We conducted the ambient noise tomography to image the shallow crustal structure of southern Tibet. The2D maps of phase velocity anomalies at the periods of10–16 s show that the low velocities are mainly confined alo...We conducted the ambient noise tomography to image the shallow crustal structure of southern Tibet. The2D maps of phase velocity anomalies at the periods of10–16 s show that the low velocities are mainly confined along or near some of the rift zones. While the maps at the periods of 18–25 s show that the coherent patterns that the low velocities expand outside of the rift zones. It means that the low velocities are prevailing in the middle crust of southern Tibet. According to the previous study of surface wave tomography with teleseismic data,we find that the low velocities from the lower crust to the lithospheric mantle are also restricted to the same rift zones. Thus,the integrated knowledge of the distribution of the low velocities in southern Tibet provides some new insight on the formation of the north–south trending rift zones. Compiling the multidiscipline evidences,we conclude that the rifting was an integrated process of the entire lithosphere in the early stage（＊26–10 Ma）,but mainly occurred within the upper crust due to the weakening a decoupling in the low velocity middle crust in the late stage（later than ＊8 Ma）.展开更多
Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model versi...Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with a machine-learning-integrated four-mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module, we quantify global BC aging responses to emission reductions for 2011–2018 and for 2050 and 2100 under carbon neutrality. During 2011–18, global trends in BC aging degree(mass ratio of coatings to BC, R_(BC)) exhibited marked regional disparities, with a significant increase in China(5.4% yr^(-1)), which contrasts with minimal changes in the USA, Europe, and India. The divergence is attributed to opposing trends in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and sulfate coatings, driven by regional changes in the emission ratios of corresponding coating precursors to BC(volatile organic compounds-VOCs/BC and SO_(2)/BC). Projections under carbon neutrality reveal that R_(BC) will increase globally by 47%(118%) in 2050(2100), with strong convergent increases expected across major source regions. The R_(BC) increase, primarily driven by enhanced SOA coatings due to sharper BC reductions relative to VOCs, will enhance the global BC mass absorption cross-section(MAC) by 11%(17%) in 2050(2100).Consequently, although the global BC burden will decline sharply by 60%(76%), the enhanced MAC partially offsets the magnitude of the decline in the BC direct radiative effect, resulting in the moderation of global BC DRE decreases to 88%(92%) of the BC burden reductions in 2050(2100). This study highlights the globally enhanced BC aging and light absorption capacity under carbon neutrality, thereby partly offsetting the impact of BC direct emission reductions on future changes in BC radiative effects globally.展开更多
Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proo...Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.展开更多
At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2026 in Davos,China emerged as a steadfast advocate for multilateral cooperation and constructive dialogue,presenting a clear alternative to divisive rhetoric.CHINA’S role a...At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2026 in Davos,China emerged as a steadfast advocate for multilateral cooperation and constructive dialogue,presenting a clear alternative to divisive rhetoric.CHINA’S role as a key player in shaping global development and trends stood out at the World Economic Forum(WEF)annual meeting 2026 in Davos,Switzerland.展开更多
We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precisio...We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.展开更多
Objective To determine the proportions of drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB),its trends,and the drug resistance-conferring mutations among patients with pulmonary TB aged 10-24 years in China.Methods The data of patients...Objective To determine the proportions of drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB),its trends,and the drug resistance-conferring mutations among patients with pulmonary TB aged 10-24 years in China.Methods The data of patients with pulmonary TB were retrieved from a national drug-resistant TB survey for analysis.Joinpoint regression software was used to analyze time trends.We also used whole genome sequencing to analyze the lineages and drug resistance-conferring mutations of 621 isolates.Results Among 4,235 patients with pulmonary TB,the proportion of new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)was 3.18%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.37-4.15)for adolescents and 3.76%(95%CI:3.03-4.60)for young adults;for previously treated patients,MDR-TB accounted for 11.25%(95%CI:5.28-20.28)of adolescents and 11.05%(95%CI:6.88-16.55)of young adults.The proportion of patients with MDR-TB remained stable among both new and previously treated patients aged 10-24 years during the study period.Through whole genome sequencing,we found that the most common mutations in the MDR-TB strains were Ser315Thr in the katG gene(71.74%)and Ser450Leu in the rpoB gene(50.00%).Conclusion This study revealed a high proportion of MDR-TB among adolescents and young adults,indicating that urgent and comprehensive measures are needed to reduce the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant TB among this population in China.展开更多
Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to t...Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to these threats on a regional scale have been challenging to ascertain due to scarce continuous observation data.This study compiled county-level data on maize yield and yield loss across China's six primary cropping regions over twenty years from 1999 to 2018.These include the Spring-sown area of Northern China(1-NC),the Summer-sown Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(2-HHP),the Southwest Mountain(3-SM),the Southern Hilly(4-SH),the Northwest Irrigated(5-NI),and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Maize Regions(6-QTP).We identified 15 major diseases affecting these regions.The annual average yield loss due to maize diseases in the regions 1-NC,2-HHP,3-SM,4-SH,5-NI,and 6-QTP were 0.40,0.58,0.12,0.05,0.04 and<0.01 million tons,respectively,and the corresponding average yield loss rate(the ratio of yield loss to total yield)in these regions was 0.63,0.90,0.65,0.63,0.44,and 0.05.The yield loss due to all diseases increased for three regions in 3-SM,4-SH and 5-NI.The yield loss rate due to diseases significantly increased in region 4-SH and 5-NI.Predominantly,maize leaf blight has become the most significant threats.In region 1-NC,maize head smut(D1)and maize leaf blight(D2)were the primary diseases.In region 2-HHP,maize leaf blight(D2),maize rust(D3),maize brown spot(D5),Curvularia leaf spot(D7),and maize virus disease(D14)were the key pathogens.Bivariate trend analysis(joint analysis of yield loss and loss rate trends)indicated that maize head smut(D1)decreased significantly in 1-NC,while in 2-HHP,six diseases showed a significant decrease in both yield loss and loss rate,namely sheath blight(D4),brown spot(D5),root rot(D11),downy mildew(D12)and virus disease(D14).By providing a long-term,national-scale perspective,this study not only supports the development of broad management strategies but also guides the creation of precise,region-specific control protocols to safeguard maize production.展开更多
