The possibility of developing a complete graph invariant computable in polynomial time remains an open question. Consequently, creating efficient algorithms to verify non-isomorphism, including heuristic approaches, i...The possibility of developing a complete graph invariant computable in polynomial time remains an open question. Consequently, creating efficient algorithms to verify non-isomorphism, including heuristic approaches, is essential. Effective implementation of these heuristics necessitates both the adaptation of existing graph invariants and the invention of novel ones, which continues to be a relevant challenge. Numerous current invariants are capable of distinguishing a significant number of graphs rapidly in real-time scenarios. In this study, we present an invariant tailored for tournaments, a specific class of directed graphs. Tournaments are particularly intriguing because the count of distinct tournaments for a given number of vertices aligns with that of undirected graphs of the same size. The introduced invariant evaluates all possible tournament subsets derived from the original digraph that share the identical arc set. For each subset tournament, standard rankings are computed and aggregated to produce the final vertex scores, which serve as the new invariant. Our analysis indicates that this newly proposed invariant diverges from the most straightforward tournament invariant, which typically assigns scores to each participant. Preliminary computational tests demonstrate that the minimal correlation between the sequences generated by these two invariants occurs at a vertex count of 15.展开更多
Background:Recent years have witnessed the rapid rise of TikTok,a short-video social platform,which has sparked concerns about its potential for misuse and addiction.TikTok addiction has been associated with various p...Background:Recent years have witnessed the rapid rise of TikTok,a short-video social platform,which has sparked concerns about its potential for misuse and addiction.TikTok addiction has been associated with various psychological and social issues.This study aims to explore the mediating role of social ostracism in the relationship between the Dark Triad(Machiavellianism,Psychopathy,and Narcissism)and TikTok addiction.Methods:Data were collected from 425 Chinese college students through convenience sampling,using three validated scales:the Dirty Dozen,the Social Ostracism Scale,and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale.Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)with AMOS 24 revealed significant patterns.Results:Narcissism had direct positive effects on both social ostracism(β0.115,p 0.01)and TikTok addiction(β0.223,p 0.05),while Psychopathy only had a direct positive effect=<=<on social ostracism(β0.147,p 0.05).Contrary to expectations,Machiavellianism did not show significant direct=<effects on either social ostracism(βp 0.05)or TikTok addiction(β0.135,p 0.05).Mediation analysis=-0.031,>=>confirmed that social ostracism acted as a positive mediator,amplifying the effects of Psychopathy(β0.049,p 0.05)=<and Narcissism(β0.052,p 0.01)on TikTok addiction.In other words,higher levels of Psychopathy and Narcissism=<were linked to greater experiences of social ostracism,which in turn were linked to higher levels of TikTok addiction.Conclusion:These findings suggest an important role for social ostracism in linking Narcissism and Psychopathy to TikTok addiction.Addressing social ostracism and these dark personality traits through targeted interventions may be important in reducing TikTok addiction risks among individuals with such traits.展开更多
Objective To explore prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of fetal Currarino syndrome(CS)and methods for prenatal diagnosis of CS.Methods Two fetuses with CS confirmed by genetic examination were retrospectively analyz...Objective To explore prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of fetal Currarino syndrome(CS)and methods for prenatal diagnosis of CS.Methods Two fetuses with CS confirmed by genetic examination were retrospectively analyzed,while 6 CS fetuses with complete prenatal ultrasonic data in literature were reviewed.Prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of CS fetuses and the method for prenatal diagnosis of CS were discussed.Results Among 8 CS fetuses diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound,4 were female singletons with a clear family history of CS,and MNX 1 gene mutation was found in 1 fetus.The other 4 fetuses were 2 pairs of male monochorionic twins,all with MNX 1 gene mutation.Among 8 CS fetuses,complete triad(sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass)were displayed only in 2 fetuses,while all 8 had sacral agenesis abnormalities and 6(6/8,75.00%)were detected with prenatal ultrasound,6 had low location of conus medullaris and 2(2/6,33.33%)detected with prenatal ultrasound.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound was the first choice for non-invasive diagnosis of fetal CS.When one of sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass was found with prenatal ultrasound,the possibility of CS should be considered,and fetal MRI,genetic examination and prenatal genetic counselling should be recommended if necessary.展开更多
