This study presented antiglycation activity of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T.terrestris,besides it demonstrated promising antioxidant properties.It also showed that the encapsulation method was efficient and maintained biological activity of bioactive compounds after microcapsule release.These results provide information for further studies on antidiabetic and antiaging potential,and data for new herbal medicine and food supplement formulations containing microcapsules with crude extract and/or saponin fraction of T.terrestris.
文摘An aqueous acidic polysaccharide, named rhamnogalacturonan (designated as TTP-D2) was isolated from Tribulus terrestris L by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration. The molecular mass of TTP-D2 was estimated to be 26 KDa by gel filtration. TTP-D2 is composed of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, fucose, mannose, xylose and glucose in a ratio of 71.4 : 13.5 : 5.6 : 4.9 : 3.1 : 1.9 : 1.9 : 1.0. The main chain structure of TTP-D2 was elucidated as an acidic hetero-polysaccharide with the connection of a-(1-4) galacturonic acid with a-(1-3) rhamnose by GC analysis of partially hydrolyzed products and the determination of 1H, 13C-NMR spectra.
文摘Terresoxazine, a novel benzoxazine derivative was isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Its structure was determined as 7-hydroxy-3, 3a-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo-[1,2-a] [3,1] -benzoxazin-1(2H)-one, on the basis of the spectral techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30873357)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(No.NCET-08-0746)
文摘Two new furostanol glucosides, named tribufurosides G and H, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris L. The structures of the two new furostanol glucosides were elucidated as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25R）-5α-furost12-one-3β,22α,26-tetraol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1→2 ）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1→4 ）-β-D-galactopyranoside（ 1 ） and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（25S）-5 α- 12-one-2 α,3,8,22 α,26-tetraol-3 -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（ 1 → 2 ）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（2） by 1 D, 2D NMR techniques, ESI-MS analysis as well as chemical methods.
基金Supported by the Convergence of Conventional Medicine and Traditional Koran Medicine R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare through the Korean Health Industry Development Institute(Grant No.HI15C0256)
文摘Objective: To examine the effects of Tribulus terrestris L.(T. terrestris) extract on the modulation of calcium channels to evaluate its use in topical agents for treatment of atopic dermatitis.Methods: The 70% methanol extract of T. terrestris was prepared. Human HEK293 T cells with over-expressed calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1(Orai1),transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, or transient receptor potential vanilloid 3(TRPV3)were treated with T. terrestris extract. Modulation of ion channels was measured using a conventional whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results: T. terrestris extract(100 mg/m L) significantly inhibited Orai1 activity in Orai1-stromal interaction molecule 1 co-overexpressed HEK293 T cells. In addition, T. terrestris extract significantly increased the TRPV3 activity compared with 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate(100 mmol/L), which induces the full activation of TRPV3.Conclusions: Our results suggest that T. terrestris extract may have a therapeutic potential for recovery of abnormal skin barrier pathologies in atopic dermatitis through modulating the activities of calcium ion channels, Orai1 and TRPV3. This is the first study to report the modulatory effect of a medicinal plant on the function of ion channels in skin barrier.
基金the New Century Excellent Talents in University((No.NCET-08-0746)Cooperation Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30873357)
文摘Two new furostanol glycoside,26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-furost-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-β-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside(1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-furost-20(22)-en-2α,3β,26-triol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(2) were isolated fromthe fruits of Tribulus terrestris L.The structures of two new furostanol saponins were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
文摘Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of a natural compound made of Ecklonia bicyclis Seaweed, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, in the male sexual asthenia with mild or mild-moderate erectile dysfunction and serum testosterone levels between 280 and 350 ng/dl. Materials and Methods: 84 male patients affected by reduced libido and serum testosterone levels at the lower limit of normal, were recruited. We have separated patients in three different age groups: group A (18 - 45 years), group B (45 - 59 years), group C (>60 years). All subjects answered the International index of erectile function questionnaire (IIEF-5) and underwent determination of serum total testosterone before and after 30 days of treatment. Results: Before treatment, the group A showed mean (± standard deviation) total testosterone 321.9 ± 19.2 ng/dl and mean IIEF-5 18.6 ± 1.97, in the group B it was 318.5 ± 18.1 ng/dl and 16.3 ± 2.66, and finally in the group C it was 305.4 ± 13.1 ng/dl and 14.2 ± 1.95 respectively. After treatment mean total testosterone and mean IIEF-5 were respectively: group A (448 ± 111.46 ng/dl and 21.84 ± 3.41);group B (453.8 ± 105.23 ng/dl and 20.4 ± 3.81);group C (385.8 ± 87.29 ng/dl and 16.7 ± 3.84). Conclusions: The treatment with Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris and water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide might represent a safe and effective option on the improvement of libido and erectile function in man with testosterone level at the lower limit of normal.