While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest fre...While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.展开更多
This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis...This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.展开更多
Migratory birds undertake regular seasonal movements between breeding and non-breeding grounds each year,often spanning intercontinental distances.Several migratory waterbirds are declining globally,owing to multiple ...Migratory birds undertake regular seasonal movements between breeding and non-breeding grounds each year,often spanning intercontinental distances.Several migratory waterbirds are declining globally,owing to multiple threats from parts of annual migration.Therefore,understanding the spatial distribution and conservation challenges of migratory waterbirds is critical for effective flyway-scale conservation.In this study,we compiled a comprehensive dataset of 199 migratory waterbird species,mapped seasonal distribution,and identified population trends and threats along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and Central Asian Flyway.Species richness exhibited latitudinal gradients along the two flyways,peaking at approximately 60°N in the breeding season and15°N in the non-breeding season.Migration distance and geographic spread significantly varied among orders.More than half of the waterbird species(50.75%)showed decreasing population trends;however,no significant difference in the proportion of population decline was noticed across flyways or orders.A total of 31 species(15.58%)were listed as threatened,most of which were concentrated in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and primarily affected by the use of biological resources,pollution,and agricultural expansion.Overall,this study provides a comparative assessment of migratory waterbirds in Asian flyways.Our findings highlight the importance of multinational conservation efforts targeting key breeding and non-breeding regions,specifically for threatened species,and underscore the need for coordinated strategies to mitigate multiple,overlapping threats across flyways.These further emphasize that conservation actions should prioritize transboundary habitat networks and policy integration among flyway countries to enhance the long-term resilience of migratory waterbird populations.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Fa...Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.展开更多
Based on multi-source time-series data from 2017 to 2024,this study comprehensively employed Theil-Sen trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test,random forest regression model,and spatial and temporal lag correlation analysis ...Based on multi-source time-series data from 2017 to 2024,this study comprehensively employed Theil-Sen trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test,random forest regression model,and spatial and temporal lag correlation analysis to systematically investigate the variation characteristics of NDVI and their associated mechanisms with land use changes and groundwater depth in the study area.The results indicate that vegetation activity showed overall significant improvement during the study period,with 60.93%of the area exhibiting significant greening trends and only 6.55%showing degradation.The trajectory characteristics of land use changes could explain approximately 79.64%of the variation in NDVI trends,but their driving effects demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity,with core driving zones accounting for 79.22%of the area.Groundwater depth showed an overall weak negative correlation with NDVI(r=-0.0464),but exhibited significant lag effects,and the correlation coefficient increased to-0.1763 when there was a lag of 3 months.The study concludes that regional vegetation changes were primarily driven by land use activities,while the influences of groundwater showed spatial and temporal lag characteristics.Ecological restoration policies should integrate land use optimization with water resource management,and fully consider the spatial heterogeneity and temporal lag effects of driving mechanisms.展开更多
Formic acid(FA)is particularly prominent for its ubiquity and structural simplicity among atmospheric organic acids,and exerts a significant influence on atmospheric acidity.However,the potential contribution of FA to...Formic acid(FA)is particularly prominent for its ubiquity and structural simplicity among atmospheric organic acids,and exerts a significant influence on atmospheric acidity.However,the potential contribution of FA to the primary stage of new particle formation(NPF)remains unclear.Herein,molecular dynamics(MD),density functional theory(DFT)and the atmospheric cluster dynamics code(ACDC)model have been utilized to evaluate the mechanism of FA participation in atmospheric SA(sulfuric acid)-A(ammonia)clusters.The MD simulations qualitatively suggest that FA can aggregate with SA and A to form larger clusters,and the aggregation time of the largest clusters decreases as the temperature decreases.The DFT and ACDC findings indicate that the ternary SA-A-FA system is thermodynamically more stable at low temperatures(238.15 K).Simultaneously,in regions with low temperatures,high[FA](10^(11)molecules/cm3),low[SA](106 molecules/cm3)and high[A](10^(11)molecules/cm^(3)),FA significantly enhances SA-A cluster formation rates.The low-temperature NPF mechanism implies that FA could facilitate the growth of pure SA-A clusters via a“catalytic”mechanism and play an integral role in the genesis of critical clusters as a“participant”.This dual role differs from the“catalytic”role exhibited by malonic and glycolic acids in our previous studies.This discovery could help identify the sources of unexplained NPFs in regions with high FA concentrations,such as densely forested areas with abundant vegetation,regions affected by biomass burning,or periods with elevated vehicle exhaust emissions and the release of volatile organic compounds like isoprene and terpenoids.展开更多