We investigate spatiotemporal periodic patterns in harmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs)driven by a periodic modulation of the interaction.Resonant with the breathing mode,we show the emergence of a sq...We investigate spatiotemporal periodic patterns in harmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs)driven by a periodic modulation of the interaction.Resonant with the breathing mode,we show the emergence of a square lattice pattern containing two orthonormal stripes.We study the time evolutions of the lattice patterns for different driving strengths and dissipations.We find that its spatial periodicity and temporal oscillating frequency match the Bogoliubov dispersion,which is the intrinsic property of the system and relevant to the parametric amplification of elementary excitations.In the circumstances of strong driving strength and low dissipation,we further observe the triad interaction and the resulting superlattice state,which are well explained by the nonlinear amplitude equation for superimposed stripes.These results shed light on unexplored nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of two-dimensional patterns in harmonically trapped BECs that can pave the way for engineering exotic patterns by state-of-the-art experiments.展开更多
Introduction: Liver abscess is an infection of the hepatic parenchyma that requires early diagnosis and effective management. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic and progressive asp...Introduction: Liver abscess is an infection of the hepatic parenchyma that requires early diagnosis and effective management. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic and progressive aspects of liver abscesses at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital (CHUSS). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, conducted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the CHUSS. Patients who had a liver abscess confirmed by liver ultrasound and were hospitalized during the study period were included. Primary abscessed cancers and hydatid or superinfected cysts were not included. Results: During the study period, 1767 patients were hospitalized and 23 cases of abscess included. There were 17 men, a sex ratio of 2.8. The mean age was 37.3 ± 16.2 years. The predominant medical histories and pathological conditions were intestinal amoebiasis and chronic alcohol consumption, respectively in 13 (56.5%) and 11 (47.8%) patients. A Fontan triad was observed in 21 patients (91.3%) and a deterioration in general condition in more than 50% of patients. A hyperleukocytosis was observed in all patients, and an elevated C-reactive protein was found in 18 patients (78.3%). On ultrasound, a single abscess or more than two pockets were revealed in 9 and 6 patients respectively, located in the majority of cases (21 patients) in the right lobe. Imidazoles, alone or in combination with a cephalosporin, were administered. Ultrasound-guided or surgical drainage was performed in 12 (52.2%) and 02 patients respectively. The outcome was favorable in 19 patients (82.6%) and the outcome was fatal in 4 others. Conclusion: Liver abscess remains a potentially serious pathology in our context. Only early diagnosis with appropriate treatment can achieve excellent results.展开更多
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also known as Samter’s triad, is characterized by aspirin intolerance, nasal polyps with recurrent rhinitis, and asthma. The components of AERD are frequently encounter...Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also known as Samter’s triad, is characterized by aspirin intolerance, nasal polyps with recurrent rhinitis, and asthma. The components of AERD are frequently encountered in dental offices. This article reviews the screening and appropriate referral of patients who may have AERD. The implications of AERD on a patient’s daily life, as well as a brief overview of potential treatments, are followed by a case report of a 36-year-old female patient. In the case report, a 36-year-old female patient with a history of chronic sinusitis, asthma, and aspirin allergy presents to a dental office with no evidence of oral disease. The case then describes the referral process to Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) for further evaluation, the diagnosis of Samter’s triad, and subsequent treatment through endoscopic sinus (ESS) surgery to remove nasal polyps. The patient experienced relief of symptoms at the one-year postoperative follow-up. As dental providers often serve as a frequent point of contact for many patients—some of whom may see their dentists more regularly than their primary care providers—we are uniquely positioned to recognize signs and symptoms in the head and neck region that may indicate systemic disease.展开更多