文摘Several diagnostic techniques have been proposed during the time for the diagnostic evaluation of Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP), due to poor sensitivity and specificity of standard B-Mode Ultrasonography. Shear-Wave elastosonography (SWE) is a relative new ultrasound technique, already used for several organs, which allows evaluating the rigidity of the tissues. Furthermore, we used a compound consisting of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) with antifibrotic and antioxidant properties and analyzed the elastosonographic variations following the assumption of the compound. From March 2016 to April 2017, 40 patients were recruited with a mean age of 62. All patients underwent elastosonographic measurements at the start of treatment. Subsequently each patient took 1 tablet of the compound of Ecklonia bicyclis, Tribulus terrestris, and Biovis (water-soluble Chitosan) for 6 months. All patients underwent elastosonographic investigation at the end of treatment. The elastosonographic measurement prior treatment, showed that the average of the three measurements (proximal, medial and distal), was 37.05 KPa ± 7.76 SD and 38.8 KPa ± 10.11 SD for the left and right cavernous body, respectively. The examination at the end of the six months of treatment, with the compound showed that the average values of fibrosity were 31.07 KPa ± 7.5 SD and 30.86 KPa ± 11.4 SD for the left and right cavernous body respectively, demonstrating a decrease in fibrosity that was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that taking the compound for six months reduces the stiffness of the corpora cavernosa.
基金the Tianjin Research Program of Application Foundation and Advanced Technology(Grant No.19JCYBJC28500)National Science and Technology Major Projects for New Drug Development of China(Grant No.2011ZX09201-201-33)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81973792).
文摘Objective:Tribulus terrestris L.(T.terrestris)is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke,inflammation,pulmonary fibrosis,liver cancer,and urolithiasis.To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST(total saponins of Tribulus),its chemical composition was systematically studied,and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined.Methods:To separate chemical constituents from T.terrestris by column chromatography.Spectroscopic methods,including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)and mass spectrometry(MS)techniques,were used to elucidate the isolated compounds.The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro.Results:Fifteen steroidal saponins,including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,and 15)and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins(9,10,11,12,13,and 14),were isolated from T.terrestris.TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides.Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-a expression.Compounds 6,10,12,13,and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression.Conclusions:Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin,named 26-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5afurostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3b,26-diol-3-O-{b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-b-D-galactopyranoside}.Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time,and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus.TST and compounds 6,10,12,13,and 15 exerts antiinflammatory activity.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Research in King Saud University(Grant No.RGP-VPP-150)
文摘Objective:To develop HPTLC fingerprint profile of anti-inflammatory active extract fractions of Tribulus terrestris(family Zygophyllaceae).Methods:The anti-inflammatory activity was tested for the methanol and its fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)and chloroform extract of Tribulus terrestris(aerial parts)by injecting different groups of rats(6 each)with carrageenan in hind paw and measuring the edema volume before and 1,2 and 3 h after carrageenan injection.Control group received saline i.p.The extracts treatment was injected i.p.in doses of 200 mg/kg 1 h before carrageenan administration.Indomethacin(30 mg/kg)was used as standard.HPTLC studies were carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat IV applicator.TLC scanner 3.Reprostar 3,CAMAG ADC 2 and WIN CATS-4 software for the active fractions of chloroform fraction of methanol extract.Results:The methanol extract showed good antiedematous effect with percentage of inhibition more than 72%,indicating its ability to inhibit the inflammatory mediators.The methanol extract was re-dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water and fractionated with chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol.The four fractions(chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and aqueous)were subjected to anti-inflammatory activity.Chloroform fraction showed good anti-inflammatory activity at dose of 200 mg/kg.Chloroform fraction was then subjected to normal phase silica gel column chromatography and eluted with petroleum ether-chloroform,chloroform-ethyl acetate mixtures of increasing polarity which produced 15 fractions(F1-F15).Only fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 were found to be active,hence these were analyzed with HPTLC to develop their finger print profile.These fractions showed different spots with different R_f values.Conclusions:The different chloroform fractions F1,F2,F4,F5,F7,F9,F11 and F14 revealed 4,7,7,8,9,7,7 and 6 major spots,respectively.The results obtained in this experiment strongly support and validate the traditional uses of this Sudanese medicinal plant.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30472020 and 30672654)
文摘Gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris（GSTT） have exact effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.But as a mixture,the specific efficient component of GSTT is still unknown.Nine monomers of spirostanol saponins were isolated and idendified as JA―JI（named transitorily） by means of NMR spectrometry.After bio-activity screening on them,we defined that monomers tigogenin 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→2）-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1→3）]-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1→2）]-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JB） and hecogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl（1→4）-β-D-galactopyranoside（compound JG） have cytoprotective bio-activity.Compound JB display effective dose in 10-8 and 10-9 mol/L,and JG in 10-6―10-9 mol/L.Survival rate,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） and apoptosis also show that JB（at dose 10-8,10-9 and 10-10 mol/L） can protect myocardial injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation（H/R）.While morphology change also shows JG has cytoprotective bio-activity.