Background:Hemifacial spasm(HFS)is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary facial muscle contractions,significantly impacting quality of life.This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analys...Background:Hemifacial spasm(HFS)is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary facial muscle contractions,significantly impacting quality of life.This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends,collaborations,and scientific contributions in the field of HFS,addressing publication patterns,influential authors and institutions,and prominent research topics from 1999 to 2024.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis based on 1,884 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using the keyword"Hemifacial Spasm."Data analysis and visualization were performed using Microsoft Excel,R/Bibliometrix,Scimago Graphica,VOSviewer,Pajek,and CiteSpace.Parameters assessed included publication trends,author collaborations,institutional contributions,core journals,citation metrics,and keyword clusters.Results:Among the analyzed publications,1,646 were original research articles,and 238 were reviews,involving 6,063 researchers and citing 25,252 references.The United States,China,and Japan were identified as leading contributing countries,with prominent institutions including Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Sungkyunkwan University,and the University of Pittsburgh.Top authors by publication count were Li Shiting,Park Kwan,and Zhong Jun,whereas Peter J.Jannetta,Albert R.Møller,and Janko Jankovic were most frequently cited.Core journals,identified via Bradford’s Law,included Acta Neurochirurgica,World Neurosurgery,and Journal of Neurosurgery.Keyword analysis highlighted focal research areas:"hemifacial spasm","microvascular decompression",and"trigeminal neuralgia".Conclusion:This bibliometric study provides critical insights into the evolution of research on HFS,highlighting key contributors,institutional influence,and research hotspots.The findings underscore ongoing collaborative opportunities and essential areas for future research exploration.展开更多
AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 ...AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 and 2022,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to explore publication trends,as well as the contributions and collaborative networks of countries/regions,authors,institutions,and journals.RESULTS:The annual number of publications on strabismus showed a consistent upward trend.The United States(USA)maintained a leading position in this research field while Republic of Korea and China emerged as rapidly advancing contributors over the last decade.The University of California,Los Angeles ranked as the most productive institution,and Jonathan M.Holmes from USA was the most productive author.Journal of AAPOS was the leading journal with the most strabismus publications,whereas the two most highly cited articles were both published in Ophthalmology.Co-occurrence analysis identified pivotal keywords and burst terms,including intermittent exotropia(IXT),acute acquired comitant esotropia(AACE),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),and surgical treatment,which were confirmed as predominant and frontier topics.CONCLUSION:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of strabismus research,revealing the evolution of research hotspots over the past 30y and outlining several cutting-edge directions for future investigation.展开更多
Rime ice is an effective winter ambient air pollution accumulator.Due to its higher ion content as compared to snow it is a non-negligible contributor to atmospheric deposition fluxes with potential environmental cons...Rime ice is an effective winter ambient air pollution accumulator.Due to its higher ion content as compared to snow it is a non-negligible contributor to atmospheric deposition fluxes with potential environmental consequences,particularly in mountain regions.Here we explore spatio-temporal patterns of rime formation as a proxy for the propensity of individual sites to form rime ice.We present the recent time trends in rime ice occurrence and thickness measured by 23 professional meteorological stations in the Czech Republic in 2002–2023.In an exploratory data analysis,we found high year-to-year variability in rime occurrence and thickness at all sites.According to the annual mean number of hours with rime detected,the stations situated at the highest altitudes are significantly different(higher)from the rest of the sites.The highest rime hour and thickness records by far were observed at the LYSA station in the Beskydy(Beskid)Mts situated at the exposed mountaintop and highly elevated above the surrounding terrain.For advanced statistical modelling of rime thickness,we used two generalised additive models that account for long-term trends(potentially nonlinear),seasonal and daily variability.In an expanded model we further considered the effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)index.All the parameters included in the models proved to be statistically significant,although the strength of their effect differed.Factors affecting the rime formation(meteorology and terrain)are strongly site-specific and identification of the significance of individual influencing factors remains a challenging task for our future research.Here,we explore a rare long-term rime record with detailed temporal resolution from multiple uniformly measured sites,which significantly enhances our understanding of rime formation.Additionally,the rime record is from a temperate zone,where rime forms only during a small part of the year.展开更多