We report a 27-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension, saddle anesthesia, and lower back pain. CT and MRI of the abdomen/spine were performed which showed a large anterior sacral meningocele occupying...We report a 27-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension, saddle anesthesia, and lower back pain. CT and MRI of the abdomen/spine were performed which showed a large anterior sacral meningocele occupying most of the pelvic and abdominal cavity and displacement of their respective contents. Anterior approach was chosen, uterine didelphys was identified and mobilized, meningocele identified and gentle drainage with subsequent resection of the cyst wall and watertight closure was achieved. Subsequent MRI demonstrated resolution of most the sacral meningocele. Patient symptoms improved and are doing well.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the genetic correlations between epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and FHIT methylation in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma(AC)and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:T...Objective:To investigate the genetic correlations between epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and FHIT methylation in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma(AC)and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:The presence of EGFR mutations and the methylation status of the FHIT gene in patients presenting with AC and TB were analyzed.The correlation between TB status and the observed genetic and epigenetic variations was also examined.Results:Among the 90 patients included in the study,38 exhibited EGFR mutations(14 among those with TB and 24 among those without TB),while 29 exhibited FHIT myelination(19 among those with TB and 10 among those without TB).Furthermore,the protein expression levels of EGFR and FHIT were significantly higher in patients diagnosed solely with AC compared to those presenting with both AC and TB.A robust inverse correlation was identified between TB status and the frequency of EGFR mutation(P<0.001).Moreover,significant associations were observed between TB status and FHIT methylation(P<0.01).Conclusion:The findings suggest a correlation between TB and the prevalence of EGFR mutation and FHIT methylation in the pathogenesis of AC.展开更多
目的探讨Force Triad能量平台中血管结扎闭合系统（结扎束）在阴式子宫全切术（Transvaginal total hysterectomy,TVH）中的应用价值。方法 2013年4~12月住院患者60例,随机分成观察组（ligasuren血管闭合系统组）与对照组（传统手术组）...目的探讨Force Triad能量平台中血管结扎闭合系统（结扎束）在阴式子宫全切术（Transvaginal total hysterectomy,TVH）中的应用价值。方法 2013年4~12月住院患者60例,随机分成观察组（ligasuren血管闭合系统组）与对照组（传统手术组）,比较两组间在手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后发热时间、术后离床活动时间以及平均住院天数等情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后离床活动时间及平均住院时间明显少于开腹手术组（P〈0.05）,差异有统计学意义;术后排气时间、术后发热时间差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论 Ligasuren血管闭合系统在阴式子宫全切手术的应用方面有一定的优势,可以更有效地闭合血管,减少出血量及缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症等优点,值得推广。展开更多
A survey of zoological literature affirmed the wide occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in the organization of acellular and prokaryotic life forms as well as in some eukaryotic protistans and in the embryonic development...A survey of zoological literature affirmed the wide occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in the organization of acellular and prokaryotic life forms as well as in some eukaryotic protistans and in the embryonic development and adult forms of many living and fossil remains of metazoan animals. A detailed comparative analysis of the axial skeleton of a fossil fish and humans revealed a new rule of the “nested triad” of bones organized along the proximal to distal axis of limb appendages. This growth pattern and its ubiquity among living vertebrates appear to underlie a profound rule of pattern formation that is dictated in part by the genetics and epigenetic mechanisms of stem cell clonal development.展开更多
By means of Lax triads we reconstruct isospectral and nonisospectral scalar modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mKP) hierarchies. In this approach the argument y is treated as an independent variable which is independent...By means of Lax triads we reconstruct isospectral and nonisospectral scalar modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mKP) hierarchies. In this approach the argument y is treated as an independent variable which is independent of time parameters {t_1, t_2,...}. Consequently, the isospectral and nonisospectral scalar mKP flows can have clear zero curvature representations, which enables us to handle investigation of symmetries of the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy as freely as for(1+1)-dimensional systems. As a result, we obtain Lie algebraic structures of the scalar mKP flows and construct symmetries for the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy.展开更多