基金Supported by Open Fund for Innovation Platform of Universities in Hunan Province(15K066,16K047)
文摘To promote the recovery of saponins from Tribulus terrestris L.,the water dissolution and ethanol precipitation method was adopted to extract saponins from the powder prepared from T.terrestris fruit.The optimal process was to extract with 9 fold of the extracting water at the ethanol concentration of 85 for 3 times,each time 3.5 h.The effects of the factors ranked as the extracting water quantity > treatment time > treatment times > ethanol concentration.Under these optimal conditions,the recovery of saponins was 2.81%.After these crude saponins were purified by D101 macroporous adsorptive resin,the purity was found to be promoted through the UV scanning method,and the recovery of the refined saponins was up to 1.53%.Both of the recovery values were higher than that of the existing process.
基金National Key R&D Plan(2022YFC2305004)Hainan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project(No.ZDKJ2021036)+3 种基金Key R&D projects in Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2020223)Hainan Province Key R&D Plan International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(GHYF2022011)Hainan Provincial Innovation Team Project(No.820CXTD448)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260001,82160012)。
文摘Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were divided into normal control and experimental groups(Tribulus terrestris saponin 250μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 200μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 150μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 100μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 50μg/mL group).The proliferation viability of the cells in each group was detected by CCK8,the invasion of tumor cells was detected by Transwell model.The mRNA expression of MMP9 and caspase-3 in each group of cells was detected by RT-PCR.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in each group of cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group,tribulus terrestris saponin significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and invasion ability of A549 cells,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).In the invasion assay,compared with the control group,MMP9 expression was significantly reduced and caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the tribulus terrestris saponin group,and both were concentration-dependent,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).By cellular immunofluorescence staining experiments,it was found that the fluorescence expression of caspase-3 was enhanced in the experimental group compared with the normal control group,in which the high concentration saponin group was significantly higher than the low concentration group.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestris saponin can inhibit the invasive ability of A549 cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP9,and induce irreversible apoptosis by up-regulating the activation of caspase-3 expression to form caspase-3.
文摘This study investigated the effects of the herbal compounds Tribulus terrestris(TT),Avena sativa(AS),white ginseng(WG),and a triple combination(TC)powder on the serum total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),triglyceride,and the tibial bone mineral density(BMD)levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.This study comprised Group I(normal pellet feed),Group II(pellet feed with 2%cholesterol),Group III(2%cholesterol plus 15%TT),Group IV(2%cholesterol plus 7.5%AS),Group V(2%cholesterol plus 5%WG)and Group VI(2%cholesterol plus 7.5 TT%+3.75%AS,2.5%WG).The serum total cholesterol,LDL-C,HDL-C,triglyceride,and tibial BMD(g/cm2)levels were measured.Significant decrease in the serum HDL-C levels in Group II than Group I,and significant increase in the serum LDL-C levels in Group II than Groups I and VI were determined.The tibial BMD levels were significantly lower in Groups II and IV than Group I.It was determined that WG and TC significantly prevented the serum total cholesterol increase;TC significantly prevented the serum LDL-C increase;and TT,WG,and TC were non-significantly effective in the improvement of tibial BMD levels.