The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory...The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory(RGI)v.7.0 glacier inventory,and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)mass balance)with a degree-day model to reconstruct decadal snow and ice dynamics across 13 sub-basins and analyzed their hydrological impacts from 1950 to 2014.The results showed that:(1)while flows from the downstream river of the BLB decreased from 1950 to 1982 due to land surface changes,runoff increased significantly after 1982 in the Ili River(18.0%)and moderately increased in most rivers in the east(1.3%–8.3%),driven by increased precipitation and glacier melt.Runoff in the Ayaguz catchment(no glaciers with the highest climate warming)declined(10.5%);(2)climate warming reduced precipitation falling as snow caused snow melt water to decline(0.03–0.22 mm/a)across the BLB,leading to downward shifts in runoff and runoff coefficient,especially in the rivers in the east.However,snow melt during April–June positively correlated with runoff coefficient,contributing to an upward shift in the Ili River Basin;and(3)meltwater from glacierized areas(<5.0%of basin area)contributed to 14.3%of total ablation water.Net glacier melt provided substantial excess flows(11.6 m3/s in the Ili River and<1.0 m3/s in the rivers in the east),generally counterbalancing the negative effect of rising potential evaporation at decadal scales and positively correlating with the runoff coefficient.Therefore,water stress in the BLB may be more severe in the future due to the accelerating glacier melt after the abrupt increase in air temperature in 2000,the continuing decline in snow melt,and the significant inter-annual variations in precipitation.展开更多
On January 23,2026,the second plenary session of the China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO) convened in Wuhan,Hubei Province.Amid significant changes in the global exhibition landscape,participants shar...On January 23,2026,the second plenary session of the China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO) convened in Wuhan,Hubei Province.Amid significant changes in the global exhibition landscape,participants shared recent developments,key data,and future trends in major markets,offering guidance for industry practitioners to drive progress.展开更多
In this study,we use observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite to de...In this study,we use observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite to develop and apply a new local-time binning method to investigate the long-term evolution of mesospheric water vapor at high latitudes.The proposed method accounts for the gradual local-time drift of the SABER orbit by aligning seasonal observation windows and selecting samples observed at similar local times.This approach minimizes tidal aliasing and ensures more consistent sampling,yielding more reliable estimates of long-term water vapor trends at high latitudes.The results show that drying signals primarily appear in the polar regions.However,in the southern hemisphere,a drying trend is observed only in autumn,whereas winter and summer mainly show moistening trends.In contrast,the northern hemisphere exhibits drying signals in the polar regions during all seasons,showing a clear seasonal asymmetry.Additionally,the water vapor trend in the northern hemisphere is particularly pronounced in February(late winter),with moistening reaching up to+2.0 ppmv.The winter in the southern hemisphere(July–August)also shows moistening,but the trend is still weaker than in the northern hemisphere.These differences highlight the strong moistening trend in the northern hemisphere during winter and underscore the significant asymmetry in seasonal water vapor changes between the two hemispheres.These findings emphasize the limitations of water vapor trend estimates across different seasons and latitudes.Moreover,they provide new insights into the spatiotemporal variability associated with tidal structures,underscoring the importance of optimizing local-time sampling strategies for reliable long-term trend detection.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.: 41274002 and 41125015)
文摘We conducted the ambient noise tomography to image the shallow crustal structure of southern Tibet. The2D maps of phase velocity anomalies at the periods of10–16 s show that the low velocities are mainly confined along or near some of the rift zones. While the maps at the periods of 18–25 s show that the coherent patterns that the low velocities expand outside of the rift zones. It means that the low velocities are prevailing in the middle crust of southern Tibet. According to the previous study of surface wave tomography with teleseismic data,we find that the low velocities from the lower crust to the lithospheric mantle are also restricted to the same rift zones. Thus,the integrated knowledge of the distribution of the low velocities in southern Tibet provides some new insight on the formation of the north–south trending rift zones. Compiling the multidiscipline evidences,we conclude that the rifting was an integrated process of the entire lithosphere in the early stage（＊26–10 Ma）,but mainly occurred within the upper crust due to the weakening a decoupling in the low velocity middle crust in the late stage（later than ＊8 Ma）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42505149,41925023,U2342223,42105069,and 91744208)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M770303)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (14380230)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change。
文摘Countries around the world have been making efforts to reduce pollutant emissions. However, the response of global black carbon(BC) aging to emission changes remains unclear. Using the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with a machine-learning-integrated four-mode version of the Modal Aerosol Module, we quantify global BC aging responses to emission reductions for 2011–2018 and for 2050 and 2100 under carbon neutrality. During 2011–18, global trends in BC aging degree(mass ratio of coatings to BC, R_(BC)) exhibited marked regional disparities, with a significant increase in China(5.4% yr^(-1)), which contrasts with minimal changes in the USA, Europe, and India. The divergence is attributed to opposing trends in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) and sulfate coatings, driven by regional changes in the emission ratios of corresponding coating precursors to BC(volatile organic compounds-VOCs/BC and SO_(2)/BC). Projections under carbon neutrality reveal that R_(BC) will increase globally by 47%(118%) in 2050(2100), with strong convergent increases expected across major source regions. The R_(BC) increase, primarily driven by enhanced SOA coatings due to sharper BC reductions relative to VOCs, will enhance the global BC mass absorption cross-section(MAC) by 11%(17%) in 2050(2100).Consequently, although the global BC burden will decline sharply by 60%(76%), the enhanced MAC partially offsets the magnitude of the decline in the BC direct radiative effect, resulting in the moderation of global BC DRE decreases to 88%(92%) of the BC burden reductions in 2050(2100). This study highlights the globally enhanced BC aging and light absorption capacity under carbon neutrality, thereby partly offsetting the impact of BC direct emission reductions on future changes in BC radiative effects globally.