Taking the Big Bang as an established fact, the question inevitably arises about what exactly caused it, in what environment could it have happened and what happened before it. The developed approach allows us to shed...Taking the Big Bang as an established fact, the question inevitably arises about what exactly caused it, in what environment could it have happened and what happened before it. The developed approach allows us to shed light on many raised questions and to establish what universal laws and structures formed what happened before the Big Bang, to understand its cause and the dynamic processes that led to it. This required a radical revision of many views, giving them a new meaning and content. This approach has led to a consistent and conceptually new understanding of these phenomena, which allowed correctly formulate questions to which there are still no clear answers. Based on this formulation of the problem, we came to new ideas about the nature of Dark energy, Dark matter and the region of their birth, formulated and described the mechanism of the formation of worlds and their hierarchy on the other side of the Big Bang and the mechanism of this explosion itself. The Primary Parent Particle was introduced into the concept, which was the basis of everything and is the carrier of the fundamental Primary space introduced by us, which had at least two phase states. This particle consists of Beginnings united in the form of Borromeo rings. This made it possible to calculate the structure and primary spectrum of elementary particles that arose on the other side of the Big Bang, the mechanisms of their formation and the resulting fundamental interactions that lead to the existence of vortices before the Big Bang;the mechanisms of the birth of multiple universes and much more are also considered. The concept of the “cosmic genetic code" is introduced, the characteristics and mechanism of its formation before the Big Bang are presented.展开更多
文摘The possibility of developing a complete graph invariant computable in polynomial time remains an open question. Consequently, creating efficient algorithms to verify non-isomorphism, including heuristic approaches, is essential. Effective implementation of these heuristics necessitates both the adaptation of existing graph invariants and the invention of novel ones, which continues to be a relevant challenge. Numerous current invariants are capable of distinguishing a significant number of graphs rapidly in real-time scenarios. In this study, we present an invariant tailored for tournaments, a specific class of directed graphs. Tournaments are particularly intriguing because the count of distinct tournaments for a given number of vertices aligns with that of undirected graphs of the same size. The introduced invariant evaluates all possible tournament subsets derived from the original digraph that share the identical arc set. For each subset tournament, standard rankings are computed and aggregated to produce the final vertex scores, which serve as the new invariant. Our analysis indicates that this newly proposed invariant diverges from the most straightforward tournament invariant, which typically assigns scores to each participant. Preliminary computational tests demonstrate that the minimal correlation between the sequences generated by these two invariants occurs at a vertex count of 15.
基金reported in this paper represents a contribution to“Research Project on the Construction of Smart Teaching Capabilities in New Era Mingde College English(Grant No.2022YB0099)”at Henan Provincial Department of Education.
文摘Background:Recent years have witnessed the rapid rise of TikTok,a short-video social platform,which has sparked concerns about its potential for misuse and addiction.TikTok addiction has been associated with various psychological and social issues.This study aims to explore the mediating role of social ostracism in the relationship between the Dark Triad(Machiavellianism,Psychopathy,and Narcissism)and TikTok addiction.Methods:Data were collected from 425 Chinese college students through convenience sampling,using three validated scales:the Dirty Dozen,the Social Ostracism Scale,and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale.Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)with AMOS 24 revealed significant patterns.Results:Narcissism had direct positive effects on both social ostracism(β0.115,p 0.01)and TikTok addiction(β0.223,p 0.05),while Psychopathy only had a direct positive effect=<=<on social ostracism(β0.147,p 0.05).Contrary to expectations,Machiavellianism did not show significant direct=<effects on either social ostracism(βp 0.05)or TikTok addiction(β0.135,p 0.05).Mediation analysis=-0.031,>=>confirmed that social ostracism acted as a positive mediator,amplifying the effects of Psychopathy(β0.049,p 0.05)=<and Narcissism(β0.052,p 0.01)on TikTok addiction.In other words,higher levels of Psychopathy and Narcissism=<were linked to greater experiences of social ostracism,which in turn were linked to higher levels of TikTok addiction.Conclusion:These findings suggest an important role for social ostracism in linking Narcissism and Psychopathy to TikTok addiction.Addressing social ostracism and these dark personality traits through targeted interventions may be important in reducing TikTok addiction risks among individuals with such traits.