文摘Medical Data Mining published an article entitled Mapping the global research trends and hotspots on hypertensive nephropathy:A novel bibliometrics overview on 10 October 2025.The author confirmed this article’s proof on 28 September 2025 without any questions.However,on 13 November 2025,the Editorial Office of Medical Data Mining noticed an inconsistency between the data presented in the main text and Figure 1.Specifically,erroneous Figure 1 states“a total of 56,691 literatures were obtained through database search”,while the main text in the Search results section states“According to the search term,a total of 59,220 publications were retrieved from the database.”The authors acknowledge that the original version of Figure 1 was incorrect and have provided the revised,correct version in this corrigendum.The authors would like to assert that there is no change in the body text of the article.
文摘At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2026 in Davos,China emerged as a steadfast advocate for multilateral cooperation and constructive dialogue,presenting a clear alternative to divisive rhetoric.CHINA’S role as a key player in shaping global development and trends stood out at the World Economic Forum(WEF)annual meeting 2026 in Davos,Switzerland.
文摘We read with great interest Deng et al.’s study 1 comparing sextant(6-core)and 12-core systematic biopsy in theMRI-targeted era,which valuably challenges the“more cores=higher accuracy”dogma by proposing a precision sampling strategy based on prostate cancer’s spatial distribution,aligning with personalized diagnosis trends.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2022YFC2305204).
文摘Objective To determine the proportions of drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB),its trends,and the drug resistance-conferring mutations among patients with pulmonary TB aged 10-24 years in China.Methods The data of patients with pulmonary TB were retrieved from a national drug-resistant TB survey for analysis.Joinpoint regression software was used to analyze time trends.We also used whole genome sequencing to analyze the lineages and drug resistance-conferring mutations of 621 isolates.Results Among 4,235 patients with pulmonary TB,the proportion of new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)was 3.18%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.37-4.15)for adolescents and 3.76%(95%CI:3.03-4.60)for young adults;for previously treated patients,MDR-TB accounted for 11.25%(95%CI:5.28-20.28)of adolescents and 11.05%(95%CI:6.88-16.55)of young adults.The proportion of patients with MDR-TB remained stable among both new and previously treated patients aged 10-24 years during the study period.Through whole genome sequencing,we found that the most common mutations in the MDR-TB strains were Ser315Thr in the katG gene(71.74%)and Ser450Leu in the rpoB gene(50.00%).Conclusion This study revealed a high proportion of MDR-TB among adolescents and young adults,indicating that urgent and comprehensive measures are needed to reduce the emergence and transmission of drug-resistant TB among this population in China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFF1301801)Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(333 Project)(06202214442066)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(5232018)Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(06202214442062).