文摘Objective To explore prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of fetal Currarino syndrome(CS)and methods for prenatal diagnosis of CS.Methods Two fetuses with CS confirmed by genetic examination were retrospectively analyzed,while 6 CS fetuses with complete prenatal ultrasonic data in literature were reviewed.Prenatal ultrasonic characteristics of CS fetuses and the method for prenatal diagnosis of CS were discussed.Results Among 8 CS fetuses diagnosed with prenatal ultrasound,4 were female singletons with a clear family history of CS,and MNX 1 gene mutation was found in 1 fetus.The other 4 fetuses were 2 pairs of male monochorionic twins,all with MNX 1 gene mutation.Among 8 CS fetuses,complete triad(sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass)were displayed only in 2 fetuses,while all 8 had sacral agenesis abnormalities and 6(6/8,75.00%)were detected with prenatal ultrasound,6 had low location of conus medullaris and 2(2/6,33.33%)detected with prenatal ultrasound.Conclusion Prenatal ultrasound was the first choice for non-invasive diagnosis of fetal CS.When one of sacral agenesis abnormalities,anorectal malformation and presacral mass was found with prenatal ultrasound,the possibility of CS should be considered,and fetal MRI,genetic examination and prenatal genetic counselling should be recommended if necessary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.12074343(WW and HJL)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No.LZ22A050002(HJL)。
文摘We investigate spatiotemporal periodic patterns in harmonically trapped Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs)driven by a periodic modulation of the interaction.Resonant with the breathing mode,we show the emergence of a square lattice pattern containing two orthonormal stripes.We study the time evolutions of the lattice patterns for different driving strengths and dissipations.We find that its spatial periodicity and temporal oscillating frequency match the Bogoliubov dispersion,which is the intrinsic property of the system and relevant to the parametric amplification of elementary excitations.In the circumstances of strong driving strength and low dissipation,we further observe the triad interaction and the resulting superlattice state,which are well explained by the nonlinear amplitude equation for superimposed stripes.These results shed light on unexplored nonlinear spatiotemporal dynamics of two-dimensional patterns in harmonically trapped BECs that can pave the way for engineering exotic patterns by state-of-the-art experiments.
文摘Introduction: Liver abscess is an infection of the hepatic parenchyma that requires early diagnosis and effective management. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic and progressive aspects of liver abscesses at the Sourô Sanou University Hospital (CHUSS). Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, conducted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the CHUSS. Patients who had a liver abscess confirmed by liver ultrasound and were hospitalized during the study period were included. Primary abscessed cancers and hydatid or superinfected cysts were not included. Results: During the study period, 1767 patients were hospitalized and 23 cases of abscess included. There were 17 men, a sex ratio of 2.8. The mean age was 37.3 ± 16.2 years. The predominant medical histories and pathological conditions were intestinal amoebiasis and chronic alcohol consumption, respectively in 13 (56.5%) and 11 (47.8%) patients. A Fontan triad was observed in 21 patients (91.3%) and a deterioration in general condition in more than 50% of patients. A hyperleukocytosis was observed in all patients, and an elevated C-reactive protein was found in 18 patients (78.3%). On ultrasound, a single abscess or more than two pockets were revealed in 9 and 6 patients respectively, located in the majority of cases (21 patients) in the right lobe. Imidazoles, alone or in combination with a cephalosporin, were administered. Ultrasound-guided or surgical drainage was performed in 12 (52.2%) and 02 patients respectively. The outcome was favorable in 19 patients (82.6%) and the outcome was fatal in 4 others. Conclusion: Liver abscess remains a potentially serious pathology in our context. Only early diagnosis with appropriate treatment can achieve excellent results.
文摘Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also known as Samter’s triad, is characterized by aspirin intolerance, nasal polyps with recurrent rhinitis, and asthma. The components of AERD are frequently encountered in dental offices. This article reviews the screening and appropriate referral of patients who may have AERD. The implications of AERD on a patient’s daily life, as well as a brief overview of potential treatments, are followed by a case report of a 36-year-old female patient. In the case report, a 36-year-old female patient with a history of chronic sinusitis, asthma, and aspirin allergy presents to a dental office with no evidence of oral disease. The case then describes the referral process to Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) for further evaluation, the diagnosis of Samter’s triad, and subsequent treatment through endoscopic sinus (ESS) surgery to remove nasal polyps. The patient experienced relief of symptoms at the one-year postoperative follow-up. As dental providers often serve as a frequent point of contact for many patients—some of whom may see their dentists more regularly than their primary care providers—we are uniquely positioned to recognize signs and symptoms in the head and neck region that may indicate systemic disease.