文摘Maize yield is critically endangered by diseases throughout its growth cycle,posing significant risks to food security.The spatial and temporal dynamics of maize yield loss and the rate of yield loss attributable to these threats on a regional scale have been challenging to ascertain due to scarce continuous observation data.This study compiled county-level data on maize yield and yield loss across China's six primary cropping regions over twenty years from 1999 to 2018.These include the Spring-sown area of Northern China(1-NC),the Summer-sown Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(2-HHP),the Southwest Mountain(3-SM),the Southern Hilly(4-SH),the Northwest Irrigated(5-NI),and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Maize Regions(6-QTP).We identified 15 major diseases affecting these regions.The annual average yield loss due to maize diseases in the regions 1-NC,2-HHP,3-SM,4-SH,5-NI,and 6-QTP were 0.40,0.58,0.12,0.05,0.04 and<0.01 million tons,respectively,and the corresponding average yield loss rate(the ratio of yield loss to total yield)in these regions was 0.63,0.90,0.65,0.63,0.44,and 0.05.The yield loss due to all diseases increased for three regions in 3-SM,4-SH and 5-NI.The yield loss rate due to diseases significantly increased in region 4-SH and 5-NI.Predominantly,maize leaf blight has become the most significant threats.In region 1-NC,maize head smut(D1)and maize leaf blight(D2)were the primary diseases.In region 2-HHP,maize leaf blight(D2),maize rust(D3),maize brown spot(D5),Curvularia leaf spot(D7),and maize virus disease(D14)were the key pathogens.Bivariate trend analysis(joint analysis of yield loss and loss rate trends)indicated that maize head smut(D1)decreased significantly in 1-NC,while in 2-HHP,six diseases showed a significant decrease in both yield loss and loss rate,namely sheath blight(D4),brown spot(D5),root rot(D11),downy mildew(D12)and virus disease(D14).By providing a long-term,national-scale perspective,this study not only supports the development of broad management strategies but also guides the creation of precise,region-specific control protocols to safeguard maize production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.43277051)the Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education(No.B230203006).
文摘While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.
基金The National University of Mongolia,No.P2024-4814The Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation,No.CHN-2022/274The‘Chey Institute for Advanced Studies’International Scholar Exchange Fellowship for the Academic Year of 2025-2026。
文摘This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3204304)Jiangsu Provincial Innovation Research Program on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BT2024012)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province。
文摘Migratory birds undertake regular seasonal movements between breeding and non-breeding grounds each year,often spanning intercontinental distances.Several migratory waterbirds are declining globally,owing to multiple threats from parts of annual migration.Therefore,understanding the spatial distribution and conservation challenges of migratory waterbirds is critical for effective flyway-scale conservation.In this study,we compiled a comprehensive dataset of 199 migratory waterbird species,mapped seasonal distribution,and identified population trends and threats along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and Central Asian Flyway.Species richness exhibited latitudinal gradients along the two flyways,peaking at approximately 60°N in the breeding season and15°N in the non-breeding season.Migration distance and geographic spread significantly varied among orders.More than half of the waterbird species(50.75%)showed decreasing population trends;however,no significant difference in the proportion of population decline was noticed across flyways or orders.A total of 31 species(15.58%)were listed as threatened,most of which were concentrated in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway and primarily affected by the use of biological resources,pollution,and agricultural expansion.Overall,this study provides a comparative assessment of migratory waterbirds in Asian flyways.Our findings highlight the importance of multinational conservation efforts targeting key breeding and non-breeding regions,specifically for threatened species,and underscore the need for coordinated strategies to mitigate multiple,overlapping threats across flyways.These further emphasize that conservation actions should prioritize transboundary habitat networks and policy integration among flyway countries to enhance the long-term resilience of migratory waterbird populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82341245,82371491)the Chinese Central Government(Key Project of Public Health Program)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1311706,2018YFC1311702)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to determine the temporal trends in sleep duration among Chinese adults.Methods In this series of repeated nationally representative cross-sectional surveys(China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance)conducted between 2010 and 2018,a total of 645,420 adult participants(97,741 in 2010;175,749 in 2013;187,777 in 2015;and 184,153 in 2018)were included in the trend analysis.Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to assess trends in sleep duration.Results In 2018,the estimated overall mean sleep duration among the Chinese adult population was7.58(SD,1.45)hours per day,with no significant trend from 2010.A significant increase in short sleep duration(≤6 hours)was observed in the total population,from 15.3%(95%CI:14.1%–16.5%)in 2010 to18.5%(95%CI:17.7%–19.3%)in 2018(P<0.001).Similarly,the trend in long sleep duration(>9 hours)was also significant,increasing in weighted prevalence from 7.2%(95%CI:6.3%–8.1%)in 2010 to 9.0%(95%CI:8.2%–9.9%)in 2018(P<0.001).Conclusion The prevalence of both short and long sleep durations significantly increased among Chinese adults from 2010 to 2018,highlighting the urgency of health initiatives to promote optimal sleep duration in China.
基金Supported by the Key Special Project for Water Conservancy Science and Technology of Ordos City(ESKJ2023-001).