文摘We report a 27-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension, saddle anesthesia, and lower back pain. CT and MRI of the abdomen/spine were performed which showed a large anterior sacral meningocele occupying most of the pelvic and abdominal cavity and displacement of their respective contents. Anterior approach was chosen, uterine didelphys was identified and mobilized, meningocele identified and gentle drainage with subsequent resection of the cyst wall and watertight closure was achieved. Subsequent MRI demonstrated resolution of most the sacral meningocele. Patient symptoms improved and are doing well.
文摘Objective:To investigate the genetic correlations between epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutation and FHIT methylation in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma(AC)and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB).Methods:The presence of EGFR mutations and the methylation status of the FHIT gene in patients presenting with AC and TB were analyzed.The correlation between TB status and the observed genetic and epigenetic variations was also examined.Results:Among the 90 patients included in the study,38 exhibited EGFR mutations(14 among those with TB and 24 among those without TB),while 29 exhibited FHIT myelination(19 among those with TB and 10 among those without TB).Furthermore,the protein expression levels of EGFR and FHIT were significantly higher in patients diagnosed solely with AC compared to those presenting with both AC and TB.A robust inverse correlation was identified between TB status and the frequency of EGFR mutation(P<0.001).Moreover,significant associations were observed between TB status and FHIT methylation(P<0.01).Conclusion:The findings suggest a correlation between TB and the prevalence of EGFR mutation and FHIT methylation in the pathogenesis of AC.
文摘A survey of zoological literature affirmed the wide occurrence of Fibonacci numbers in the organization of acellular and prokaryotic life forms as well as in some eukaryotic protistans and in the embryonic development and adult forms of many living and fossil remains of metazoan animals. A detailed comparative analysis of the axial skeleton of a fossil fish and humans revealed a new rule of the “nested triad” of bones organized along the proximal to distal axis of limb appendages. This growth pattern and its ubiquity among living vertebrates appear to underlie a profound rule of pattern formation that is dictated in part by the genetics and epigenetic mechanisms of stem cell clonal development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11371241
文摘By means of Lax triads we reconstruct isospectral and nonisospectral scalar modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili(mKP) hierarchies. In this approach the argument y is treated as an independent variable which is independent of time parameters {t_1, t_2,...}. Consequently, the isospectral and nonisospectral scalar mKP flows can have clear zero curvature representations, which enables us to handle investigation of symmetries of the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy as freely as for(1+1)-dimensional systems. As a result, we obtain Lie algebraic structures of the scalar mKP flows and construct symmetries for the scalar isospectral mKP hierarchy.
文摘Taking the Big Bang as an established fact, the question inevitably arises about what exactly caused it, in what environment could it have happened and what happened before it. The developed approach allows us to shed light on many raised questions and to establish what universal laws and structures formed what happened before the Big Bang, to understand its cause and the dynamic processes that led to it. This required a radical revision of many views, giving them a new meaning and content. This approach has led to a consistent and conceptually new understanding of these phenomena, which allowed correctly formulate questions to which there are still no clear answers. Based on this formulation of the problem, we came to new ideas about the nature of Dark energy, Dark matter and the region of their birth, formulated and described the mechanism of the formation of worlds and their hierarchy on the other side of the Big Bang and the mechanism of this explosion itself. The Primary Parent Particle was introduced into the concept, which was the basis of everything and is the carrier of the fundamental Primary space introduced by us, which had at least two phase states. This particle consists of Beginnings united in the form of Borromeo rings. This made it possible to calculate the structure and primary spectrum of elementary particles that arose on the other side of the Big Bang, the mechanisms of their formation and the resulting fundamental interactions that lead to the existence of vortices before the Big Bang;the mechanisms of the birth of multiple universes and much more are also considered. The concept of the “cosmic genetic code" is introduced, the characteristics and mechanism of its formation before the Big Bang are presented.