文摘Based on multi-source time-series data from 2017 to 2024,this study comprehensively employed Theil-Sen trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test,random forest regression model,and spatial and temporal lag correlation analysis to systematically investigate the variation characteristics of NDVI and their associated mechanisms with land use changes and groundwater depth in the study area.The results indicate that vegetation activity showed overall significant improvement during the study period,with 60.93%of the area exhibiting significant greening trends and only 6.55%showing degradation.The trajectory characteristics of land use changes could explain approximately 79.64%of the variation in NDVI trends,but their driving effects demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity,with core driving zones accounting for 79.22%of the area.Groundwater depth showed an overall weak negative correlation with NDVI(r=-0.0464),but exhibited significant lag effects,and the correlation coefficient increased to-0.1763 when there was a lag of 3 months.The study concludes that regional vegetation changes were primarily driven by land use activities,while the influences of groundwater showed spatial and temporal lag characteristics.Ecological restoration policies should integrate land use optimization with water resource management,and fully consider the spatial heterogeneity and temporal lag effects of driving mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22203052,22073059 and 22006158)the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(No.23JC023).
文摘Formic acid(FA)is particularly prominent for its ubiquity and structural simplicity among atmospheric organic acids,and exerts a significant influence on atmospheric acidity.However,the potential contribution of FA to the primary stage of new particle formation(NPF)remains unclear.Herein,molecular dynamics(MD),density functional theory(DFT)and the atmospheric cluster dynamics code(ACDC)model have been utilized to evaluate the mechanism of FA participation in atmospheric SA(sulfuric acid)-A(ammonia)clusters.The MD simulations qualitatively suggest that FA can aggregate with SA and A to form larger clusters,and the aggregation time of the largest clusters decreases as the temperature decreases.The DFT and ACDC findings indicate that the ternary SA-A-FA system is thermodynamically more stable at low temperatures(238.15 K).Simultaneously,in regions with low temperatures,high[FA](10^(11)molecules/cm3),low[SA](106 molecules/cm3)and high[A](10^(11)molecules/cm^(3)),FA significantly enhances SA-A cluster formation rates.The low-temperature NPF mechanism implies that FA could facilitate the growth of pure SA-A clusters via a“catalytic”mechanism and play an integral role in the genesis of critical clusters as a“participant”.This dual role differs from the“catalytic”role exhibited by malonic and glycolic acids in our previous studies.This discovery could help identify the sources of unexplained NPFs in regions with high FA concentrations,such as densely forested areas with abundant vegetation,regions affected by biomass burning,or periods with elevated vehicle exhaust emissions and the release of volatile organic compounds like isoprene and terpenoids.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271426).
文摘Background:Hemifacial spasm(HFS)is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary facial muscle contractions,significantly impacting quality of life.This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends,collaborations,and scientific contributions in the field of HFS,addressing publication patterns,influential authors and institutions,and prominent research topics from 1999 to 2024.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis based on 1,884 publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using the keyword"Hemifacial Spasm."Data analysis and visualization were performed using Microsoft Excel,R/Bibliometrix,Scimago Graphica,VOSviewer,Pajek,and CiteSpace.Parameters assessed included publication trends,author collaborations,institutional contributions,core journals,citation metrics,and keyword clusters.Results:Among the analyzed publications,1,646 were original research articles,and 238 were reviews,involving 6,063 researchers and citing 25,252 references.The United States,China,and Japan were identified as leading contributing countries,with prominent institutions including Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Sungkyunkwan University,and the University of Pittsburgh.Top authors by publication count were Li Shiting,Park Kwan,and Zhong Jun,whereas Peter J.Jannetta,Albert R.Møller,and Janko Jankovic were most frequently cited.Core journals,identified via Bradford’s Law,included Acta Neurochirurgica,World Neurosurgery,and Journal of Neurosurgery.Keyword analysis highlighted focal research areas:"hemifacial spasm","microvascular decompression",and"trigeminal neuralgia".Conclusion:This bibliometric study provides critical insights into the evolution of research on HFS,highlighting key contributors,institutional influence,and research hotspots.The findings underscore ongoing collaborative opportunities and essential areas for future research exploration.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82020108006,No.81730025).
文摘AIM:To summarize publication trends in the field of strabismus over the past 30y and predict future research hotspots.METHODS:A total of 2915 English-language articles and reviews on strabismus,published between 1993 and 2022,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to explore publication trends,as well as the contributions and collaborative networks of countries/regions,authors,institutions,and journals.RESULTS:The annual number of publications on strabismus showed a consistent upward trend.The United States(USA)maintained a leading position in this research field while Republic of Korea and China emerged as rapidly advancing contributors over the last decade.The University of California,Los Angeles ranked as the most productive institution,and Jonathan M.Holmes from USA was the most productive author.Journal of AAPOS was the leading journal with the most strabismus publications,whereas the two most highly cited articles were both published in Ophthalmology.Co-occurrence analysis identified pivotal keywords and burst terms,including intermittent exotropia(IXT),acute acquired comitant esotropia(AACE),functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),and surgical treatment,which were confirmed as predominant and frontier topics.CONCLUSION:This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of strabismus research,revealing the evolution of research hotspots over the past 30y and outlining several cutting-edge directions for future investigation.
基金financially supported by the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR), Joint Grant No SS 02030031 ARAMISby the long-term strategic development financing of the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985807)
文摘Rime ice is an effective winter ambient air pollution accumulator.Due to its higher ion content as compared to snow it is a non-negligible contributor to atmospheric deposition fluxes with potential environmental consequences,particularly in mountain regions.Here we explore spatio-temporal patterns of rime formation as a proxy for the propensity of individual sites to form rime ice.We present the recent time trends in rime ice occurrence and thickness measured by 23 professional meteorological stations in the Czech Republic in 2002–2023.In an exploratory data analysis,we found high year-to-year variability in rime occurrence and thickness at all sites.According to the annual mean number of hours with rime detected,the stations situated at the highest altitudes are significantly different(higher)from the rest of the sites.The highest rime hour and thickness records by far were observed at the LYSA station in the Beskydy(Beskid)Mts situated at the exposed mountaintop and highly elevated above the surrounding terrain.For advanced statistical modelling of rime thickness,we used two generalised additive models that account for long-term trends(potentially nonlinear),seasonal and daily variability.In an expanded model we further considered the effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)index.All the parameters included in the models proved to be statistically significant,although the strength of their effect differed.Factors affecting the rime formation(meteorology and terrain)are strongly site-specific and identification of the significance of individual influencing factors remains a challenging task for our future research.Here,we explore a rare long-term rime record with detailed temporal resolution from multiple uniformly measured sites,which significantly enhances our understanding of rime formation.Additionally,the rime record is from a temperate zone,where rime forms only during a small part of the year.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2003202,42071054)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province,China(20223BBG74003)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology(NIGLAS2022GS09).
文摘The Balkhash Lake Basin(BLB),a vital Central Asian watershed,faces hydrological uncertainty under climate warming.This study integrated multi-source remote sensing data(Sentinel-1 snow depth,Randolph Glacier Inventory(RGI)v.7.0 glacier inventory,and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)mass balance)with a degree-day model to reconstruct decadal snow and ice dynamics across 13 sub-basins and analyzed their hydrological impacts from 1950 to 2014.The results showed that:(1)while flows from the downstream river of the BLB decreased from 1950 to 1982 due to land surface changes,runoff increased significantly after 1982 in the Ili River(18.0%)and moderately increased in most rivers in the east(1.3%–8.3%),driven by increased precipitation and glacier melt.Runoff in the Ayaguz catchment(no glaciers with the highest climate warming)declined(10.5%);(2)climate warming reduced precipitation falling as snow caused snow melt water to decline(0.03–0.22 mm/a)across the BLB,leading to downward shifts in runoff and runoff coefficient,especially in the rivers in the east.However,snow melt during April–June positively correlated with runoff coefficient,contributing to an upward shift in the Ili River Basin;and(3)meltwater from glacierized areas(<5.0%of basin area)contributed to 14.3%of total ablation water.Net glacier melt provided substantial excess flows(11.6 m3/s in the Ili River and<1.0 m3/s in the rivers in the east),generally counterbalancing the negative effect of rising potential evaporation at decadal scales and positively correlating with the runoff coefficient.Therefore,water stress in the BLB may be more severe in the future due to the accelerating glacier melt after the abrupt increase in air temperature in 2000,the continuing decline in snow melt,and the significant inter-annual variations in precipitation.
文摘On January 23,2026,the second plenary session of the China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO) convened in Wuhan,Hubei Province.Amid significant changes in the global exhibition landscape,participants shared recent developments,key data,and future trends in major markets,offering guidance for industry practitioners to drive progress.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42130203,42275133,and 42241135).
文摘In this study,we use observations from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER)instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics(TIMED)satellite to develop and apply a new local-time binning method to investigate the long-term evolution of mesospheric water vapor at high latitudes.The proposed method accounts for the gradual local-time drift of the SABER orbit by aligning seasonal observation windows and selecting samples observed at similar local times.This approach minimizes tidal aliasing and ensures more consistent sampling,yielding more reliable estimates of long-term water vapor trends at high latitudes.The results show that drying signals primarily appear in the polar regions.However,in the southern hemisphere,a drying trend is observed only in autumn,whereas winter and summer mainly show moistening trends.In contrast,the northern hemisphere exhibits drying signals in the polar regions during all seasons,showing a clear seasonal asymmetry.Additionally,the water vapor trend in the northern hemisphere is particularly pronounced in February(late winter),with moistening reaching up to+2.0 ppmv.The winter in the southern hemisphere(July–August)also shows moistening,but the trend is still weaker than in the northern hemisphere.These differences highlight the strong moistening trend in the northern hemisphere during winter and underscore the significant asymmetry in seasonal water vapor changes between the two hemispheres.These findings emphasize the limitations of water vapor trend estimates across different seasons and latitudes.Moreover,they provide new insights into the spatiotemporal variability associated with tidal structures,underscoring the importance of optimizing local-time sampling strategies for reliable long-term trend detection.
